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  1. AU=Hunt S A
  2. AU="Gniazdowski, Victoria"
  3. AU="Griffin, Matthew E"
  4. AU="Bean, Paris"
  5. AU="Elomaa, Paula"
  6. AU="Robert Fowler"
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  1. Artikel ; Online: Temperature-Induced Effects on the Structure of Gramicidin S.

    Pfukwa, Ngaatendwe B C / Rautenbach, Marina / Hunt, Neil T / Olaoye, Olufemi O / Kumar, Vikas / Parker, Anthony W / Minnes, Lucy / Neethling, Pieter H

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2023  Band 127, Heft 17, Seite(n) 3774–3786

    Abstract: We report on the structure of Gramicidin S (GS) in a model membrane mimetic environment represented ...

    Abstract We report on the structure of Gramicidin S (GS) in a model membrane mimetic environment represented by the amphipathic solvent 1-octanol using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) IR spectroscopy. To explore potential structural changes of GS, we also performed a series of spectroscopic measurements at differing temperatures. By analyzing the amide I band and using 2D-IR spectral changes, results could be associated to the disruption of aggregates/oligomers, as well as structural and conformational changes happening in the concentrated solution of GS. The ability of 2D-IR to enable differentiation in melting transitions of oligomerized GS structures is attributed to the sensitivity of the technique to vibrational coupling. Two melting transition temperatures were identified; at
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Gramicidin/chemistry ; Temperature ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand ; Solvents
    Chemische Substanzen Gramicidin (1405-97-6) ; Solvents
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-04-26
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06115
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: What’s Important

    Halawi, Mohamad J. / Wang, Daniel D. / Hunt, Thomas R.

    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

    Weathering the COVID-19 Crisis ; Time for Leadership, Vigilance, and Unity

    2020  Band 102, Heft 9, Seite(n) 759–760

    Schlagwörter Surgery ; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    ZDB-ID 220625-0
    ISSN 1535-1386 ; 0021-9355
    ISSN (online) 1535-1386
    ISSN 0021-9355
    DOI 10.2106/jbjs.20.00419
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Revisiting the 4 R’s

    Shifra Z. Goldenberg / Jenna M. Parker / Stephen M. Chege / Alison L. Greggor / Matt Hunt / Nadine Lamberski / Kellie A. Leigh / Hendrik H. Nollens / Kirstie A. Ruppert / Chris Thouless / George Wittemyer / Megan A. Owen

    Frontiers in Conservation Science, Vol

    Improving post-release outcomes for rescued mammalian wildlife by fostering behavioral competence during rehabilitation

    2022  Band 3

    Abstract: Rescue, rehabilitation, and release (‘rescue-rehab-release’) of wildlife is an increasingly widespread practice across ecosystems, largely driven by habitat loss, wildlife exploitation and a changing climate. Despite this, its conservation value has not ... ...

    Abstract Rescue, rehabilitation, and release (‘rescue-rehab-release’) of wildlife is an increasingly widespread practice across ecosystems, largely driven by habitat loss, wildlife exploitation and a changing climate. Despite this, its conservation value has not been realized, in part due to the scarcity of what has been termed “the 4th R”, research. Similar to conservation breeding and headstarting, rescue and rehabilitation entails close association of humans and the wildlife in their care over impressionable and extended periods. However, unlike these interventions, rescue and rehabilitation require an initial, and sometimes sustained, focus on crisis management and veterinary needs which can impede the development of natural behaviors and promote habituation to humans, both of which can compromise post-release survival and recruitment. In this perspective, we discuss the pathways toward, and implications of, behavioral incompetence and highlight opportunities for testable interventions to curtail negative outcomes post-release, without compromising the health or welfare of rescued individuals. We propose that practitioners ‘switch gears’ from triage to fostering behavioral competence as early in the rehabilitation process as is possible, and that research be implemented in order to develop an evidence-base for best practices that can be shared amongst practitioners. We focus on four mammalian species to illustrate specific contexts and considerations for fostering behavioral competence by building on research in the conservation translocation literature. Finally, we discuss a way forward that calls for greater cross-pollination among translocation scenarios involving extended time under human care during developmentally sensitive periods.
    Schlagwörter wildlife rescue ; rehabilitation ; behavioral competence ; post-release monitoring ; behavioral training ; reintroduction biology ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Homicide Mortality Inequities in the 30 Biggest Cities in the U.S.

