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Article: Efficacy of Fowlpox Virus Vector Vaccine Expressing VP2 and Chicken Interleukin-18 in the Protection against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus.

Eldaghayes, Ibrahim / Rothwell, Lisa / Skinner, Michael / Dayhum, Abdunaser / Kaiser, Pete

2023 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: In mammals, the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the immune response is to drive inflammatory and, normally therefore, anti-viral responses. IL-18 also shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant in mammals. Chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) has been cloned. The aim of ... ...

Abstract	In mammals, the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the immune response is to drive inflammatory and, normally therefore, anti-viral responses. IL-18 also shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant in mammals. Chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) has been cloned. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of chIL-18 to act as a vaccine adjuvant in the context of a live recombinant Fowlpox virus vaccine (fpIBD1) against Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). fpIBD1 protects against mortality, but not against damage to the bursa of Fabricius caused by IBDV infection. The Fowlpox virus genome itself contains several candidate immunomodulatory genes, including potential IL-18 binding proteins (IL-18bp). We knocked out (Δ) the potential IL-18bp genes in fpIBD1 and inserted (::) the cDNA encoding chIL-18 into fpIBD1 in the non-essential ORF030, generating five new viral constructs -fpIBD1::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF073, fpIBD1ΔORF073::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF214, and fpIBD1ΔORF214::chIL-18. The subsequent protection from challenge with virulent IBDV, as measured by viral load and bursal damage, given by these altered fpIBD1 strains, was compared to that given by the original fpIBD1. Complete protection was provided following challenge with IBDV in chicken groups vaccinated with either fpIBDIΔ073::IL-18 or fpIBD1Δ214::IL-18, as no bursal damage nor IBDV was detected in the bursae of the birds. The results show that chIL-18 can act as an effective vaccine adjuvant by improving the fpIBD1 vaccine and providing complete protection against IBDV challenge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11111716
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Article ; Online: Asymptomatic carotid stenosis and stroke risk - Authors' reply.

Howard, Dominic P J / Rothwell, Peter M

The Lancet. Neurology

2021 Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 699

MeSH term(s)	Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis/epidemiology ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2081241-3
ISSN	1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
ISSN (online)	1474-4465
ISSN	1474-4422
DOI	10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00262-3
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of non-consensus transient ischaemic attacks with focal, negative, and non-progressive symptoms: population-based validation by investigation and prognosis.

Tuna, Maria A / Rothwell, Peter M

Lancet (London, England)

2021 Volume 397, Issue 10277, Page(s) 902–912

Abstract: ... 11·6% [95% CI 9·6-13·6]; hazard ratio 0·87, 95% CI 0·64-1·19; p=0·43), and higher than after ... amaurosis fugax (4·3% [95% CI 0·6-8·0]; p=0·042). However, patients with non-consensus TIA were less likely ... 768 of 1021 [75%]; odds ratio [OR] 0·47, 95% CI 0·38-0·59; p<0·0001) and were more likely to have ...

