LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 103

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Self-Reported Disability Type and Risk of Alcohol-Induced Death - A Longitudinal Study Using Nationally Representative Data.

    Aram, Jonathan / Slopen, Natalie / Cosgrove, Candace / Arria, Amelia / Liu, Hongjie / Dallal, Cher M

    Substance use & misuse

    2024  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Background: Disability is associated with alcohol misuse and drug overdose death, however, its association with alcohol-induced death remains understudied.: Objective: To quantify the risk of alcohol-induced death among adults with different types of ...

    Abstract Background: Disability is associated with alcohol misuse and drug overdose death, however, its association with alcohol-induced death remains understudied.
    Objective: To quantify the risk of alcohol-induced death among adults with different types of disabilities in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of US adults.
    Methods: Persons with disabilities were identified among participants ages 18 or older in the Mortality Disparities in American Communities (MDAC) study (
    Results: During a maximum of 12 years of follow-up, 4000 alcohol-induced deaths occurred in the study population. In descending order, the following disability types displayed the greatest risk of alcohol-induced death (compared to adults without disability): complex activity limitation (aHR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3-2.3), vision limitation (aHR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), mobility limitation (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.7), ≥2 limitations (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.6), cognitive limitation (aHR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0-1.4), and hearing limitation (aHR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.9-1.3).
    Conclusions: The risk of alcohol-induced death varies considerably by disability type. Efforts to prevent alcohol-induced deaths should be tailored to meet the needs of the highest-risk groups, including adults with complex activity (i.e., activities of daily living - "ALDs"), vision, mobility, and ≥2 limitations. Early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder within these populations, and improved access to educational and occupational opportunities, should be considered as prevention strategies for alcohol-induced deaths.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1310358-1
    ISSN 1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
    ISSN (online) 1532-2491
    ISSN 1082-6084
    DOI 10.1080/10826084.2024.2340993
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Selection of and Response to Physical Activity-Based Social Comparisons in a Digital Environment: Series of Daily Assessment Studies.

    Arigo, Danielle / Gray, Robert C / Dallal, Diane H / Villareale, Jennifer / Zhu, Jichen

    JMIR human factors

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) e41239

    Abstract: Background: Innovative approaches are needed to understand barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among insufficiently active adults. Although social comparison processes (ie, self-evaluations relative to others) are often used to motivate ... ...

    Abstract Background: Innovative approaches are needed to understand barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among insufficiently active adults. Although social comparison processes (ie, self-evaluations relative to others) are often used to motivate physical activity in digital environments, user preferences and responses to comparison information are poorly understood.
    Objective: We used an iterative approach to better understand users' selection of comparison targets, how they interacted with their selected targets, and how they responded to these targets.
    Methods: Across 3 studies, different samples of insufficiently active college students used the Fitbit system (Fitbit LLC) to track their steps per day as well as a separate, adaptive web platform each day for 7 to 9 days (N=112). The adaptive platform was designed with different layouts for each study; each allowed participants to select their preferred comparison target from various sets of options, view the desired amount of information about their selected target, and rate their physical activity motivation before and after viewing information about their selected target. Targets were presented as achieving physical activity at various levels below and above their own, which were accessed via the Fitbit system each day. We examined the types of comparison target selections, time spent viewing and number of elements viewed for each type of target, and day-level associations between comparison selections and physical activity outcomes (motivation and behavior).
    Results: Study 1 (n=5) demonstrated that the new web platform could be used as intended and that participants' interactions with the platform (ie, the type of target selected, the time spent viewing the selected target's profile, and the number of profile elements viewed) varied across the days. Studies 2 (n=53) and 3 (n=54) replicated these findings; in both studies, age was positively associated with time spent viewing the selected target's profile and the number of profile elements viewed. Across all studies, upward targets (who had more steps per day than the participant) were selected more often than downward targets (who had fewer steps per day than the participant), although only a subset of either type of target selection was associated with benefits for physical activity motivation or behavior.
    Conclusions: Capturing physical activity-based social comparison preferences is feasible in an adaptive digital environment, and day-to-day differences in preferences for social comparison targets are associated with day-to-day changes in physical activity motivation and behavior. Findings show that participants only sometimes focus on the comparison opportunities that support their physical activity motivation or behavior, which helps explain previous, equivocal findings regarding the benefits of physical activity-based comparisons. Additional investigation of day-level determinants of comparison selections and responses is needed to fully understand how best to harness comparison processes in digital tools to promote physical activity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2292-9495
    ISSN (online) 2292-9495
    DOI 10.2196/41239
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: The risk of drug overdose death among adults with select types of disabilities in the United States - A longitudinal study using nationally representative data.