    Schober, Daniel J / Hunt, Bijou R / Benjamins, Maureen R / Saiyed, Nazia S / Silva, Abigail / De Maio, Fernando G / Homan, Sharon M

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2020  Band 60, Heft 3, Seite(n) 327–334

    Abstract: Introduction: Homicide is a leading cause of death across the U.S., and it disproportionally ... and Black-White homicide disparities in the 30 biggest U.S. cities and for the entire U.S. across 2 ... for the total, White, and Black populations in the 30 biggest cities, and the U.S. Black-to-White rate ratios ...

    Abstract Introduction: Homicide is a leading cause of death across the U.S., and it disproportionally affects Blacks in urban areas. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining homicide mortality and Black-White homicide disparities in the 30 biggest U.S. cities and for the entire U.S. across 2 time periods (2008-2012 and 2013-2017).
    Methods: Using data from the National Vital Statistics System for 2008-2017, this study calculated age-adjusted homicide mortality rates (per 100,000) for the total, White, and Black populations in the 30 biggest cities, and the U.S. Black-to-White rate ratios were calculated to examine homicide mortality across the time periods. Data were analyzed in 2020.
    Results: A total of 26 cities were included in the final analysis. Results show that U.S. homicides increased slightly but significantly across the time periods (p<0.05). A total of 6 cities saw significant increases in homicides and 5 saw significant decreases. Homicide mortality rates were 1.8 times to >20 times greater for Blacks than for Whites, and these disparities persisted across the time periods for most cities. Only 2 of 26 cities had mortality rates and racial inequities in rates that were lower than the national average.
    Conclusions: Homicide mortality increased slightly across the U.S. and most cities from 2008 to 2017. The majority of cities faced high homicide mortality rates and large inequities. Black-White disparities in homicide remain substantial at the national and city levels. These findings can inform city leaders in their efforts to address the homicide, violence, and racial inequities associated with them through the implementation of policies and programs.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) African Americans ; Cities/epidemiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Homicide ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Violence
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-11-19
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.09.008
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel: The urgency of transforming the Midwestern U.S. landscape into more than corn and soybean.

    Prokopy, Linda S / Gramig, Benjamin M / Bower, Alisha / Church, Sarah P / Ellison, Brenna / Gassman, Philip W / Genskow, Ken / Gucker, Douglas / Hallett, Steve G / Hill, Jason / Hunt, Natalie / Johnson, Kris A / Kaplan, Ian / Kelleher, J Paul / Kok, Hans / Komp, Michael / Lammers, Peter / LaRose, Sarah / Liebman, Matthew /
    Margenot, Andrew / Mulla, David / O'Donnell, Michael J / Peimer, Alex W / Reaves, Elizabeth / Salazar, Kara / Schelly, Chelsea / Schilling, Keith / Secchi, Silvia / Spaulding, Aslihan D / Swenson, David / Thompson, Aaron W / Ulrich-Schad, Jessica D

    Agriculture and human values

    2020  Band 37, Heft 3, Seite(n) 537–539

    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-05-23
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 743547-2
    ISSN 1572-8366 ; 0889-048X
    ISSN (online) 1572-8366
    ISSN 0889-048X
    DOI 10.1007/s10460-020-10077-x
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: HIV mortality across the 30 largest U.S. cities: assessing overall trends and racial inequities.

    Benjamins, Maureen R / Saiyed, Nazia / Bunting, Samuel / Lorenz, Peter / Hunt, Bijou / Glick, Nancy / Silva, Abigail

    AIDS care

    2021  Band 34, Heft 7, Seite(n) 916–925

    Abstract: Background: Despite decreases in overall HIV mortality in the U.S., large racial inequities ... populous U.S. cities at two time points, 2010-2014 (T1) and 2015-2019 (T2).: Results: Almost all cities ... racial inequities in HIV mortality in U.S. urban areas. These city-specific data may motivate change ...

