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  1. Book: Diseases of the nervous system

    Sontheimer, Harald W.

    2021  

    Author's details Harald Sontheimer
    Keywords Nervous system/Diseases
    Subject code 616.8
    Language English
    Size xviii, 481 Seiten, Illustrationen, 28 cm
    Edition Second edition
    Publisher Academic Press
    Publishing place Amsterdam
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT020999588
    ISBN 978-0-12-821228-8 ; 9780128213964 ; 0-12-821228-4 ; 0128213965
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2021 A 1075 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

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  2. Book: Diseases of the nervous system

    Sontheimer, Harald

    2015  

    Author's details Harald Sontheimer
    Keywords Nervous system/Diseases
    Subject code 616.8
    Language English
    Size XVIII, 514 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., 24 cm
    Publisher Elsevier Acad. Press
    Publishing place Amsterdam u.a.
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Book
    Accompanying material Hinweis auf zusätzliches Internetmaterial im Buch
    HBZ-ID HT018598410
    ISBN 978-0-12-800244-5 ; 0-12-800244-1
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2015 A 1210 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

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  3. Article ; Online: Neuroscience: The New English Major?

    Phillips, Kristin F / Sontheimer, Harald

    The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 158–165

    Abstract: Once strictly the domain of medical and graduate education, neuroscience has made its way into the undergraduate curriculum with over 230 colleges and universities now offering a bachelor's degree in neuroscience. The disciplinary focus on the brain ... ...

    Abstract Once strictly the domain of medical and graduate education, neuroscience has made its way into the undergraduate curriculum with over 230 colleges and universities now offering a bachelor's degree in neuroscience. The disciplinary focus on the brain teaches students to apply science to the understanding of human behavior, human interactions, sensation, emotions, and decision making. In this article, we encourage new and existing undergraduate neuroscience programs to envision neuroscience as a broad discipline with the potential to develop competencies suitable for a variety of careers that reach well beyond research and medicine. This article describes our philosophy and illustrates a broad-based undergraduate degree in neuroscience implemented at a major state university, Virginia Tech. We highlight the fact that the research-centered Experimental Neuroscience major is least popular of our four distinct majors, which underscores our philosophy that undergraduate neuroscience can cater to a different audience than traditionally thought.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurosciences/education ; Curriculum ; Students ; Universities ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1233753-5
    ISSN 1089-4098 ; 1073-8584
    ISSN (online) 1089-4098
    ISSN 1073-8584
    DOI 10.1177/10738584211003992
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4315: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Interactions between astrocytes and extracellular matrix structures contribute to neuroinflammation-associated epilepsy pathology

    AnnaLin M. Woo / Harald Sontheimer

    Frontiers in Molecular Medicine, Vol

    2023  Volume 3

    Abstract: Often considered the “housekeeping” cells of the brain, astrocytes have of late been rising to the forefront of neurodegenerative disorder research. Identified as crucial components of a healthy brain, it is undeniable that when astrocytes are ... ...

    Abstract Often considered the “housekeeping” cells of the brain, astrocytes have of late been rising to the forefront of neurodegenerative disorder research. Identified as crucial components of a healthy brain, it is undeniable that when astrocytes are dysfunctional, the entire brain is thrown into disarray. We offer epilepsy as a well-studied neurological disorder in which there is clear evidence of astrocyte contribution to diseases as evidenced across several different disease models, including mouse models of hippocampal sclerosis, trauma associated epilepsy, glioma-associated epilepsy, and beta-1 integrin knockout astrogliosis. In this review we suggest that astrocyte-driven neuroinflammation, which plays a large role in the pathology of epilepsy, is at least partially modulated by interactions with perineuronal nets (PNNs), highly structured formations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These matrix structures affect synaptic placement, but also intrinsic neuronal properties such as membrane capacitance, as well as ion buffering in their immediate milieu all of which alters neuronal excitability. We propose that the interactions between PNNs and astrocytes contribute to the disease progression of epilepsy vis a vis neuroinflammation. Further investigation and alteration of these interactions to reduce the resultant neuroinflammation may serve as a potential therapeutic target that provides an alternative to the standard anti-seizure medications from which patients are so frequently unable to benefit.
    Keywords astrocytes ; neuroinflammation ; extracellular matrix ; perineuronal nets (PNNs) ; epilepsy ; epileptogenesis ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits the Function of Cation-Chloride Cotransporter in a Mouse Model of Viral Infection-Induced Epilepsy.