Abstract	Background: Diagnosis of transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) can be difficult. There is consensus on classic symptoms (eg, motor weakness, dysphasia, hemianopia, monocular visual loss) but no consensus on several monosymptomatic events with sudden-onset, non-progressive, focal negative symptoms (eg, isolated diplopia, dysarthria, vertigo, ataxia, sensory loss, and bilateral visual disturbance), with much variation in investigation and treatment. Methods: We prospectively ascertained and investigated all strokes and sudden onset transient neurological symptoms in a population of 92 728 people (no age restrictions) from Oxfordshire, UK, who sought medical attention at nine primary care practices or at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK (Oxford Vascular Study). Patients classified at baseline with minor ischaemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Score <5), classic TIA, or non-consensus TIA were treated according to secondary prevention guidelines. Risks of stroke (7-day, 90-day, and 10-year risks) and risks of all major vascular events (from the time of first event, and from the time of seeking medical attention) were established by face-to-face follow-up visits and were compared with the risk expected from age and sex-specific stroke incidence in the underlying study population. Findings: Between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2018, 2878 patients were identified with minor ischaemic stroke (n=1287), classic TIA (n=1021), or non-consensus TIA (n=570). Follow-up was to Oct 1, 2018 (median 5·2 [IQR 2·6-9·2] years). 577 first recurrent strokes after the index event occurred during 17 009 person-years of follow-up. 90-day stroke risk from time of the index event after a non-consensus TIA was similar to that after classic TIA (10·6% [95% CI 7·8-12·9] vs 11·6% [95% CI 9·6-13·6]; hazard ratio 0·87, 95% CI 0·64-1·19; p=0·43), and higher than after amaurosis fugax (4·3% [95% CI 0·6-8·0]; p=0·042). However, patients with non-consensus TIA were less likely to seek medical attention on the day of the event than were those with classic TIA (336 of 570 [59%] vs 768 of 1021 [75%]; odds ratio [OR] 0·47, 95% CI 0·38-0·59; p<0·0001) and were more likely to have recurrent strokes before seeking attention (45 of 570 [8%] vs 47 of 1021 [5%]; OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·16-2·71; p=0·007). After excluding such recurrent strokes, 7-day stroke risk after seeking attention for non-consensus TIA (2·9% [95% CI 1·5-4·3]) was still considerably higher than the expected background risk (relative risk [RR] 203, 95% CI 113-334), particularly if the patient sought attention on the day of the index event (5·0% [2·1-7·9]; RR 300, 137-569). 10-year risk of all major vascular events was similar for non-consensus and classic TIAs (27·1% [95% CI 22·8-31·4] vs 30·9% [27·2-33·7]; p=0·12). Baseline prevalence of atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, and arterial stenoses were also similar for non-consensus TIA and classic TIA, although stenoses in the posterior circulation were more frequent with non-consensus TIA (OR 2·21, 95% CI 1·59-3·08; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Patients with non-consensus TIA are at high early and long-term risk of stroke and have cardiovascular pathological findings on investigation similar to those of classic TIA. Designation of non-consensus TIAs as definite cerebrovascular events will increase overall TIA diagnoses by about 50%. Funding: Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wolfson Foundation, Masonic Charitable Foundation, and British Heart Foundation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31961-9
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Ua VI Zs.5: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Risk of stroke in relation to degree of asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a population-based cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Howard, Dominic P J / Gaziano, Liam / Rothwell, Peter M

The Lancet. Neurology

2021 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 193–202

Abstract: ... six [14·6%; 95% CI 3·5-25·7] of 53 patients vs none of 154; p<0·0001); and patients with 80-99 ... five [18·3%; 7·7-29·9] of 34 patients vs one [1·0%; 0·0-2·9] of 173; p<0·0001). Of the 56 studies ... associated with degree of ipsilateral stenosis (p<0·0001); there was a higher risk in patients with 70-99 ...

