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  1. Article ; Online: Removal of detritivore sea cucumbers from reefs increases coral disease.

    Clements, Cody S / Pratte, Zoe A / Stewart, Frank J / Hay, Mark E

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1338

    Abstract: Coral reefs are in global decline with coral diseases playing a significant role. This is especially true for Acroporid corals that represent ~25% of all Pacific coral species and generate much of the topographic complexity supporting reef biodiversity. ... ...

    Abstract Coral reefs are in global decline with coral diseases playing a significant role. This is especially true for Acroporid corals that represent ~25% of all Pacific coral species and generate much of the topographic complexity supporting reef biodiversity. Coral diseases are commonly sediment-associated and could be exacerbated by overharvest of sea cucumber detritivores that clean reef sediments and may suppress microbial pathogens as they feed. Here we show, via field manipulations in both French Polynesia and Palmyra Atoll, that historically overharvested sea cucumbers strongly suppress disease among corals in contact with benthic sediments. Sea cucumber removal increased tissue mortality of Acropora pulchra by ~370% and colony mortality by ~1500%. Additionally, farmerfish that kill Acropora pulchra bases to culture their algal gardens further suppress disease by separating corals from contact with the disease-causing sediment-functioning as mutualists rather than parasites despite killing coral bases. Historic overharvesting of sea cucumbers increases coral disease and threatens the persistence of tropical reefs. Enhancing sea cucumbers may enhance reef resilience by suppressing disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa ; Sea Cucumbers ; Coral Reefs ; Biodiversity ; Polynesia ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45730-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Combined Pulsed Electron Double Resonance EPR and Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Calmodulin Suggest Effects of Crowding Agents on Protein Structures.

    Stewart, Andrew M / Shanmugam, Muralidharan / Kutta, Roger J / Scrutton, Nigel S / Lovett, Janet E / Hay, Sam

    Biochemistry

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 17, Page(s) 1735–1742

    Abstract: Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly dynamic ... ...

    Abstract Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly dynamic Ca
    MeSH term(s) Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/chemistry ; Electrons ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
    Chemical Substances Calmodulin ; Spin Labels ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1108-3
    ISSN 1520-4995 ; 0006-2960
    ISSN (online) 1520-4995
    ISSN 0006-2960
    DOI 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 217: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Seaweed-coral competition in the field: effects on coral growth, photosynthesis and microbiomes require direct contact.

    Clements, Cody S / Burns, Andrew S / Stewart, Frank J / Hay, Mark E

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2020  Volume 287, Issue 1927, Page(s) 20200366

    Abstract: A number of tropical reefs have transitioned from coral to macroalgal dominance, but the role of macroalgal competition in coral decline is debated. There is a need to understand the relative roles of direct coral-algal effects versus indirect, ... ...

    Abstract A number of tropical reefs have transitioned from coral to macroalgal dominance, but the role of macroalgal competition in coral decline is debated. There is a need to understand the relative roles of direct coral-algal effects versus indirect, microbially mediated effects shaping these interactions, as well as the relevant scales at which interactions operate under natural field, as opposed to laboratory, conditions. We conducted a manipulative field experiment investigating how direct contact versus close proximity (approx. 1.5 cm) with macroalgae (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Competitive Behavior ; Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Seaweed/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2020.0366
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Parasite-host ecology: the limited impacts of an intimate enemy on host microbiomes.

    Clements, Cody S / Burns, Andrew S / Stewart, Frank J / Hay, Mark E

    Animal microbiome

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 42

    Abstract: Background: Impacts of biotic stressors, such as consumers, on coral microbiomes have gained attention as corals decline worldwide. Corallivore feeding can alter coral microbiomes in ways that contribute to dysbiosis, but feeding strategies are diverse - ...

