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  1. Article: AI governance in the public sector: Three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings.

    Kuziemski, Maciej / Misuraca, Gianluca

    Telecommunications policy

    2020  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 101976

    Abstract: The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector's predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to ... ...

    Abstract The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector's predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to protect citizens from potential algorithmic harms are at odds with the temptation to increase its own efficiency - or in other words - to govern algorithms, while governing
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0308-5961
    ISSN 0308-5961
    DOI 10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101976
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  2. Book ; Article ; Online: AI governance in the public sector

    KUZIEMSKI MACIEJ / MISURACA GIANLUCA

    three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings

    2020  

    Abstract: The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector’s predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to ... ...

    Abstract The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector’s predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to protect citizens from potential algorithmic harms are at odds with the temptation to increase its own efficiency - or in other words - to govern algorithms, while governing by algorithms. Whether such dual role is even possible, has been a matter of debate, the challenge stemming from algorithms’ intrinsic properties, that make them distinct from other digital solutions, long embraced by the governments, create externalities that rule-based programming lacks. As the pressures to deploy automated decision making systems in the public sector become prevalent, this paper aims to examine how the use of AI in the public sector in relation to existing data governance regimes and national regulatory practices can be intensifying existing power asymmetries. To this end, investigating the legal and policy instruments asssociated with the use of AI for strenghtening the immigration process control system in Canada; “optimising” the employment services" in Poland, and personalising the digital service experience in Finland, the paper advocates for the need of a common framework to evaluate the potential impact of the use of AI in the public sector. In this regard, it discusses the specific effects of automated decision support systems on public services and the growing expectations for governments to play a more prevalent role in the digital society and to ensure that the potential of technology is harnessed, while negative effects are controlled and possibly avoided. This is of particular importance in light of the current COVID-19 emergency crisis where AI and the underpinning regulatory framework of data ecosystems, have become crucial policy issues as more and more innovations are based on large scale data collections from digital devices, and the real-time accessibility of information and services, contact and relationships between institutions and citizens could strengthen – or undermine - trust in governance systems and democracy.

    JRC.B.6-Digital Economy
    Keywords covid19
    Subject code 320
    Language ENG
    Publishing date 2020-04-18
    Publisher ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    Publishing country eu
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: AI governance in the public sector: Three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings

    Kuziemski, Maciej / Misuraca, Gianluca

    Telecomm Policy

    Abstract: The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector's predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to ... ...

    Abstract The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector's predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to protect citizens from potential algorithmic harms are at odds with the temptation to increase its own efficiency - or in other words - to govern algorithms, while governing by algorithms. Whether such dual role is even possible, has been a matter of debate, the challenge stemming from algorithms' intrinsic properties, that make them distinct from other digital solutions, long embraced by the governments, create externalities that rule-based programming lacks. As the pressures to deploy automated decision making systems in the public sector become prevalent, this paper aims to examine how the use of AI in the public sector in relation to existing data governance regimes and national regulatory practices can be intensifying existing power asymmetries. To this end, investigating the legal and policy instruments associated with the use of AI for strenghtening the immigration process control system in Canada; "optimising" the employment services" in Poland, and personalising the digital service experience in Finland, the paper advocates for the need of a common framework to evaluate the potential impact of the use of AI in the public sector. In this regard, it discusses the specific effects of automated decision support systems on public services and the growing expectations for governments to play a more prevalent role in the digital society and to ensure that the potential of technology is harnessed, while negative effects are controlled and possibly avoided. This is of particular importance in light of the current COVID-19 emergency crisis where AI and the underpinning regulatory framework of data ecosystems, have become crucial policy issues as more and more innovations are based on large scale data collections from digital devices, and the real-time accessibility of information and services, contact and relationships between institutions and citizens could strengthen - or undermine - trust in governance systems and democracy.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #71845
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Impairment of lung diffusion capacity-a new consequence in the long-term childhood leukaemia survivors.

    Wasilewska, Eliza / Kuziemski, Krzysztof / Niedoszytko, Marek / Kaczorowska-Hać, Barbara / Niedzwiecki, Maciej / Małgorzewicz, Sylwia / Jassem, Ewa

    Annals of hematology

    2019  Volume 98, Issue 9, Page(s) 2103–2110

    Abstract: Childhood leukaemia survivors (CLS) are known to have developed long-term impairment of lung function. The reasons for that complication are only partially known. The aims of this study were to assess pulmonary function in CLS and identify (1) risk ... ...