    Patel, Dipan C / Thompson, Emily G / Sontheimer, Harald

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 961292

    Abstract: Well over 100 different viruses can infect the brain and cause brain inflammation. In the developing world, brain inflammation is a leading cause for epilepsy and often refractory to established anti-seizure drugs. Epilepsy generally results from an ... ...

    Abstract Well over 100 different viruses can infect the brain and cause brain inflammation. In the developing world, brain inflammation is a leading cause for epilepsy and often refractory to established anti-seizure drugs. Epilepsy generally results from an imbalance in excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission. GABAergic inhibition is determined by the intracellular Cl
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2022.961292
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Brain cancer: Tumour cells on neighbourhood watch.

    Sontheimer, Harald

    Nature

    2015  Volume 528, Issue 7580, Page(s) 49–50

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytoma/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Gap Junctions/metabolism ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nature15649
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    Zs.MG 9: Show issues
    Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: A novel method for culturing enteric neurons generates neurospheres containing functional myenteric neuronal subtypes.

    Mandal, Arabinda / Moneme, Chioma / Tewari, Bhanu P / Goldstein, Allan M / Sontheimer, Harald / Cheng, Lily / Moore, Sean R / Levin, Daniel

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2024  Volume 407, Page(s) 110144

    Abstract: Background: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is comprised of neurons, glia, and neural progenitor cells that regulate essential gastrointestinal functions. Advances in high-efficiency enteric neuron culture would facilitate discoveries surrounding ENS ... ...

    Abstract Background: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is comprised of neurons, glia, and neural progenitor cells that regulate essential gastrointestinal functions. Advances in high-efficiency enteric neuron culture would facilitate discoveries surrounding ENS regulatory processes, pathophysiology, and therapeutics.
    New method: Development of a simple, robust, one-step method to culture murine enteric neurospheres in a 3D matrix that supports neural growth and differentiation.
    Results: Myenteric plexus cells isolated from the entire length of adult murine small intestine formed ≥3000 neurospheres within 7 days. Matrigel-embedded neurospheres exhibited abundant neural stem and progenitor cells expressing Sox2, Sox10 and Msi1 by day 4. By day 5, neural progenitor cell marker Nestin appeared in the periphery of neurospheres prior to differentiation. Neurospheres produced extensive neurons and neurites, confirmed by Tubulin beta III, PGP9.5, HuD/C, and NeuN immunofluorescence, including neural subtypes Calretinin, ChAT, and nNOS following 8 days of differentiation. Individual neurons within and external to neurospheres generated depolarization induced action potentials which were inhibited in the presence of sodium channel blocker, Tetrodotoxin. Differentiated neurospheres also contained a limited number of glia and endothelial cells.
    Comparison with existing methods: This novel one-step neurosphere growth and differentiation culture system, in 3D format (in the presence of GDNF, EGF, and FGF2), allows for ∼2-fold increase in neurosphere count in the derivation of enteric neurons with measurable action potentials.
    Conclusion: Our method describes a novel, robust 3D culture of electrophysiologically active enteric neurons from adult myenteric neural stem and progenitor cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110144
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    Zs.A 1486: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits the Function of Cation-Chloride Cotransporter in a Mouse Model of Viral Infection-Induced Epilepsy

    Dipan C. Patel / Emily G. Thompson / Harald Sontheimer

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Well over 100 different viruses can infect the brain and cause brain inflammation. In the developing world, brain inflammation is a leading cause for epilepsy and often refractory to established anti-seizure drugs. Epilepsy generally results from an ... ...

