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Article: Negative frequency dependent selection unites ecology and evolution.

Christie, Mark R / McNickle, Gordon G

2023 Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e10327

Abstract: From genes to communities, understanding how diversity is maintained remains a fundamental question in biology. One challenging to identify, yet potentially ubiquitous, mechanism for the maintenance of diversity is negative frequency dependent selection ( ...

Abstract	From genes to communities, understanding how diversity is maintained remains a fundamental question in biology. One challenging to identify, yet potentially ubiquitous, mechanism for the maintenance of diversity is negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS), which occurs when entities (e.g., genotypes, life history strategies, species) experience a per capita reduction in fitness with increases in relative abundance. Because NFDS allows rare entities to increase in frequency while preventing abundant entities from excluding others, we posit that negative frequency dependent selection plays a central role in the maintenance of diversity. In this review, we relate NFDS to coexistence, identify mechanisms of NFDS (e.g., mutualism, predation, parasitism), review strategies for identifying NFDS, and distinguish NFDS from other mechanisms of coexistence (e.g., storage effects, fluctuating selection). We also emphasize that NFDS is a key place where ecology and evolution intersect. Specifically, there are many examples of frequency dependent processes in ecology, but fewer cases that link this process to selection. Similarly, there are many examples of selection in evolution, but fewer cases that link changes in trait values to negative frequency dependence. Bridging these two well-developed fields of ecology and evolution will allow for mechanistic insights into the maintenance of diversity at multiple levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.10327
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Article ; Online: Response to Letter to the Editor: On the Influence of Unmatched Treatment Conditions on Study Outcomes.

Tankha, Hallie / Lumley, Mark A / Gordon, Alan / Schubiner, Howard / Uipi, Christie / Harris, James / Wager, Tor D / Ashar, Yoni K

The journal of pain

2024 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 104461

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2018789-0
ISSN	1528-8447 ; 1526-5900
ISSN (online)	1528-8447
ISSN	1526-5900
DOI	10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.004
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Article ; Online: Negative frequency dependent selection unites ecology and evolution

Mark R. Christie / Gordon G. McNickle

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 13, Iss 7, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract From genes to communities, understanding how diversity is maintained remains a fundamental question in biology. One challenging to identify, yet potentially ubiquitous, mechanism for the maintenance of diversity is negative frequency dependent ... ...

Abstract	Abstract From genes to communities, understanding how diversity is maintained remains a fundamental question in biology. One challenging to identify, yet potentially ubiquitous, mechanism for the maintenance of diversity is negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS), which occurs when entities (e.g., genotypes, life history strategies, species) experience a per capita reduction in fitness with increases in relative abundance. Because NFDS allows rare entities to increase in frequency while preventing abundant entities from excluding others, we posit that negative frequency dependent selection plays a central role in the maintenance of diversity. In this review, we relate NFDS to coexistence, identify mechanisms of NFDS (e.g., mutualism, predation, parasitism), review strategies for identifying NFDS, and distinguish NFDS from other mechanisms of coexistence (e.g., storage effects, fluctuating selection). We also emphasize that NFDS is a key place where ecology and evolution intersect. Specifically, there are many examples of frequency dependent processes in ecology, but fewer cases that link this process to selection. Similarly, there are many examples of selection in evolution, but fewer cases that link changes in trait values to negative frequency dependence. Bridging these two well‐developed fields of ecology and evolution will allow for mechanistic insights into the maintenance of diversity at multiple levels.
Keywords	balancing selection ; biodiversity ; coexistence ; diversity ; evolutionary ecology ; genetic diversity ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the Disposition to Think Analytically: Four Distinct Intuitive-Analytic Thinking Styles.

Newton, Christie / Feeney, Justin / Pennycook, Gordon

Personality & social psychology bulletin

2023 , Page(s) 1461672231154886

Abstract: Many measures have been developed to index intuitive versus analytic thinking. Yet it remains an open question whether people primarily vary along a single dimension or if there are genuinely different types of thinking styles. We distinguish between ... ...

