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Article: Actin and Diseases of the Nervous System.

Bernstein, Barbara W / Maloney, Michael T / Bamburg, James R

2022 Volume 5, Page(s) 201–234

Abstract: Abnormal regulation of the actin cytoskeleton results in several pathological conditions affecting primarily the nervous system. Those of genetic origin arise during development, but others manifest later in life. Actin regulation is also affected ... ...

Abstract	Abnormal regulation of the actin cytoskeleton results in several pathological conditions affecting primarily the nervous system. Those of genetic origin arise during development, but others manifest later in life. Actin regulation is also affected profoundly by environmental factors that can have sustained consequences for the nervous system. Those consequences follow from the fact that the actin cytoskeleton is essential for a multitude of cell biological functions ranging from neuronal migration in cortical development and dendritic spine formation to NMDA receptor activity in learning and alcoholism. Improper regulation of actin, causing aggregation, can contribute to the neurodegeneration of amyloidopathies, such as Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Much progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of these diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2190-5215
ISSN	2190-5215
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4419-7368-9_11
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Summarizing Study Characteristics and Diagnostic Performance of Commercially Available Tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Scoping Literature Review in the COVID-19 Era.

Bernstein, David I / Mejias, Asuncion / Rath, Barbara / Woods, Christopher W / Deeter, Jamie Phillips

The journal of applied laboratory medicine

2022 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 353–371

Abstract: Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 also decreased the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Viral diagnostic testing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a ...

Abstract	Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 also decreased the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Viral diagnostic testing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a necessary tool for patient management; therefore, sensitive and specific tests are required. This scoping literature review aimed to summarize the study characteristics of commercially available sample-to-answer RSV tests. Content: PubMed and Embase were queried for studies reporting on the diagnostic performance of tests for RSV in patients with RTI (published January 2005-January 2021). Information on study design, patient and setting characteristics, and published diagnostic performance of RSV tests were extracted from 77 studies that met predefined inclusion criteria. A literature gap was identified for studies of RSV tests conducted in adult-only populations (5.3% of total subrecords) and in outpatient (7.5%) or household (0.8%) settings. Overall, RSV tests with analytical time >30 min had higher published sensitivity (62.5%-100%) vs RSV tests with analytical time ≤30 min (25.7%-100%); this sensitivity range could be partially attributed to the different modalities (antigen vs molecular) used. Molecular-based rapid RSV tests had higher published sensitivity (66.7%-100%) and specificity (94.3%-100%) than antigen-based RSV tests (sensitivity: 25.7%-100%; specificity:80.3%-100%). Summary: This scoping review reveals a paucity of literature on studies of RSV tests in specific populations and settings, highlighting the need for further assessments. Considering the implications of these results in the current pandemic landscape, the authors preliminarily suggest adopting molecular-based RSV tests for first-line use in these settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2576-9456
ISSN	2576-9456
DOI	10.1093/jalm/jfac058
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Article ; Online: Actin dynamics and cofilin-actin rods in alzheimer disease.

Bamburg, James R / Bernstein, Barbara W

Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.)

2016 Volume 73, Issue 9, Page(s) 477–497

Abstract: Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by ... ...

Abstract	Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2534372-5
ISSN	1949-3592 ; 1949-3584
ISSN (online)	1949-3592
ISSN	1949-3584
DOI	10.1002/cm.21282
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic Accuracy of Commercially Available Tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Scoping Literature Review in the COVID-19 Era

Bernstein, David I. / Mejias, Asuncion / Rath, Barbara / Woods, Christopher W. / Philips Deeter, Jamie

medRxiv

Abstract: Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 also decreased the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Viral diagnostic testing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a ...

Abstract	Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 also decreased the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Viral diagnostic testing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a necessary tool for patient management; therefore, sensitive and specific tests are required. This scoping literature review evaluated the analytical validity of commercially available sample-to-answer RSV diagnostic tests in different contexts. Content: PubMed and Embase were queried for studies reporting on the analytical validity of tests for RSV in patients with RTI (published January 2005–January 2021). Sensitivity and specificity of RSV tests and information on study design, patient, and setting characteristics were extracted from 77 studies that met predefined inclusion criteria. A literature gap was identified for studies of RSV tests conducted in adult-only populations (5.3% of total sub-records), and in outpatient (7.5%) or household (0.8%) settings. Overall, RSV tests with analytical time >30 min had higher sensitivity (62.5–100%) versus RSV tests with analytical time ≤30 min (25.7–100%), this sensitivity range could be partially attributed to the different modalities (antigen versus molecular) used. Molecular-based rapid RSV tests had higher sensitivity (66.7–100%) and specificity (94.3–100%) than antigen-based RSV tests (25.7–100% and 80.3–100%). Summary: Molecular-based RSV tests should be considered for first-line use when possible, given their high sensitivity and specificity and that adults with RTI typically have low viral load, necessitating a highly sensitive test. This review benefits healthcare professionals by summarizing the diagnostic accuracy data available for commercially available RSV tests.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2022.02.14.22270927
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Roles of ADF/cofilin in actin polymerization and beyond.

Bamburg, James R / Bernstein, Barbara W

F1000 biology reports

2010 Volume 2, Page(s) 62

Abstract: In collaboration or competition with many other actin-binding proteins, the actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilins integrate transmembrane signals to coordinate the spatial and temporal organization of actin filament assembly/disassembly (dynamics). In ... ...

Abstract	In collaboration or competition with many other actin-binding proteins, the actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilins integrate transmembrane signals to coordinate the spatial and temporal organization of actin filament assembly/disassembly (dynamics). In addition, newly discovered effects of these proteins in lipid metabolism, gene regulation, and apoptosis suggest that their roles go well beyond regulating the cytoskeleton.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1757-594X
ISSN (online)	1757-594X
DOI	10.3410/B2-62
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Article ; Online: Neuronal guidance: a redox signal involving Mical.