    Abstract Well over 100 different viruses can infect the brain and cause brain inflammation. In the developing world, brain inflammation is a leading cause for epilepsy and often refractory to established anti-seizure drugs. Epilepsy generally results from an imbalance in excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission. GABAergic inhibition is determined by the intracellular Cl− concentration which is established through the opposing action of two cation chloride cotransporters namely NKCC1 and KCC2. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is known to regulate expression of KCC2. Hence we hypothesized that viral induced epilepsy may result from aberrant BDNF signaling. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse model of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection-induced epilepsy. We found that BDNF levels in the hippocampus from TMEV-infected mice with seizures was increased at the onset of acute seizures and continued to increase during the peak of acute seizure as well as in latent and chronic phases of epilepsy. During the acute phase of epilepsy, we found significant reduction in the expression of KCC2 in hippocampus, whereas the level of NKCC1 was unaltered. Importantly, inhibiting BDNF using scavenging bodies of BDNF in live brain slices from TMEV-infected mice with seizures normalized the level of KCC2 in hippocampus. Our results suggest that BDNF can directly decrease the relative expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 such as to favor accumulation of chloride intracellularly which in turn causes hyperexcitability by reversing GABA-mediated inhibition. Although our attempt to inhibit the BDNF signaling mediated through tyrosine kinase B–phospholipase Cγ1 (TrkB-PLCγ1) using a small peptide did not change the course of seizure development following TMEV infection, alternative strategies for controlling the BDNF signaling could be useful in preventing seizure generation and development of epilepsy in this model.
    Keywords brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ; potassium chloride co-transporter-2 (KCC2) ; Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) ; infection ; inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Perineuronal Net Dynamics in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy.

    Chaunsali, Lata / Tewari, Bhanu P / Sontheimer, Harald

    Epilepsy currents

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 273–281

    Abstract: Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascins that primarily wrap around GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. During development, PNN formation ...

    Abstract Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascins that primarily wrap around GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. During development, PNN formation terminates the critical period of neuroplasticity, a process that can be reversed by experimental disruption of PNNs. Perineuronal nets also regulate the intrinsic properties of the enclosed PV neurons thereby maintaining their inhibitory activity. Recent studies have implicated PNNs in central nervous system diseases as well as PV neuron dysfunction; consequently, they have further been associated with altered inhibition, particularly in the genesis of epilepsy. A wide range of seizure presentations in human and rodent models exhibit ECM remodeling with PNN disruption due to elevated protease activity. Inhibition of PNN proteolysis reduces seizure activity suggesting that PNN degrading enzymes may be potential novel therapeutic targets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2270080-8
    ISSN 1535-7597
    ISSN 1535-7597
    DOI 10.1177/15357597211018688
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6460: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article: A glial perspective on the extracellular matrix and perineuronal net remodeling in the central nervous system.

    Tewari, Bhanu P / Chaunsali, Lata / Prim, Courtney E / Sontheimer, Harald

    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 1022754

    Abstract: A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a diffused, homogeneous, amorphous, and nearly omnipresent matrix to highly ...

    Abstract A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a diffused, homogeneous, amorphous, and nearly omnipresent matrix to highly organized distinct morphologies such as basement membranes and perineuronal nets (PNNs). ECM changes its composition and organization during development, adulthood, aging, and in several CNS pathologies. This spatiotemporal dynamic nature of the ECM and PNNs brings a unique versatility to their functions spanning from neurogenesis, cell migration and differentiation, axonal growth, and pathfinding cues, etc., in the developing brain, to stabilizing synapses, neuromodulation, and being an active partner of tetrapartite synapses in the adult brain. The malleability of ECM and PNNs is governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Glial cells are among the major extrinsic factors that facilitate the remodeling of ECM and PNN, thereby acting as key regulators of diverse functions of ECM and PNN in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of PNNs and how glial cells are central to ECM and PNN remodeling in normal and pathological states of the CNS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452963-1
    ISSN 1662-5102
    ISSN 1662-5102
    DOI 10.3389/fncel.2022.1022754
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