    Aram, Jonathan / Dallal, Cher M / Cosgrove, Candace / Arria, Amelia / Liu, Hongjie / Slopen, Natalie

    Preventive medicine

    2023  Volume 178, Page(s) 107799

    Abstract: Background: Disability is associated with increased risk of drug overdose mortality, but previous studies use coarse and inconsistent methods to identify adults with disabilities. This investigation makes use of the U.S. Department of Health and Human ... ...

    Abstract Background: Disability is associated with increased risk of drug overdose mortality, but previous studies use coarse and inconsistent methods to identify adults with disabilities. This investigation makes use of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services disability questions to estimate the risk of drug overdose death among U.S. adults using seven established disability categories.
    Methods: The longitudinal Mortality Disparities in American Communities study was used to determine disability status among a nationally representative sample of adults age ≥18 in 2008 (n = 3,324,000). Through linkage to the National Death Index, drug overdose deaths were identified through 2019. Adults in mutually-exclusive disability categories (hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, complex activity, ≥2 limitations) were compared to adults with no reported disabilities using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.
    Results: The risk of drug overdose death varied considerably by disability type, as adults in some disability categories displayed only marginally significant risk, while adults in other disability categories displayed substantially elevated risk. Compared to non-disabled adults, the risk of drug overdose death was highest among adults with ≥2 limitations (aHR = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.8-3.3), cognitive limitation (aHR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.3-2.9), mobility limitation (aHR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.3-2.9), complex activity limitation (aHR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.8-2.9), hearing limitation (aHR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-1.9), and vision limitation (aHR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0-1.7).
    Conclusions: The examination of specific disability categories revealed unique associations that were not apparent in previous research. These findings can be used to focus overdose prevention efforts on the populations at greatest risk for drug-related mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Drug Overdose ; Disabled Persons ; Proportional Hazards Models
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107799
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Drug and alcohol use disorders among adults with select disabilities: The national survey on drug use and health.

    Aram, Jonathan / Slopen, Natalie / Arria, Amelia M / Liu, Hongjie / Dallal, Cher M

    Disability and health journal

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 101467

    Abstract: Background: Deaths caused by drugs and alcohol have reached high levels in the US, and prior research shows a consistent association between disability status and substance misuse.: Objective: Using national data, this study quantifies the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Deaths caused by drugs and alcohol have reached high levels in the US, and prior research shows a consistent association between disability status and substance misuse.
    Objective: Using national data, this study quantifies the association between disability status and drug and alcohol use disorders among US adults.
    Methods: The most recent pre-pandemic years (2018-2019) of the cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 83,439) were used to examine how the presence of any disability, and specific disabilities, were associated with past year drug and alcohol use disorders. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) controlling for potential sociodemographic confounders.
    Results: Adults with any disability had increased odds of drug (aOR = 2.7; 95% CI = 2.5-3.0), and alcohol use disorder (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.6-2.0), compared to adults without disability. Examining specific types of disabilities, adults with cognitive limitations only had increased odds of drug (aOR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.6-3.6), and alcohol use disorders (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.9-2.5), compared to adults without disability. Smaller associations were observed between vision and complex activity limitations and drug use disorder. Adults with two or more types of limitations had increased odds of drug (aOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 3.3-4.3), and alcohol use disorders (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 2.0-2.6).
    Conclusions: The presence of disability, especially cognitive limitation only, or two or more types of limitations, is associated with elevated odds of drug and alcohol use disorder among US adults. Additional research should examine the temporal relationship between and mechanisms linking disability and substance misuse.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Alcoholism/complications ; Disabled Persons ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414615-8
    ISSN 1876-7583 ; 1936-6574
    ISSN (online) 1876-7583
    ISSN 1936-6574
    DOI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101467
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article: COVID-19 Death and BCG Vaccination Programs Worldwide.

    Jirjees, Feras J / Dallal Bashi, Yahya H / Al-Obaidi, Hala J

    Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases

    2020  Volume 84, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–21

    Abstract: Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. ... ...