Abstract	Background: There is uncertainty around which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis should be offered surgical intervention. Although stroke rates were unrelated to the degree of stenosis in the medical-treatment-only groups in previous randomised trials, this could simply reflect recruitment bias and there has been no systematic analysis of a stenosis-risk association in cohort studies. We aimed to establish whether there is any association between the degree of asymptomatic stenosis and ipsilateral stroke risk in patients on contemporary medical treatment. Methods: We did a prospective population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study; OxVasc), and a systematic review and meta-analysis. All patients in OxVasc with a recent suspected transient ischaemic attack or stroke, between April 1, 2002, and April 1, 2017, who had asymptomatic carotid stenosis were included in these analyses. We commenced contemporary medical treatment and determined ipsilateral stroke risk in this cohort by face-to-face follow-up (to Oct 1, 2020). We also did a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies (from Jan 1, 1980, to Oct 1, 2020) reporting ipsilateral stroke risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and included both observational cohort studies and medical treatment groups of randomised controlled trials if the number of patients exceeded 30, ipsilateral stroke rates (or the raw data to calculate these) were provided, and were published in English. Findings: Between April 1, 2002, and April 1, 2017, 2354 patients were consecutively enrolled in OxVasc and 2178 patients underwent carotid imaging, of whom 207 had 50-99% asymptomatic stenosis of at least one carotid bifurcation (mean age at imaging: 77·5 years [SD 10·3]; 88 [43%] women). The 5-year ipsilateral stroke risk increased with the degree of stenosis; patients with 70-99% stenosis had a significantly greater 5-year ipsilateral stroke risk than did those with 50-69% stenosis (six [14·6%; 95% CI 3·5-25·7] of 53 patients vs none of 154; p<0·0001); and patients with 80-99% stenosis had a significantly greater 5-year ipsilateral stroke risk than did those with 50-79% stenosis (five [18·3%; 7·7-29·9] of 34 patients vs one [1·0%; 0·0-2·9] of 173; p<0·0001). Of the 56 studies identified in the systematic review (comprising 13 717 patients), 23 provided data on ipsilateral stroke risk fully stratified by degree of asymptomatic stenosis (in 8419 patients). Stroke risk was linearly associated with degree of ipsilateral stenosis (p<0·0001); there was a higher risk in patients with 70-99% stenosis than in those with 50-69% stenosis (386 of 3778 patients vs 181 of 3806 patients; odds ratio [OR] 2·1 [95% CI 1·7-2·5], p<0·0001; 15 cohort studies, three trials) and a higher risk in patients with 80-99% stenosis than in those with 50-79% stenosis (77 of 727 patients vs 167 of 3272 patients; OR 2·5 [1·8-3·5], p<0·0001; 11 cohort studies). Heterogeneity in stroke risk between studies for patients with severe versus moderate stenosis (p Interpretation: Contrary to the assumptions of current guidelines and the findings of subgroup analyses of previous randomised controlled trials, the stroke risk reported in cohort studies was highly dependent on the degree of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, suggesting that the benefit of endarterectomy might be underestimated in patients with severe stenosis. Conversely, the 5-year stroke risk was low for patients with moderate stenosis on contemporary medical treatment, calling into question any benefit from revascularisation. Funding: NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Wolfson Foundation, and the British Heart Foundation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/epidemiology ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Cohort Studies ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2081241-3
ISSN	1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
ISSN (online)	1474-4465
ISSN	1474-4422
DOI	10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30484-1
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Article ; Online: Association of Younger vs Older Ages With Changes in Incidence of Stroke and Other Vascular Events, 2002-2018.

Li, Linxin / Scott, Catherine A / Rothwell, Peter M

JAMA

2022 Volume 328, Issue 6, Page(s) 563–574

Abstract: ... CI, 0.78-0.92; P < .001 for difference). The significant increase in incidence at younger than 55 ... P < .001; P = .002 for heterogeneity).: Conclusions and relevance: Comparing persons living ...

Abstract	Importance: Some studies have reported increasing stroke incidence at younger ages (<55 years) but have often relied only on administrative data, and more population-based studies of adjudicated stroke are required. An understanding of the drivers of any increase in incidence of young stroke also requires comparisons with stroke trends at older ages and with trends in incidence of other vascular events at younger ages. Objective: To determine temporal changes in incidence of stroke and other major vascular events at younger vs older ages. Design, setting, and participants: Prospective population-based incidence study conducted from April 2002 to March 2018 with a mean catchment population of 94 567 in Oxfordshire, England. Exposures: Calendar time, premorbid vascular risk factors, and occupation. Main outcomes and measures: Changes in incidence of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and other major vascular events (myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and peripheral vascular events) stratified by age, sex, diagnostic workup, etiology, and severity. Results: A total of 2429 incident strokes were ascertained (mean age, 73.6 [SD, 14.4] years; 51.3% female). From 2002-2010 to 2010-2018, stroke incidence increased significantly among participants younger than 55 years (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.67; 95% CI, 1.31-2.14) but fell significantly among participants aged 55 years or older (IRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.92; P < .001 for difference). The significant increase in incidence at younger than 55 years was independent of sex, stroke severity, pathological subtype, and changes in investigation and was also seen for TIA (IRR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.36-2.57) but not for myocardial infarction and other major vascular events (IRR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93). Although TIA and stroke at younger than 55 years were significantly associated with diabetes (risk ratio [RR], 3.47; 95% CI, 2.54-4.74), hypertension (RR, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.04-3.12), current smoking (RR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.92-2.94), and obesity (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.72), the significant increase in incidence from 2002-2010 to 2010-2018 was still seen in individuals without these risk factors. The increase was greatest in professional/managerial occupations (IRR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.75-3.62) and least in partially skilled/unskilled occupations (IRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.79-1.74). The proportion of TIAs and strokes among those younger than 55 years without known vascular risk factors increased significantly over time (45 [30.4%] vs 115 [42.4%]; absolute difference, 12.0%; 95% CI, 2.6-21.5), especially in patients with cryptogenic events (10 [18.5%] vs 63 [49.2%]; absolute difference, 30.7%; 95% CI, 17.2-44.2; P < .001; P = .002 for heterogeneity). Conclusions and relevance: Comparing persons living in Oxfordshire, England, in 2002-2010 vs 2010-2018, there was a significant increase in stroke incidence in those younger than 55 years, but a decrease in those aged 55 years or older. Given the absence of this divergence for other vascular events, further research is needed to understand the causes of this difference.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology ; England/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Vascular Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2022.12759
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Article ; Online: Probing intrahemispheric interactions with a novel dual-site TMS setup.