    Abstract Background: Despite decreases in overall HIV mortality in the U.S., large racial inequities persist. Most previous analyses of HIV mortality and mortality inequities have utilized national- or state-level data.
    Methods: Using vital statistics mortality data and American Community Survey population estimates, we calculated HIV mortality rates and Black:White HIV mortality rate ratios (RR) for the 30 most populous U.S. cities at two time points, 2010-2014 (T1) and 2015-2019 (T2).
    Results: Almost all cities (28) had HIV mortality rates higher than the national rate at both time points. At T2, HIV mortality rates ranged from 0.8 per 100,000 (San Jose, CA) to 15.2 per 100,000 (Baltimore, MD). Across cities, Black people were approximately 2-8 times more likely to die from HIV compared to White people at both time points. Over the decade, these racial disparities decreased at the national level (T1: RR = 11.0, T2: RR = 9.8), and in one city (Charlotte, NC).
    Discussion: We identified large geographic and racial inequities in HIV mortality in U.S. urban areas. These city-specific data may motivate change in cities and can help guide city leaders and other health advocates as they implement, test, and support policies and programming to decrease HIV mortality.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) African Americans ; Cities/epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Racial Groups ; United States/epidemiology ; Whites
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-06-14
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1012651-x
    ISSN 1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
    ISSN (online) 1360-0451
    ISSN 0954-0121
    DOI 10.1080/09540121.2021.1939849
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days

    Keith Brazendale / Michael W. Beets / Bridget Armstrong / R. Glenn Weaver / Ethan T. Hunt / Russell R. Pate / Timothy A. Brusseau / Amy M. Bohnert / Timothy Olds / Rafael M. Tassitano / Maria Cecilia M. Tenorio / Jeanette Garcia / Lars B. Andersen / Rachel Davey / Pedro C. Hallal / Russell Jago / Elin Kolle / Susi Kriemler / Peter L. Kristensen /
    Soyang Kwon / Jardena J. Puder / Jo Salmon / Luis B. Sardinha / Esther M. F. van Sluijs / on behalf of the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Collaborators

    International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a multi-country analysis

    2021  Band 13

    Abstract: Abstract Purpose The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated ... with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate ... accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Methods Data were received from the International Children’s ...

    Abstract Abstract Purpose The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Methods Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. Results/findings Valid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus ...
    Schlagwörter Children ; Physical activity ; Accelerometer ; Weekday ; Weekend ; Structure ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag BMC
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: The immune cell landscape and response of Marek’s disease resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek’s disease virus

    Wesley C. Warren / Edward S. Rice / Ashley Meyer / Cari J. Hearn / Alec Steep / Henry D. Hunt / Melissa S. Monson / Susan J. Lamont / Hans H. Cheng

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Band 15

    Abstract: Abstract Genetically resistant or susceptible chickens to Marek’s disease (MD) have been widely ... to Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on splenic cells from MD resistant ...

    Abstract Abstract Genetically resistant or susceptible chickens to Marek’s disease (MD) have been widely used models to identify the molecular determinants of these phenotypes. However, these prior studies lacked the basic identification and understanding of immune cell types that could be translated toward improved MD control. To gain insights into specific immune cell types and their responses to Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on splenic cells from MD resistant and susceptible birds. In total, 14,378 cells formed clusters that identified various immune cell types. Lymphocytes, specifically T cell subtypes, were the most abundant with significant proportional changes in some subtypes upon infection. The largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) response was seen in granulocytes, while macrophage DEGs differed in directionality by subtype and line. Among the most DEG in almost all immune cell types were granzyme and granulysin, both associated with cell-perforating processes. Protein interactive network analyses revealed multiple overlapping canonical pathways within both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. This initial estimation of the chicken immune cell type landscape and its accompanying response will greatly aid efforts in identifying specific cell types and improving our knowledge of host response to viral infection.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 570
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Nature Portfolio
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Comparison of rampage and non-rampage mass shootings in the U.S.: A 5-year demographic analysis.