Abstract	Many measures have been developed to index intuitive versus analytic thinking. Yet it remains an open question whether people primarily vary along a single dimension or if there are genuinely different types of thinking styles. We distinguish between four distinct types of thinking styles: Actively Open-minded Thinking, Close-Minded Thinking, Preference for Intuitive Thinking, and Preference for Effortful Thinking. We discovered strong predictive validity across several outcome measures (e.g., epistemically suspect beliefs, bullshit receptivity, empathy, moral judgments), with some subscales having stronger predictive validity for some outcomes but not others. Furthermore, Actively Open-minded Thinking, in particular, strongly outperformed the Cognitive Reflection Test in predicting misperceptions about COVID-19 and the ability to discern between vaccination-related true and false news. Our results indicate that people do, in fact, differ along multiple dimensions of intuitive-analytic thinking styles and that these dimensions have consequences for understanding a wide range of beliefs and behaviors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047603-6
ISSN	1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
ISSN (online)	1552-7433
ISSN	0146-1672
DOI	10.1177/01461672231154886
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Article ; Online: Independent non-medical prescribing for paramedics.

Christie, Gordon

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)

2015 Volume 29, Issue 51, Page(s) 36–39

Abstract: Independent non-medical prescribing has made significant advances in nursing and is now being considered and developed by other professions. The role of the paramedic is evolving and there is great emphasis on managing people at home and reducing rates ... ...

Abstract	Independent non-medical prescribing has made significant advances in nursing and is now being considered and developed by other professions. The role of the paramedic is evolving and there is great emphasis on managing people at home and reducing rates of conveyance to hospital. This article discusses the role of the paramedic and suggests the benefits that independent non-medical prescribing could have for both the paramedic profession and for the patients paramedics treat during their clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Allied Health Personnel/organization & administration ; Allied Health Personnel/standards ; Humans ; Nursing ; Prescriptions
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645016-7
ISSN	2047-9018 ; 0029-6570
ISSN (online)	2047-9018
ISSN	0029-6570
DOI	10.7748/ns.29.51.36.e9771
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Article ; Online: Large genetic divergence underpins cryptic local adaptation across ecological and evolutionary gradients.

Sparks, Morgan M / Kraft, Joshua C / Blackstone, Kliffi M S / McNickle, Gordon G / Christie, Mark R

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2022 Volume 289, Issue 1984, Page(s) 20221472

Abstract: Environmentally covarying local adaptation is a form of cryptic local adaptation in which the covariance of the genetic and environmental effects on a phenotype obscures the divergence between locally adapted genotypes. Here, we systematically document ... ...

Abstract	Environmentally covarying local adaptation is a form of cryptic local adaptation in which the covariance of the genetic and environmental effects on a phenotype obscures the divergence between locally adapted genotypes. Here, we systematically document the magnitude and drivers of the genetic effect (V
MeSH term(s)	Acclimatization ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; Biological Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2022.1472
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Article ; Online: Sexual Abuse and Sexually-Transmitted HIV/AIDS in Jamaican Children and Adolescents Aged 6-19 Years.

Orrigio, Kadine / Pierre, Russell Bernard / Gordon-Harrison, Diahann / Lewis-O'connor, Kaye / Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana / Christie, Celia Dana Claire