    Abstract Background: Impacts of biotic stressors, such as consumers, on coral microbiomes have gained attention as corals decline worldwide. Corallivore feeding can alter coral microbiomes in ways that contribute to dysbiosis, but feeding strategies are diverse - complicating generalizations about the nature of consumer impacts on coral microbiomes.
    Results: In field experiments, feeding by Coralliophila violacea, a parasitic snail that suppresses coral growth, altered the microbiome of its host, Porites cylindrica, but these impacts were spatially constrained. Alterations in microbial community composition and variability were largely restricted to snail feeding scars; basal or distal areas ~ 1.5 cm or 6-8 cm away, respectively, were largely unaltered. Feeding scars were enriched in taxa common to stressed corals (e.g. Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) and depauperate in putative beneficial symbionts (e.g. Endozoicomonadaceae) compared to locations that lacked feeding.
    Conclusions: Previous studies that assessed consumer impacts on coral microbiomes suggested that feeding disrupts microbial communities, potentially leading to dysbiosis, but those studies involved mobile corallivores that move across and among numerous individual hosts. Sedentary parasites like C. violacea that spend long intervals with individual hosts and are dependent on hosts for food and shelter may minimize damage to host microbiomes to assure continued host health and thus exploitation. More mobile consumers that forage across numerous hosts should not experience these constraints. Thus, stability or disruption of microbiomes on attacked corals may vary based on the foraging strategy of coral consumers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2524-4671
    ISSN (online) 2524-4671
    DOI 10.1186/s42523-020-00061-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Combined Pulsed Electron Double Resonance EPR and Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Calmodulin Suggest Effects of Crowding Agents on Protein Structures

    Stewart, Andrew M. / Shanmugam, Muralidharan / Kutta, Roger J. / Scrutton, Nigel S. / Lovett, Janet E. / Hay, Sam

    Biochemistry. 2022 Aug. 18, v. 61, no. 17

    2022  

    Abstract: Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly dynamic Ca²⁺-binding protein that exhibits large conformational changes upon binding Ca²⁺ and target proteins. Although it is accepted that CaM exists in an equilibrium of conformational states in the absence of target ... ...

    Abstract Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly dynamic Ca²⁺-binding protein that exhibits large conformational changes upon binding Ca²⁺ and target proteins. Although it is accepted that CaM exists in an equilibrium of conformational states in the absence of target protein, the physiological relevance of an elongated helical linker region in the Ca²⁺-replete form has been highly debated. In this study, we use PELDOR (pulsed electron–electron double resonance) EPR measurements of a doubly spin-labeled CaM variant to assess the conformational states of CaM in the apo-, Ca²⁺-bound, and Ca²⁺ plus target peptide-bound states. Our findings are consistent with a three-state conformational model of CaM, showing a semi-open apo-state, a highly extended Ca²⁺-replete state, and a compact target protein-bound state. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the presence of glycerol, and potentially other molecular crowding agents, has a profound effect on the relative stability of the different conformational states. Differing experimental conditions may explain the discrepancies in the literature regarding the observed conformational state(s) of CaM, and our PELDOR measurements show good evidence for an extended conformation of Ca²⁺-replete CaM similar to the one observed in early X-ray crystal structures.
    Keywords X-radiation ; calcium ; calmodulin ; glycerol ; models ; molecular dynamics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0818
    Size p. 1735-1742.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1108-3
    ISSN 1520-4995 ; 0006-2960
    ISSN (online) 1520-4995
    ISSN 0006-2960
    DOI 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00099
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 217: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  6. Article: Intergenerational effects of macroalgae on a reef coral: major declines in larval survival but subtle changes in microbiomes.

    Beatty, Deanna S / Clements, Cody S / Stewart, Frank J / Hay, Mark E

    Marine ecology progress series

    2018  Volume 589, Page(s) 97–114

    Abstract: Tropical reefs are shifting from coral to macroalgal dominance, with macroalgae suppressing coral recovery, potentially via effects on coral microbiomes. Understanding how macroalgae affect corals and their microbiomes requires comparing algae- versus ... ...

    Abstract Tropical reefs are shifting from coral to macroalgal dominance, with macroalgae suppressing coral recovery, potentially via effects on coral microbiomes. Understanding how macroalgae affect corals and their microbiomes requires comparing algae- versus coral-dominated reefs without confounding aspects of time and geography. We compared survival, settlement, and post-settlement survival of larvae, as well as the microbiomes of larvae and adults, of the Pacific coral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800780-9
    ISSN 0171-8630
    ISSN 0171-8630
    DOI 10.3354/meps12465
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 80/726: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Variable effects of local management on coral defenses against a thermally regulated bleaching pathogen.

    Beatty, Deanna S / Valayil, Jinu Mathew / Clements, Cody S / Ritchie, Kim B / Stewart, Frank J / Hay, Mark E

    Science advances

    2019  Volume 5, Issue 10, Page(s) eaay1048

    Abstract: Bleaching and disease are decimating coral reefs especially when warming promotes bleaching pathogens, such ... ...