    Cavalea, Alexander C / Tedesco, Alexandra / Leonard, Jacob K / Hunt, John P / Smith, Alison / Danos, Denise / Schoen, Jonathan E / Marr, Alan B / Greiffenstein, Patrick / Stuke, Lance E

    Injury

    2023  Band 54, Heft 9, Seite(n) 110789

    Abstract: Background: Rampage mass shootings (RMS) are a subset of mass shootings occurring in public involving random victims. Due to rarity, RMS are not well-characterized. We aimed to compare RMS and NRMS. We hypothesized that RMS and NRMS would be ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rampage mass shootings (RMS) are a subset of mass shootings occurring in public involving random victims. Due to rarity, RMS are not well-characterized. We aimed to compare RMS and NRMS. We hypothesized that RMS and NRMS would be significantly different with respect to time/season, location, demographics, victim number/fatality rate, victims being law enforcement, and firearm characteristics.
    Study design: Mass shootings (4 or more victims shot at a single event) from 2014-2018 were identified in the Gun Violence Archive (GVA). Data were collected from the public domain (e.g. news). Crude comparisons between NRMS and RMS were performed using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Parametric models of victim and perpetrator characteristics were conducted at the event level using negative binomial regression and logistic regression.
    Results: There were 46 RMS and 1626 NRMS. RMS occurred most in businesses (43.5%), whereas NRMS occurred most in streets (41.1%), homes (28.6%), and bars (17.9%). RMS were more likely to occur between 6AM-6PM (OR=9.0 (4.8-16.8)). RMS had more victims per incident (23.6 vs. 4.9, RR: 4.8 (4.3,5.4)). Casualties of RMS were more likely to die (29.7% vs. 19.9%, OR: 1.7 (1.5,2.0)). RMS were more likely to have at least one police casualty (30.4% versus 1.8%, OR: 24.1 (11.6,49.9)) or police death (10.9% versus 0.6%, OR: 19.7 (6.4,60.3)). RMS had significantly greater odds that casualties were adult (OR: 1.3 (1.0,1.6)) and female (OR: 1.7 (1.4,2.1)). Deaths in RMS were more likely to be female (OR: 2.0 (1.5,2.5)) and White (OR: 8.6 (6.2,12.0) and less likely to be children (OR: 0.4 (0.2,0.8)). Perpetrators of RMS were more likely to die by suicide (34.8%), be killed by police (28.3%), or be arrested at the scene (26.1%), while more than half of perpetrators from NRMS escaped without death or apprehension (55.8%). Parametric models of perpetrator demographics indicated significant increases in the odds that a RMS shooter was White (OR: 13.9 (7.3,26.6)) or Asian (OR: 16.9 (3.7,78.4)). There was no significant difference in weapon type used (p=0.35).
    Conclusion: The demographics, temporality, and location differ between RMS and NRMS, suggesting that they are dissimilar and require different preventive approaches.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Demography ; Firearms ; Homicide ; Police ; Suicide ; United States/epidemiology ; Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-06
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218778-4
    ISSN 1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
    ISSN (online) 1879-0267
    ISSN 0020-1383
    DOI 10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.020
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: The urgency of transforming the Midwestern U.S. landscape into more than corn and soybean

    Prokopy, Linda S. / Gramig, Benjamin M. / Bower, Alisha / Church, Sarah P. / Ellison, Brenna / Gassman, Philip W. / Genskow, Ken / Gucker, Douglas / Hallett, Steve G. / Hill, Jason / Hunt, Natalie / Johnson, Kris A. / Kaplan, Ian / Kelleher, J. Paul / Kok, Hans / Komp, Michael / Lammers, Peter / LaRose, Sarah / Liebman, Matthew /
    Margenot, Andrew / Mulla, David / O’Donnell, Michael J. / Peimer, Alex W. / Reaves, Elizabeth / Salazar, Kara / Schelly, Chelsea / Schilling, Keith / Secchi, Silvia / Spaulding, Aslihan D. / Swenson, David / Thompson, Aaron W. / Ulrich-Schad, Jessica D.

    Agric Human Values

    Schlagwörter covid19
    Verlag PMC
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1007/s10460-020-10077-x
    Datenquelle COVID19

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