Journal of infection in developing countries

2021 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) 989–996

Abstract: Introduction: Risk factors and outcomes of sexually-acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were characterized in Jamaican children and adolescents.: Methodology: Management was carried out by multidisciplinary teams in Infectious Diseases ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Risk factors and outcomes of sexually-acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were characterized in Jamaican children and adolescents. Methodology: Management was carried out by multidisciplinary teams in Infectious Diseases clinics during August 2003 through February 2019 using modified World Health Organization HIV criteria. Results: There were 78 clients, aged 6 to 19 years, with females:males = 4:1 (p < 0.05). Sexual-initiation occurred in 60%, 47 before < 16 years (median 13 years, with four < 10 years; females:males = 7:1). Sexual-initiation preceded HIV diagnosis in all cases (median 2 years). Secondary education 93% (69/77) and living with non-parental relatives 17% (13/78) were associated with early sexual-initiation (p < 0.042); as was later imprisonment in 6% (3/52). Other sexually transmitted infections 36% (19/53) were associated with sexual-initiation ≥ 16 years (p < 0.01). Risks for ongoing HIV-transmission included infrequent condom use 74% (39/53), body-piercings 50% (24/48), illicit drug use 37% (28/76), tattoos 36% (19/52), transactional sex 14% (7/53) and pregnancy 56% of girls. 77% (59/77) had Centres for Diseases Control's Category A HIV infection; 82% (61/75) initiated anti-retroviral therapy; 75% (56/75) had first-line drugs, with helper T lymphocyte counts ≥ 500 cells/μL in 61% (48/78) and HIV viral load of < 1,000 copies/μL in 63% (40/64). Complications included dermatological 39% (20/52), respiratory 25% (13/52) and neurological 15% (8/52). Early sexual initiation was associated with depression 43% (33/76; p < 0.004) and suicidal attempt or ideation 23% (18/77; p < 0.096). Four (5%) died. Conclusions: Sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents should preempt prompt medical, legal and psychosocial interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/etiology ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-31
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2394024-4
ISSN	1972-2680 ; 2036-6590
ISSN (online)	1972-2680
ISSN	2036-6590
DOI	10.3855/jidc.12156
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Article ; Online: "I don't have chronic back pain anymore": Patient Experiences in Pain Reprocessing Therapy for Chronic Back Pain.

Tankha, Hallie / Lumley, Mark A / Gordon, Alan / Schubiner, Howard / Uipi, Christie / Harris, James / Wager, Tor D / Ashar, Yoni K

The journal of pain

2023 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1582–1593

Abstract: In a recently published randomized controlled trial, two-thirds of the patients receiving a novel psychological treatment, pain reprocessing therapy (PRT), reported elimination or near-elimination of chronic back pain. The mechanisms of PRT and related ... ...

Abstract	In a recently published randomized controlled trial, two-thirds of the patients receiving a novel psychological treatment, pain reprocessing therapy (PRT), reported elimination or near-elimination of chronic back pain. The mechanisms of PRT and related treatments remain poorly understood but are hypothesized to center on pain reappraisal, fear reduction, and exposure-potentiated extinction. Here, we investigated treatment mechanisms from the participants' perspective. A sample of 32 adults with chronic back pain who received PRT completed semi-structured posttreatment interviews about their treatment experiences. The interviews were analyzed with multiphase thematic analysis. The analyses identified 3 major themes reflecting participants' understanding of how PRT led to pain relief: 1) reappraisal to reduce fear of pain, which included guiding participants to relate to pain as a helpful indicator, overcoming pain-related fear and avoidance, and reconceptualizing pain as a "sensation;" 2) the link between pain, emotions, and, stress, which included gaining insight into these connections and resolving difficult emotions; and 3) social connections, which included patient-provider alliance, therapist belief in the treatment model, and peer models of recovery from chronic pain. Our findings support the hypothesized mechanisms of PRT centered on pain reappraisal and fear reduction, but also highlight additional processes from the participants' perspective, including a focus on emotions and relationships. This study underscores the value of qualitative research methods in illuminating the mechanisms of novel pain therapies. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents participants' perspectives on their experience engaging in a novel psychotherapy for chronic pain, PRT. Through pain reappraisal, linking pain, emotions, and stress, and connecting with their therapist and peers, many participants reported an elimination or near-elimination of their chronic back pain with therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Chronic Pain/therapy ; Chronic Pain/psychology ; Low Back Pain/therapy ; Back Pain/therapy ; Pain Management/methods ; Patient Outcome Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2018789-0
ISSN	1528-8447 ; 1526-5900
ISSN (online)	1528-8447
ISSN	1526-5900
DOI	10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.006
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Article ; Online: A High-Resolution Earth Observations and Machine Learning-Based Approach to Forecast Waterborne Disease Risk in Post-Disaster Settings

