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Article ; Online: Seeking and receiving help for mental health services among pregnant women in Ghana.

Adjorlolo, Samuel

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0280496

Abstract: Objective: The heightened vulnerability of women to mental health issues during the period of pregnancy implies that seeking and receiving support for mental health services is a crucial factor in improving the emotional and mental well-being of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The heightened vulnerability of women to mental health issues during the period of pregnancy implies that seeking and receiving support for mental health services is a crucial factor in improving the emotional and mental well-being of pregnant women. The current study investigates the prevalence and correlates of seeking and receiving help for mental health services initiated by pregnant women and health professionals during pregnancy. Design: Using a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires, data were collected from 702 pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters from four health facilities in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: It was observed that 18.9% of pregnant women self-initiated help-seeking for mental health services whereas 64.8% reported that health professionals asked about their mental well-being, of which 67.7% were offered mental health support by health professionals. Diagnosis of medical conditions in pregnancy (i.e., hypertension and diabetes), partner abuse, low social support, sleep difficulty and suicidal ideation significantly predicted the initiation of help-seeking for mental health services by pregnant women. Fear of vaginal delivery and COVID-19 concerns predicted the provision of mental health support to pregnant women by health professionals. Conclusion: The low prevalence of individual-initiated help-seeking implies that health professionals have a high responsibility of supporting pregnant women achieve their mental health needs.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Ghana ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pregnant Women ; COVID-19 ; Mental Health Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0280496
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Seeking and receiving help for mental health services among pregnant women in Ghana.

Samuel Adjorlolo

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

2023 Volume 0280496

Abstract: Objective The heightened vulnerability of women to mental health issues during the period of pregnancy implies that seeking and receiving support for mental health services is a crucial factor in improving the emotional and mental well-being of pregnant ... ...

Abstract	Objective The heightened vulnerability of women to mental health issues during the period of pregnancy implies that seeking and receiving support for mental health services is a crucial factor in improving the emotional and mental well-being of pregnant women. The current study investigates the prevalence and correlates of seeking and receiving help for mental health services initiated by pregnant women and health professionals during pregnancy. Design Using a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires, data were collected from 702 pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters from four health facilities in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results It was observed that 18.9% of pregnant women self-initiated help-seeking for mental health services whereas 64.8% reported that health professionals asked about their mental well-being, of which 67.7% were offered mental health support by health professionals. Diagnosis of medical conditions in pregnancy (i.e., hypertension and diabetes), partner abuse, low social support, sleep difficulty and suicidal ideation significantly predicted the initiation of help-seeking for mental health services by pregnant women. Fear of vaginal delivery and COVID-19 concerns predicted the provision of mental health support to pregnant women by health professionals. Conclusion The low prevalence of individual-initiated help-seeking implies that health professionals have a high responsibility of supporting pregnant women achieve their mental health needs.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Achieving the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment target by 2025 in Ghana: a myth or a reality?

Boakye, Dorothy Serwaa / Adjorlolo, Samuel

Global health action

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 2271708

Abstract: The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set ambitious treatment targets known as Project 95-95-95, aiming to achieve 95% of people living with HIV knowing their status, 95% of diagnosed individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and ...

Abstract	The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set ambitious treatment targets known as Project 95-95-95, aiming to achieve 95% of people living with HIV knowing their status, 95% of diagnosed individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 95% of those on ART achieving viral suppression by 2025. Through a comprehensive analysis of Ghana's HIV/AIDS response, we evaluate the feasibility of Ghana's efforts in realising these targets. The discussion explores Ghana's achievements in HIV testing and diagnosis, ART coverage, and viral suppression rates, as well as challenges related to stigma, limited access to healthcare services, funding constraints, and data quality. Strategies such as strengthening prevention efforts, expanding access to ART, addressing stigma, and enhancing health systems are discussed as the way forward to advance Ghana's progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment targets. While Ghana has made significant strides in its HIV/AIDS response, achieving the 95-95-95 targets is a challenging yet realistic goal.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Ghana/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; United Nations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540569-X
ISSN	1654-9880 ; 1654-9880
ISSN (online)	1654-9880
ISSN	1654-9880
DOI	10.1080/16549716.2023.2271708
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Article ; Online: Achieving the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment target by 2025 in Ghana

Dorothy Serwaa Boakye / Samuel Adjorlolo

Global Health Action, Vol 16, Iss

a myth or a reality?