Hehl, Melina / Van Malderen, Shanti / Geraerts, Marc / Meesen, Raf L J / Rothwell, John C / Swinnen, Stephan P / Cuypers, Koen

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

2024 Volume 158, Page(s) 180–195

Abstract: Objective: Using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS), the effective connectivity between the primary motor cortex (M1) and adjacent brain areas such as the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) can be investigated. However, stimulating two brain ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS), the effective connectivity between the primary motor cortex (M1) and adjacent brain areas such as the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) can be investigated. However, stimulating two brain regions in close proximity (e.g., ±2.3 cm for intrahemispheric PMd-M1) is subject to considerable spatial restrictions that potentially can be overcome by combining two standard figure-of-eight coils in a novel dsTMS setup. Methods: After a technical evaluation of its induced electric fields, the dsTMS setup was tested in vivo (n = 23) by applying a short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) protocol. Additionally, the intrahemispheric PMd-M1 interaction was probed. E-field modelling was performed using SimNIBS. Results: The technical evaluation yielded no major alterations of the induced electric fields due to coil overlap. In vivo, the setup reliably elicited SICI. Investigating intrahemispheric PMd-M1 interactions was feasible (inter-stimulus interval 6 ms), resulting in modulation of M1 output. Conclusions: The presented dsTMS setup provides a novel way to stimulate two adjacent brain regions with fewer technical and spatial limitations than previous attempts. Significance: This dsTMS setup enables more accurate and repeatable targeting of brain regions in close proximity and can facilitate innovation in the field of effective connectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Head
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1463630-x
ISSN	1872-8952 ; 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
ISSN (online)	1872-8952
ISSN	0921-884X ; 1388-2457
DOI	10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.128
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Article ; Online: Local Versus General Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy: Cochrane Review.

Rerkasem, Amaraporn / Nantakool, Sothida / Orrapin, Saritphat / Rothwell, Peter M / Howard, Dominic P J / Rerkasem, Kittipan

Stroke

2022 Volume 53, Issue 7, Page(s) e267–e268

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anesthesia, General/adverse effects ; Anesthesia, Local ; Endarterectomy, Carotid
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80381-9
ISSN	1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
ISSN	0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
DOI	10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038012
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Zs.A 448: Show issues

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Article: Machine Learning-Based Classification to Disentangle EEG Responses to TMS and Auditory Input.

Cristofari, Andrea / De Santis, Marianna / Lucidi, Stefano / Rothwell, John / Casula, Elias P / Rocchi, Lorenzo

Brain sciences

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) offers an unparalleled opportunity to study cortical physiology by characterizing brain electrical responses to external perturbation, called transcranial-evoked ... ...