Farah Nusrat / Musad Haque / Derek Rollend / Gordon Christie / Ali S. Akanda

Climate, Vol 10, Iss 48, p

2022 Volume 48

Abstract: Responding to infrastructural damage in the aftermath of natural disasters at a national, regional, and local level poses a significant challenge. Damage to road networks, clean water supply, and sanitation infrastructures, as well as social amenities ... ...

Abstract	Responding to infrastructural damage in the aftermath of natural disasters at a national, regional, and local level poses a significant challenge. Damage to road networks, clean water supply, and sanitation infrastructures, as well as social amenities like schools and hospitals, exacerbates the circumstances. As safe water sources are destroyed or mixed with contaminated water during a disaster, the risk of a waterborne disease outbreak is elevated in those disaster-affected locations. A country such as Haiti, where a large quantity of the population is deprived of safe water and basic sanitation facilities, would suffer more in post-disaster scenarios. Early warning of waterborne diseases like cholera would be of great help for humanitarian aid, and the management of disease outbreak perspectives. The challenging task in disease forecasting is to identify the suitable variables that would better predict a potential outbreak. In this study, we developed five (5) models including a machine learning approach, to identify and determine the impact of the environmental and social variables that play a significant role in post-disaster cholera outbreaks. We implemented the model setup with cholera outbreak data in Haiti after the landfall of Hurricane Matthew in October 2016. Our results demonstrate that adding high-resolution data in combination with appropriate social and environmental variables is helpful for better cholera forecasting in a post-disaster scenario. In addition, using a machine learning approach in combination with existing statistical or mechanistic models provides important insights into the selection of variables and identification of cholera risk hotspots, which can address the shortcomings of existing approaches.
Keywords	earth observations ; machine learning ; waterborne disease forecast ; post-disaster ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Agrobacterium Ti Plasmids.

Gordon, Jay E / Christie, Peter J

Microbiology spectrum

2014 Volume 2, Issue 6

Abstract: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen with the capacity to deliver a segment of oncogenic DNA carried on a large plasmid called the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid to susceptible plant cells. A. tumefaciens belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria, ... ...

Abstract	Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen with the capacity to deliver a segment of oncogenic DNA carried on a large plasmid called the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid to susceptible plant cells. A. tumefaciens belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria, whose members include other plant pathogens (Agrobacterium rhizogenes), plant and insect symbionts (Rhizobium spp. and Wolbachia spp., respectively), human pathogens (Brucella spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp.), and nonpathogens (Caulobacter crescentus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Many species of Alphaproteobacteria carry large plasmids ranging in size from ∼100 kb to nearly 2 Mb. These large replicons typically code for functions essential for cell physiology, pathogenesis, or symbiosis. Most of these elements rely on a conserved gene cassette termed repABC for replication and partitioning, and maintenance at only one or a few copies per cell. The subject of this review is the ∼200-kb Ti plasmids carried by infectious strains of A. tumefaciens. We will summarize the features of this plasmid as a representative of the repABC family of megaplasmids. We will also describe novel features of this plasmid that enable A. tumefaciens cells to incite tumor formation in plants, sense and respond to an array of plant host and bacterial signal molecules, and maintain and disseminate the plasmid among populations of agrobacteria. At the end of this review, we will describe how this natural genetic engineer has been adapted to spawn an entire industry of plant biotechnology and review its potential for use in future therapeutic applications of plant and nonplant species.
MeSH term(s)	Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids ; Plants/microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ISSN	2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/microbiolspec.PLAS-0010-2013
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