2023 Volume 1

Abstract	The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set ambitious treatment targets known as Project 95-95-95, aiming to achieve 95% of people living with HIV knowing their status, 95% of diagnosed individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 95% of those on ART achieving viral suppression by 2025. Through a comprehensive analysis of Ghana’s HIV/AIDS response, we evaluate the feasibility of Ghana’s efforts in realising these targets. The discussion explores Ghana’s achievements in HIV testing and diagnosis, ART coverage, and viral suppression rates, as well as challenges related to stigma, limited access to healthcare services, funding constraints, and data quality. Strategies such as strengthening prevention efforts, expanding access to ART, addressing stigma, and enhancing health systems are discussed as the way forward to advance Ghana’s progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment targets. While Ghana has made significant strides in its HIV/AIDS response, achieving the 95-95-95 targets is a challenging yet realistic goal.
Keywords	hiv/aids response ; hiv testing ; treatment ; viral suppression ; achievements ; challenges ; ghana ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review.

Adjorlolo, Samuel / Adimado, Emma Efua / Setordzi, Mawuko / Akorli, Vincent Valentine

International health

2024 Volume 16, Issue Supplement_1, Page(s) i12–i21

Abstract: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of disease conditions that affect the world's poorest people in low- and middle-income countries. NTDs are associated with negative behavioural experiences, including discrimination, rejection and ... ...

Abstract	Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of disease conditions that affect the world's poorest people in low- and middle-income countries. NTDs are associated with negative behavioural experiences, including discrimination, rejection and stigmatization, that predisposes those affected to mental health problems. Consequently, researchers have shown profound interest in elucidating the mental health burden associated with NTDs. To address pertinent issues in the burgeoning literature relating to the prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in NTDs, a systematic review methodology was used. Underpinned by the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted of electronic databases, individual journals and bibliographies for articles that were screened and subjected to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixteen articles from African, Asian and South American countries were included in the review. Depression was the most widely investigated mental health issue, followed by stress and anxiety, with prevalence estimates of 7-54%, 8-43% and 19-53%, respectively. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and Self-Reporting Questionnaire were the most widely administered mental health screening tools. The major correlates of mental health problems are lower education and economic status and female gender. We recommend multisectoral and multilayered mental health and related interventions to address the increasing burden of mental health in NTDs.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Neglected Diseases/epidemiology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Poverty ; Tropical Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2526175-7
ISSN	1876-3405 ; 1876-3413
ISSN (online)	1876-3405
ISSN	1876-3413
DOI	10.1093/inthealth/ihae001
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Article ; Online: Mental health burden among females living with HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Boakye, Dorothy Serwaa / Setordzi, Mawuko / Dzansi, Gladys / Adjorlolo, Samuel

PLOS global public health

2024 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) e0002767

Abstract: Mental health problems, particularly depression and anxiety, are common in women and young girls living with HIV/ AIDS particularly in low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries where women's vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms is heightened due to the ... ...