    Abstract Childhood leukaemia survivors (CLS) are known to have developed long-term impairment of lung function. The reasons for that complication are only partially known. The aims of this study were to assess pulmonary function in CLS and identify (1) risk factors and (2) clinical manifestations for the impairment of airflow and lung diffusion. The study group included 74 CLS: 46 treated with chemotherapy alone (HSCT-), 28 with chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT+), and 84 healthy subjects (control group (CG)). Spirometry and diffusion limit of carbon monoxide (DLCO) tests were performed in all subjects. Ten (14%) survivors had restrictive, five (7%) had obstructive pattern, and 47 (66%) had reduced DLCO. The age at diagnosis, type of transplant, and type of conditioning regimen did not significantly affect the pulmonary function tests. The DLCO%pv were lower in CLS than in CG (p < 0.03) and in the HSCT+ than in the HSCT- survivors (p < 0.05). The pulmonary infection increased the risk of diffusion impairment (OR 5.1, CI 1.16-22.9, p = 0.019). DLCO was reduced in survivors who experienced CMV lung infection (p < 0.001). The main symptom of impaired lung diffusion was poor tolerance of exercise (p < 0.005). The lower lung diffusion capacity is the most frequent abnormality in CLS. HSCT and pulmonary infection, in particular with CMV infection, are strong risk factors for impairment of lung diffusion capacity in CLS. Clinical manifestation of DLCO impairment is poor exercise tolerance. A screening for respiratory abnormalities in CLS seems to be of significant importance.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cancer Survivors ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia/physiopathology ; Leukemia/therapy ; Lung/physiopathology ; Male ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Transplantation Conditioning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1064950-5
    ISSN 1432-0584 ; 0939-5555 ; 0945-8077
    ISSN (online) 1432-0584
    ISSN 0939-5555 ; 0945-8077
    DOI 10.1007/s00277-019-03745-4
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  5. Article ; Online: Asthma-COPD Overlap-A Discordance Between Patient Populations Defined by Different Diagnostic Criteria.

    Barczyk, Adam / Maskey-Warzęchowska, Marta / Górska, Katarzyna / Barczyk, Marek / Kuziemski, Krzysztof / Śliwiński, Paweł / Batura-Gabryel, Halina / Mróz, Robert / Kania, Aleksander / Obojski, Andrzej / Tażbirek, Maciej / Celejewska-Wójcik, Natalia / Guziejko, Katarzyna / Brajer-Luftmann, Beata / Korzybski, Damian / Damps-Kostańska, Iwona / Krenke, Rafał

    The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

    2019  Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) 2326–2336.e5

    Abstract: Background: The concordance between asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) defined according to Global Inititative for Asthma (GINA)/Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and other diagnostic criteria is ... ...

    Abstract Background: The concordance between asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) defined according to Global Inititative for Asthma (GINA)/Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and other diagnostic criteria is unknown.
    Objective: To assess the concordance between different ACO definitions and to estimate the definition-based ACO prevalence and characteristics.
    Methods: A prospective, real-life study based on a 32-item data set was performed in a mixed population of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Five different definitions of ACO, including the GINA/GOLD criteria, were analyzed.
    Results: A total of 1609 patients were included in the final analysis. Application of Venn diagram for ACO populations resulted in 31 ACO subpopulations, which were further reduced to 6 separate populations by introducing a rank order for the analyzed definitions to classify patients from intersecting groups. Overall, the level of agreement between different ACO definitions was poor. Cohen kappa coefficient for the agreement between ACO GINA/GOLD definition and other ACO definitions varied from 0.06 to 0.21. Only 2 patients (0.12%) met all the ACO definitions. Definition-based ACO prevalence ranged between 3.8% (Spanish criteria) and 18.4% (clinician's diagnosis). A total of 573 (33.4%) patients met the criteria from at least 1 ACO definition. Patients who could not be classified as suffering from "pure" asthma, "pure" COPD, or ACO accounted for as much as 27.5% of the whole investigated group. The most severe symptoms were observed in patients with ACO defined as COPD and asthma diagnosed at age less than 40 years.
    Conclusions: The current ACO definitions identify distinct populations that share only a small number of common features and present with different disease phenotypes. ACO prevalence is highly variable, depending on the definition applied.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2843237-X
    ISSN 2213-2201 ; 2213-2198
    ISSN (online) 2213-2201
    ISSN 2213-2198
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.022
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  6. Article: Zakazenia wirusem zapalenia watroby typu B w latach 2002-2004 na terenie województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego.

    Kuziemski, Arkadiusz / Narolska-Wierczewska, Elzbieta / Borowiecki, Maciej / Kowalewski, Tadeusz / Wojdowski, Wojciech

    Przeglad epidemiologiczny

    2005  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 815–821

    Abstract: Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to review epidemiological status of HBV infections in our province by using new clinical findings. 1836 reported cases of infection HBV were analysed on the basis of available documentation. Diagnosis of the acute, ... ...

    Title translation Hepatitis B virus infections in 2002-2004 in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship.
    Abstract Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to review epidemiological status of HBV infections in our province by using new clinical findings. 1836 reported cases of infection HBV were analysed on the basis of available documentation. Diagnosis of the acute, chronic or carrier infection were agreed on the basis of interview and presented clinical, biochemical and immunoserological exponents. 152 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in analysed period. Among them one child under 9. Remaining cases were new detected chronic infections. The registered morbidity of acute hepatitis B was 58% lower during 3 years. All together 17671 persons were infected HBV in our province and the prevalence was 0, 85%.
    Conclusions: The incidence of acute hepatitis B in 2002-2004 demonstrated a strong tendency for decrease, especially among children under 9. The prevalence of hepatitis B was comparable with european average. The results of our analysis demonstrated that epidemiological status of HBV infections in our province presented in previous publications was incorrect. Statistical data did not differentiate new cases of hepatitis B for acute and chronic which resulted in incorrect outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carrier State/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/transmission ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Needs Assessment ; Poland/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines
    Language Polish
    Publishing date 2005
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 421782-2
    ISSN 0033-2100
    ISSN 0033-2100
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