    Abstract Bleaching and disease are decimating coral reefs especially when warming promotes bleaching pathogens, such as
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa/immunology ; Anthozoa/microbiology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Temperature ; Vibrio/physiology ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aay1048
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  8. Article ; Online: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Neuropathological Legacy of Traumatic Brain Injury.

    Hay, Jennifer / Johnson, Victoria E / Smith, Douglas H / Stewart, William

    Annual review of pathology

    2016  Volume 11, Page(s) 21–45

    Abstract: Almost a century ago, the first clinical account of the punch-drunk syndrome emerged, describing chronic neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae occurring in former boxers. Thereafter, throughout the twentieth century, further reports added to our ... ...

    Abstract Almost a century ago, the first clinical account of the punch-drunk syndrome emerged, describing chronic neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae occurring in former boxers. Thereafter, throughout the twentieth century, further reports added to our understanding of the neuropathological consequences of a career in boxing, leading to descriptions of a distinct neurodegenerative pathology, termed dementia pugilistica. During the past decade, growing recognition of this pathology in autopsy studies of nonboxers who were exposed to repetitive, mild traumatic brain injury, or to a single, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, has led to an awareness that it is exposure to traumatic brain injury that carries with it a risk of this neurodegenerative disease, not the sport or the circumstance in which the injury is sustained. Furthermore, the neuropathology of the neurodegeneration that occurs after traumatic brain injury, now termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy, is acknowledged as being a complex, mixed, but distinctive pathology, the detail of which is reviewed in this article.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/etiology ; Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/pathology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2227429-7
    ISSN 1553-4014 ; 1553-4006
    ISSN (online) 1553-4014
    ISSN 1553-4006
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044116
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Se 2169: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Parasite-host ecology

    Cody S. Clements / Andrew S. Burns / Frank J. Stewart / Mark E. Hay

    Animal Microbiome, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    the limited impacts of an intimate enemy on host microbiomes

    2020  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Background Impacts of biotic stressors, such as consumers, on coral microbiomes have gained attention as corals decline worldwide. Corallivore feeding can alter coral microbiomes in ways that contribute to dysbiosis, but feeding strategies are ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Impacts of biotic stressors, such as consumers, on coral microbiomes have gained attention as corals decline worldwide. Corallivore feeding can alter coral microbiomes in ways that contribute to dysbiosis, but feeding strategies are diverse – complicating generalizations about the nature of consumer impacts on coral microbiomes. Results In field experiments, feeding by Coralliophila violacea, a parasitic snail that suppresses coral growth, altered the microbiome of its host, Porites cylindrica, but these impacts were spatially constrained. Alterations in microbial community composition and variability were largely restricted to snail feeding scars; basal or distal areas ~ 1.5 cm or 6–8 cm away, respectively, were largely unaltered. Feeding scars were enriched in taxa common to stressed corals (e.g. Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) and depauperate in putative beneficial symbionts (e.g. Endozoicomonadaceae) compared to locations that lacked feeding. Conclusions Previous studies that assessed consumer impacts on coral microbiomes suggested that feeding disrupts microbial communities, potentially leading to dysbiosis, but those studies involved mobile corallivores that move across and among numerous individual hosts. Sedentary parasites like C. violacea that spend long intervals with individual hosts and are dependent on hosts for food and shelter may minimize damage to host microbiomes to assure continued host health and thus exploitation. More mobile consumers that forage across numerous hosts should not experience these constraints. Thus, stability or disruption of microbiomes on attacked corals may vary based on the foraging strategy of coral consumers.
    Keywords Coral reefs ; Coralliophila ; Corallivore ; Gastropod ; Microbial interactions ; Parasite-host interactions ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Ketamine as the anaesthetic for electroconvulsive therapy: the KANECT randomised controlled trial - CORRIGENDUM.

    Fernie, Gordon / Currie, James / Perrin, Jennifer S / Stewart, Caroline A / Anderson, Virginica / Bennett, Daniel M / Hay, Steven / Reid, Ian C

    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science

    2018  Volume 212, Issue 5, Page(s) 323

    Abstract: This notice describes a correction to the above mentioned paper. ...

    Abstract This notice describes a correction to the above mentioned paper.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 218103-4
    ISSN 1472-1465 ; 0007-1250
    ISSN (online) 1472-1465
    ISSN 0007-1250
    DOI 10.1192/bjp.2018.76
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Ui II Zs.5: Show issues Location:
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