Abstract	Mental health problems, particularly depression and anxiety, are common in women and young girls living with HIV/ AIDS particularly in low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries where women's vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms is heightened due to the prevalent intersectional stressors such as stigma and intimate partner violence. However, no synthesized evidence exists on the mental health burden of females living with HIV/AIDS (FLWHA) in Africa. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the mental health burden among FLWHA in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic literature review of articles published from 2013-2023 was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Five electronic databases; PubMed, MEDLINE with full text, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, and Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition were searched for articles published in English. Nineteen articles (15 quantitative, 3 qualitative, and 1 case study) from over 7 African countries met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies' quality was determined to be moderate. The prevalence of depression ranged from 5.9 to 61% and anxiety from 28.9 to 61%. Mental health burden was a logical outcome of HIV diagnosis. Predictors of mental health outcomes in the context of HIV/AIDS were identified as intimate partner violence (IPV), stigma, childhood traumas, sexual abuse, poverty, unemployment, and social isolation. Social support and resilience were identified as protective factors against mental illness in FLWHA. Mental illness had a deleterious effect on viral suppression rates among FLWHA, resulting in delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy treatment and increased mortality but had no impact on immune reconstitution in the face of ART adherence. Given the high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety and their relationship with HIV progression, it is crucial that mental health care services are integrated into routine HIV care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002767
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Article ; Online: Latent structure of psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: Evidence from a multi-method taxometric study of a school-based sample in Ghana.

Adjorlolo, Samuel / Anum, Adote / Adjorlolo, Paul

Psychiatry research

2021 Volume 302, Page(s) 113991

Abstract: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical psychotic symptoms that occur outside the context of sleep or are unrelated to drug use. PLEs of varying severity are reportedly very common in adolescence. However, there are concerns about whether the ... ...

Abstract	Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical psychotic symptoms that occur outside the context of sleep or are unrelated to drug use. PLEs of varying severity are reportedly very common in adolescence. However, there are concerns about whether the structure of PLEs among adolescents is latently dimensional or categorical ("taxonic"). The current study investigates the latent structure of PLEs in 1,886 adolescents recruited from senior high schools in Ghana. Four multivariate taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, l-Mode and MAXSLOPE) were applied to analyze the data. Across the taxometric procedures, there was evidence that a dimensional structure underpins positive PLEs, negative PLEs and a combination of positive and negative PLEs. The findings suggest that PLEs are distributed in the adolescent population at differing degrees/severity and that evidence of discontinuity between milder and more severe PLEs is non-existent. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating a dimensional assessment of PLEs into the existing categorical approach so that differences between people can been seen as quantitative variations along the PLEs continuum.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Ghana ; Humans ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Schools ; Sleep ; Substance-Related Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113991
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Article ; Online: Macro-level mental health system indicators and cross-national suicide rates.

Andoh-Arthur, Johnny / Adjorlolo, Samuel

Global health action

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1839999

Abstract: Background: The relationship between macro-level mental health system indicators and population suicide rates is an area of contention in the literature, necessitating an analysis of current cross-national data to document any new trend in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The relationship between macro-level mental health system indicators and population suicide rates is an area of contention in the literature, necessitating an analysis of current cross-national data to document any new trend in the relationship. Objective: This study investigated whether mental health system indicators are associated with national suicide rates. Method: Using an ecological study design and multivariate non-parametric robust regression models, data on suicide rates and mental health system indicators of 191 countries retrieved from WHOs 2017 Mental Health Atlas were compared. Results: Findings revealed that the average suicide mortality rate was significantly higher in high- income countries, relative to low-income countries. High-income countries are significantly more likely to have high number of mental health professionals, mental health policies and legislation, independent mental health authority and suicide prevention programs. These mental health system indicators demonstrated significant and positive association with suicide, suggesting that countries scoring high on these factors have higher odds of being categorized as high suicide risk countries. Conclusion: The findings have several implications for policy and practice, including the need to make existing mental health systems very responsive to suicide prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Health Policy ; Humans ; Income ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Suicide
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540569-X
ISSN	1654-9880 ; 1654-9880
ISSN (online)	1654-9880
ISSN	1654-9880
DOI	10.1080/16549716.2020.1839999
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and social determinants of anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Awortwe, Victoria / Daivadanam, Meena / Adjorlolo, Samuel / Olsson, Erik Mg / Coumoundouros, Chelsea / Woodford, Joanne