Bernstein, Barbara W / Bamburg, James R

Current biology : CB

2010 Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) R360–2

Abstract: Mical, a redox enzyme, binds the cytoplasmic domain of the semaphorin receptor plexin A and mediates semaphorin-signaled collapse of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent work now shows that Mical's ability to bind actin filaments and destabilize them in a ... ...

Abstract	Mical, a redox enzyme, binds the cytoplasmic domain of the semaphorin receptor plexin A and mediates semaphorin-signaled collapse of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent work now shows that Mical's ability to bind actin filaments and destabilize them in a NADPH-dependent manner is responsible for semaphorin 1a's effects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology ; Drosophila/physiology ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	DNA-Binding Proteins ; MICAL protein, Drosophila
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.008
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Article: ADF/cofilin.

Bamburg, James R / Bernstein, Barbara W

Current biology : CB

2008 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) R273–5

MeSH term(s)	Actin Depolymerizing Factors/chemistry ; Actin Depolymerizing Factors/metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals
Chemical Substances	Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.002
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Article ; Online: ADF/cofilin: a functional node in cell biology.

Bernstein, Barbara W / Bamburg, James R

Trends in cell biology

2010 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 187–195

Abstract: Recent findings have significantly expanded our understanding of the regulation of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins and the profound multifaceted impact that these well-established regulators of actin dynamics have on cell biology. In ... ...

Abstract	Recent findings have significantly expanded our understanding of the regulation of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins and the profound multifaceted impact that these well-established regulators of actin dynamics have on cell biology. In this review we discuss new aspects of previously documented regulation, such as phosphorylation, but also cover novel recently established modes of regulation and functions of ADF (also known as destrin)/cofilin. We now understand that their activity responds to a vast array of inputs far greater than previously appreciated and that these proteins not only feed back to the crucially important dynamics of actin, but also to apoptosis cascades, phospholipid metabolism, and gene expression. We argue that this ability to respond to physiological changes by modulating those same changes makes the ADF/cofilin protein family a homeostatic regulator or 'functional node' in cell biology.
MeSH term(s)	Actin Depolymerizing Factors/chemistry ; Actin Depolymerizing Factors/genetics ; Actin Depolymerizing Factors/metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Destrin/chemistry ; Destrin/genetics ; Destrin/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells/cytology ; HeLa Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins ; Destrin
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	30122-x
ISSN	1879-3088 ; 0962-8924
ISSN (online)	1879-3088
ISSN	0962-8924
DOI	10.1016/j.tcb.2010.01.001
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Article: Dissection and culturing of chick ciliary ganglion neurons: a system well suited to synaptic study.

Bernstein, Barbara W

Methods in cell biology

2003 Volume 71, Page(s) 37–50

Abstract: This chapter describes the function and development of the ciliary ganglion, the potential of ciliary ganglion neurons as a cell biological tool, and their dissection, dissociation, and culturing. Ciliary ganglion neurons grow unusually rapidly on a ... ...

Abstract	This chapter describes the function and development of the ciliary ganglion, the potential of ciliary ganglion neurons as a cell biological tool, and their dissection, dissociation, and culturing. Ciliary ganglion neurons grow unusually rapidly on a laminin-based substratum and develop large, thin calyx terminals in culture in less than 12 h. The two neuronal classes present in the cultures can be identified by size alone. The limited number of ganglia per animal renders this ganglion a poor choice for biochemical studies based on the extraction of cultured cells. However, they are ideally suited for studies based on single-cell observation, particularly investigation of presynaptic mechanisms using fluorescence microscopy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cells, Cultured/cytology ; Cells, Cultured/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Dissection/instrumentation ; Dissection/methods ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/cytology ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Oculomotor Nerve/cytology ; Oculomotor Nerve/physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
Chemical Substances	Culture Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ISSN	0091-679X
ISSN	0091-679X
DOI	10.1016/s0091-679x(03)01003-3
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Article ; Online: Inaccessible LCG Promoters Act as Safeguards to Restrict T Cell Development to Appropriate Notch Signaling Environments.

Furuyama, Suzanne / Wu, Qian Vicky / Varnum-Finney, Barbara / Sandstrom, Richard / Meuleman, Wouter / Stamatoyannopoulos, John A / Bernstein, Irwin D

Stem cell reports

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 717–726

Abstract: T cell development is restricted to the thymus and is dependent on high levels of Notch signaling induced within the thymic microenvironment. To understand Notch function in thymic restriction, we investigated the basis for target gene selectivity in ... ...

Abstract	T cell development is restricted to the thymus and is dependent on high levels of Notch signaling induced within the thymic microenvironment. To understand Notch function in thymic restriction, we investigated the basis for target gene selectivity in response to quantitative differences in Notch signal strength, focusing on the chromatin architecture of genes essential for T cell differentiation. We find that high Notch signal strength is required to activate promoters of known targets essential for T cell commitment, including Il2ra, Cd3ε, and Rag1, which feature low CpG content (LCG) and DNA inaccessibility in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Our findings suggest that promoter DNA inaccessibility at LCG T lineage genes provides robust protection against stochastic activation in inappropriate Notch signaling contexts, limiting T cell development to the thymus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Notch ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Deoxyribonuclease I (EC 3.1.21.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2720528-9
ISSN	2213-6711 ; 2213-6711
ISSN (online)	2213-6711
ISSN	2213-6711
DOI	10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.017
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