Abstract	The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) offers an unparalleled opportunity to study cortical physiology by characterizing brain electrical responses to external perturbation, called transcranial-evoked potentials (TEPs). Although these reflect cortical post-synaptic potentials, they can be contaminated by auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) due to the TMS click, which partly show a similar spatial and temporal scalp distribution. Therefore, TEPs and AEPs can be difficult to disentangle by common statistical methods, especially in conditions of suboptimal AEP suppression. In this work, we explored the ability of machine learning algorithms to distinguish TEPs recorded with masking of the TMS click, AEPs and non-masked TEPs in a sample of healthy subjects. Overall, our classifier provided reliable results at the single-subject level, even for signals where differences were not shown in previous works. Classification accuracy (CA) was lower at the group level, when different subjects were used for training and test phases, and when three stimulation conditions instead of two were compared. Lastly, CA was higher when average, rather than single-trial TEPs, were used. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study proposes machine learning as a promising tool to separate pure TEPs from those contaminated by sensory input.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci13060866
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Article ; Online: Large walking and wellbeing behaviour benefits of co-designed sustainable park improvements: A natural experimental study in a UK deprived urban area.

Anderson, Jamie / Benton, Jack S / Ye, Junyan / Barker, Ellie / Macintyre, Vanessa G / Wilkinson, Jack / Rothwell, James / Dennis, Matthew / French, David P

Environment international

2024 Volume 187, Page(s) 108669

Abstract: ... increased more in the intervention sites (p=<0·001). Sustainable solutions can yield large increases ...

Abstract	There is little robust evidence of how sustainable park interventions impact on physical activity and other behaviours important for wellbeing. This controlled natural experimental study aimed to examine the effects of co-designing a sustainable park intervention, in a deprived UK urban area, on walking and other wellbeing behaviours. Behaviour observations were conducted at two intervention sites and two matched comparison sites (n = 4,783). Walking observations (primary outcome), wellbeing behaviours (vigorous, sedentary, social and take notice activities) and demographic characteristics were assessed at pre-intervention, and post-intervention (3 and 15 months). Outcomes were compared between intervention and comparison groups, controlling for pre-intervention using multilevel negative binomial regression models. Additional behaviour observations were conducted in two unchanged nearby sites to assess changes in general local activity. Intercept surveys (n = 623) assessed change in self-reported outdoor space usage at intervention and control areas. Post-intervention, walking increased 203 % at 3 months (IRR 2·03, 95 % CI 1·01-4·09) and 351 % at 15 months (IRR 3·51, 95 % CI 2·07-5·93), for intervention sites relative to comparison sites. Large increases for other wellbeing behaviours were also observed. The proportion of non-white persons increased substantially post-intervention, compared to comparison sites. Nearby unchanged sites showed little evidence of general increased activity. Self-reported outdoor usage increased more in the intervention sites (p=<0·001). Sustainable solutions can yield large increases in walking and wellbeing in deprived areas, especially where interventions are co-designed with residents. More collaborative and robust natural experimental studies like this are needed to better inform decision-makers how to maximise health and wellbeing outcomes from sustainable interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2024.108669
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Zs.A 3131: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Somatosensory input in the context of transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography: An evidence-based overview.

Mancuso, M / Cruciani, A / Sveva, V / Casula, E P / Brown, K / Rothwell, J C / Di Lazzaro, V / Koch, G / Rocchi, L

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2023 Volume 155, Page(s) 105434

Abstract: The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination of the TEP by electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by the ... ...

Abstract	The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination of the TEP by electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by the somatosensory input generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been postulated; nonetheless, a characterization of these responses is lacking. The aim of this work was to review current evidence about possible somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by sources of somatosensory input in the craniofacial region. Among these, only contraction of craniofacial muscle and stimulation of free cutaneous nerve endings may be able to induce EEG responses, but direct evidence is lacking due to experimental difficulties in isolating these inputs. Notably, EEG evoked activity in this context is represented by a N100/P200 complex, reflecting a saliency-related multimodal response, rather than specific activation of the primary somatosensory cortex. Strategies to minimize or remove these responses by EEG processing still yield uncertain results; therefore, data inspection is of paramount importance to judge a possible contamination of the TEP by multimodal potentials caused by somatosensory input.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Brain ; Head ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105434
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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