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e081927

Abstract: Introduction: Anxiety and depression pose a significant global health challenge, especially affecting adults in low-income and middle-income countries. In many low-income and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, social ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Anxiety and depression pose a significant global health challenge, especially affecting adults in low-income and middle-income countries. In many low-income and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, social determinants such as access to affordable health services, conflict, food insecurity, and poverty may be associated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression, further contributing to health disparities. To mitigate the burden of anxiety and depression in sub-Saharan Africa, it is essential to develop country-level tailored mental health policies and strategies. For example, Ghana is working towards improving mental health via its 12 year Mental Health policy launched in 2021. However, the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana, along with associated social determinants remains largely unknown, posing challenges for mental health planning, resource allocation and developing targeted interventions. This systematic review seeks to (1) examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana and (2) explore social determinants potentially associated with anxiety and depression. Methods and analysis: Electronic databases (eg, African Index Medicus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) will be searched with all screening steps conducted by two independent reviewers. Secondary search strategies, including grey literature searches, will be used. Studies reporting on the prevalence of anxiety, depression and/or a combined symptom measure (ie, psychological distress) among adults in Ghana, using validated instruments will be included. If data allows, random-effects-meta-analyses will be performed to estimate pooled prevalence rates of anxiety and depression. Potential clinical and methodological moderators will be examined using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. A narrative synthesis will explore social determinants potentially associated with anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Results will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed publication and presentations at academic conferences. Plain language summaries will be provided to relevant non-governmental organisations working in Ghana. Prospero registration number: CRD42023463078.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Social Determinants of Health ; Prevalence ; Depression/epidemiology ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Adult ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081927
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Article ; Online: Ecological validity of executive function tests in moderate traumatic brain injury in Ghana.

Adjorlolo, Samuel

The Clinical neuropsychologist

2016 Volume 30, Issue sup1, Page(s) 1517–1537

Abstract: Objective: While executive functioning (EF) tests are frequently administered in several Sub-Saharan African countries, studies examining their predictive relationships with real-world behaviors (i.e. ecological validity) are nonexistent. The present ... ...

Abstract	Objective: While executive functioning (EF) tests are frequently administered in several Sub-Saharan African countries, studies examining their predictive relationships with real-world behaviors (i.e. ecological validity) are nonexistent. The present study investigated the predictive relationship between the Stroop Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT), a general cognitive screening test, Revised Quick Cognitive Screening Test (RQCST), and measures of activities of daily living, quality of life, and cognitive failures in Ghana. Method: A total of 50 literate urban dwellers who were diagnosed with moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) were administered the neuropsychological tests and the self-report measures stated above. The informant version of the Cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ) was completed by 50 'significant other' who knew the patients very well. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the self and informant versions of the CFQ. Some EF test scores, specifically the Stroop Test, TMT and EF composite scores, correlated significantly with the outcome measures, with correlations ranging from .29 to .55. The RQCST explained 40-49% variance in the outcome measures, while the addition of the EF composite score not only resulted in 57-62% variance accounted for but also added incremental validity to the RQCST in predicting the behavioral measures, with the exception of cognitive failures. Conclusion: This study has shown that although EF test scores, specifically the Stroop Test, TMT and EF composite scores, can be used to predict real-world behavior after moderate TBI in Ghana, such predictions are likely to be limited. The general implication for cross-cultural neuropsychology is that the (limited) ecological validity of EF tests may not necessarily be affected by whether the tests were administered in settings where they have not been standardized. This argument is, however, tenable granted that the test taker's backgrounds are similar to those on which the tests have been standardized.
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living/psychology ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/epidemiology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/psychology ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Executive Function ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests/standards ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Report/standards ; Stroop Test/standards ; Trail Making Test/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639080-8
ISSN	1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
ISSN (online)	1744-4144
ISSN	0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
DOI	10.1080/13854046.2016.1172667
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