    Abstract Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Clinical studies suggested that certain live vaccines, particularly the BCG vaccine, could reduce the mortality due to other diseases caused by non-targeted pathogens, most probably through the nonspecific effects (heterologous effects). By the end of May 2020, the available information on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the great effect of the BCG vaccine in reducing the number of COVID-19 death cases. The occurrence of death due to COVID-19 was found to be 21-fold lower in countries with a national BCG vaccination policy than in countries without such a policy, based on the medians of COVID-19 death case per 1 million of the population in these two groups of countries (p<0.001, MannWhitney test). Therefore, it can be concluded that the early establishment of a BCG vaccination policy in any country is a key element in reducing the number of COVID-19 and tuberculosis death cases.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-04
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2161256-0
    ISSN 1738-3536 ; 0378-0066
    ISSN 1738-3536 ; 0378-0066
    DOI 10.4046/trd.2020.0063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: COVID-19 death and BCG vaccination programs worldwide

    Jirjees, Feras J / Dallal Bashi, Yahya H / Al-Obaidi, Hala J

    Abstract: Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. ... ...

    Abstract Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Clinical studies suggested that certain live vaccines, particularly BCG vaccine, could reduce the mortality due to other diseases caused by non-targeted pathogens, most probably through what is known as non-specific effects (heterologous effects). The most recent available information on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the great effect of BCG vaccine in reducing the number of COVID-19 death cases. The occurrence of death due to COVID-19 was found to be 21-fold lower in countries with a national BCG vaccination policy than in countries without such a policy, based on the medians of COVID-19 death case per 1 million of population in these two groups of countries (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Therefore, it can be concluded that the early establishment of BCG vaccination policy in any country is a key element in reducing the number of COVID-19 and tuberculosis death cases.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #745206
    Database COVID19

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Pros and Cons of Performing Early Endoscopy in Geriatric Patients Admitted with Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Analysis of the US National Inpatient Database.

    El-Dallal, Mohammed / Walradt, Trent J / Stein, Daniel J / Khrucharoen, Usah / Feuerstein, Joseph D

    Digestive diseases and sciences

    2021  Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 826–833

    Abstract: ... the association between outcomes and early (within 24 h) esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) among elderly patients ...

    Abstract Background: Age greater than 65 years is a well-defined risk factor for increased mortality in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVGIB). Endoscopy is indicated in most patients at any age but presents unique risks in the elderly cohort, and ideal timing is unclear. This study examined the association between outcomes and early (within 24 h) esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) among elderly patients with NVGIB.
    Methods: All patients over age 65 admitted primarily for NVGIB who underwent EGD were included from the National Inpatient Sample 2016-2017. Clinical outcomes stratified by early EGD versus late EGD were compared after adjustment for comorbidities and bleeding severity using inverse probability of treatment weighting with survey-adjusted linear and logistic regression.
    Results: Out of estimated 625,530 admissions with a primary diagnosis of NVGIB, 120,835 met eligibility criteria; 24,830 underwent early EGD. Mean length of stay and total charges decreased by 1.17 days (95%CI 1.04-1.30, P < 0.001) and $5717.24 (95%CI 4034.57-7399.91, P < 0.001), respectively, in the early EGD group. Early EGD increased the odds ratio of death 1.32 (95%CI 1.06-1.64, P 0.01) and transfer to other hospitals 1.48 (95%CI 1.22-1.81, P < 0.001). No change was seen in the requirement for surgery or angiography. Rates of discharge to a nursing facility or home health were similar.
    Conclusion: In a comprehensive cohort of geriatric patients with NVGIB, early EGD is associated with decreased hospital stay and charges, but also with increased mortality and inter-hospital transfer. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management of this vulnerable population.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Length of Stay
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 304250-9
    ISSN 1573-2568 ; 0163-2116
    ISSN (online) 1573-2568
    ISSN 0163-2116
    DOI 10.1007/s10620-021-06924-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Book ; Online: Improving Fairness in Adaptive Social Exergames via Shapley Bandits

    Gray, Robert C. / Villareale, Jennifer / Fox, Thomas B. / Dallal, Diane H. / Ontañón, Santiago / Arigo, Danielle / Jabbari, Shahin / Zhu, Jichen

    2023  

    Abstract: Algorithmic fairness is an essential requirement as AI becomes integrated in society. In the case of social applications where AI distributes resources, algorithms often must make decisions that will benefit a subset of users, sometimes repeatedly or ... ...

    Abstract Algorithmic fairness is an essential requirement as AI becomes integrated in society. In the case of social applications where AI distributes resources, algorithms often must make decisions that will benefit a subset of users, sometimes repeatedly or exclusively, while attempting to maximize specific outcomes. How should we design such systems to serve users more fairly? This paper explores this question in the case where a group of users works toward a shared goal in a social exergame called Step Heroes. We identify adverse outcomes in traditional multi-armed bandits (MABs) and formalize the Greedy Bandit Problem. We then propose a solution based on a new type of fairness-aware multi-armed bandit, Shapley Bandits. It uses the Shapley Value for increasing overall player participation and intervention adherence rather than the maximization of total group output, which is traditionally achieved by favoring only high-performing participants. We evaluate our approach via a user study (n=46). Our results indicate that our Shapley Bandits effectively mediates the Greedy Bandit Problem and achieves better user retention and motivation across the participants.
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article: Lessons Learned from the Pandemic in the UAE: Children COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Impact on the Choice of Distance versus Face-to-Face Learning Modalities: An In-Depth Analysis of a National Study.

    Kharaba, Zelal / Alfoteih, Yassen / Alzoubi, Karem H / Al-Azzam, Sayer / Al-Azayzih, Ahmad / Al-Obaidi, Hala J / Awad, Ahmed Bahaaeldin / Dallal Bashi, Yahya H / Ahmed, Rahaf / Khalil, Alaa M / Al Ahmad, Raneem / Aldeyab, Mamoon A / Jirjees, Feras

    Vaccines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 10

    Abstract: This study addresses the crucial aspect of childhood COVID-19 vaccination and its impact on parental decisions concerning learning modalities during the pandemic. This study aimed to gauge parental hesitancy towards vaccinating their children and its ... ...

    Abstract This study addresses the crucial aspect of childhood COVID-19 vaccination and its impact on parental decisions concerning learning modalities during the pandemic. This study aimed to gauge parental hesitancy towards vaccinating their children and its influence on choosing between distance and face-to-face learning options. Following STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies, this study surveyed 1973 parents in the United Arab Emirates using Google Forms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that while more than half of the parents (51.6%) were willing to vaccinate their children if the COVID-19 vaccine was accessible and affordable, a significant majority (91.2%) expressed concerns about the rapid vaccine development process, which was the primary reason for vaccine rejection. Interestingly, a sizable portion (55.3%) had experienced online learning in the previous academic term, and, of those, 59.6% believed it negatively influenced their children's academic performance. Consequently, 66.4% expressed intent to shift their children back to face-to-face learning once feasible. Significantly, parents with medical backgrounds were more inclined (91.6%) to opt for face-to-face schooling compared to those without such backgrounds. Logistic regression analysis indicated associations between sociodemographic characteristics, educational level and background, and the decision to return children to face-to-face learning. Interestingly, when it comes to vaccine hesitancy, a noteworthy connection exists between the parents' reluctance to vaccinate their children and their preference for distance learning. In fact, parents who responded negatively to vaccinating their children against COVID-19, if the vaccine was available, showed a clear preference for the distance learning modality (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines11101598
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: In vitro

    Murphy, Diarmaid J / Dallal Bashi, Yahya H / McCoy, Clare F / Boyd, Peter / Brown, Leeanne / Martin, François / McMullen, Nicole / Kleinbeck, Kyle / Dangi, Bindi / Spence, Patrick / Hansraj, Bashir / Devlin, Bríd / Malcolm, R Karl

    International journal of pharmaceutics: X

    2022  Volume 4, Page(s) 100112

    Abstract: We have previously reported a multipurpose silicone elastomer vaginal ring providing sustained release of dapivirine (an antiretroviral) and levonorgestrel (a progestin) for HIV prevention and hormonal contraception. During initial development, issues ... ...

    Abstract We have previously reported a multipurpose silicone elastomer vaginal ring providing sustained release of dapivirine (an antiretroviral) and levonorgestrel (a progestin) for HIV prevention and hormonal contraception. During initial development, issues arose due to reaction between the ethynyl group in the levonorgestrel molecule and the hydride-functionalised polydimethylsiloxane components in the silicone elastomer formulation. This unwanted reaction occurred both during and to a lesser extent after ring manufacture, impacting the curing process, the mechanical properties of the ring, and the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-1567
    ISSN (online) 2590-1567
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100112
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top