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  1. Article: Notch Inhibition Enhances Morphological Reprogramming of microRNA-Induced Human Neurons.

    Burbach, Kyle F / Yoo, Andrew S

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Although the importance of Notch signaling in brain development is well-known, its specific contribution to cellular reprogramming remains less defined. Here, we use microRNA-induced neurons that are directly reprogrammed from human fibroblasts to ... ...

    Abstract Although the importance of Notch signaling in brain development is well-known, its specific contribution to cellular reprogramming remains less defined. Here, we use microRNA-induced neurons that are directly reprogrammed from human fibroblasts to determine how Notch signaling contributes to neuronal identity. We found that inhibiting Notch signaling led to an increase in neurite extension, while activating Notch signaling had the opposite effect. Surprisingly, Notch inhibition during the first week of reprogramming was both necessary and sufficient to enhance neurite outgrowth at a later timepoint. This timeframe is when the reprogramming miRNAs, miR-9/9* and miR-124, primarily induce a post-mitotic state and erase fibroblast identity. Accordingly, transcriptomic analysis showed that the effect of Notch inhibition was likely due to improvements in fibroblast fate erasure and silencing of anti-neuronal genes. To this effect, we identify
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.12.575384
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Modeling Huntington disease through microRNA-mediated neuronal reprogramming identifies age-associated autophagy dysfunction driving the onset of neurodegeneration.

    Oh, Young Mi / Lee, Seong Won / Yoo, Andrew S

    Autophagy

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) 2613–2615

    Abstract: Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with adult-onset clinical symptoms. However, the mechanism by which aging triggers the onset of neurodegeneration in HD patients remains unclear. Modeling the age-dependent progression of ... ...

    Abstract Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with adult-onset clinical symptoms. However, the mechanism by which aging triggers the onset of neurodegeneration in HD patients remains unclear. Modeling the age-dependent progression of HD with striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) generated by direct reprogramming of fibroblasts from HD patients at different disease stages identifies age-dependent decline in critical cellular functions such as autophagy/macroautophagy and onset of neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, MSNs derived from symptomatic HD patients (HD-MSNs) are characterized by increased chromatin accessibility proximal to the
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Autophagy/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Corpus Striatum ; Disease Models, Animal ; Huntingtin Protein/genetics
    Chemical Substances STAT3 Transcription Factor ; MicroRNAs ; Huntingtin Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2454135-7
    ISSN 1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1554-8635
    ISSN 1554-8627
    DOI 10.1080/15548627.2023.2175572
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Should Obtaining Informed Consent Be Considered an Entrustable Professional Activity? Insights From Whether and How Attendings Entrust Surgical Trainees.

    White, Erin M / Esposito, Andrew C / Yoo, Peter S

    Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

    2023  

    Abstract: Purpose: Because residents are frequently delegated the task of obtaining consent early in their training, the American Association of Medical Colleges describes "obtaining informed consent" as a core entrustable professional activity (EPA) for medical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Because residents are frequently delegated the task of obtaining consent early in their training, the American Association of Medical Colleges describes "obtaining informed consent" as a core entrustable professional activity (EPA) for medical school graduates. However, prior studies demonstrated that residents frequently perform this task without receiving formal instruction or assessment of competency. This study sought to understand how attending physicians decide to delegate obtaining informed consent for surgical procedures to trainees.
    Method: The authors conducted a survey of attending surgeons at a university-based health care system of 6 affiliated teaching hospitals (October-December 2020) to collect data about current entrustment practices and attendings' knowledge, experience, and attitudes surrounding the informed consent process. Summary statistics and bivariate analyses were applied.
    Results: Eighty-five attending surgeons participated (response rate, 49.4%) from diverse specialties, practice types, and years in practice. Fifty-eight of 85 (68.2%) stated they "never" granted responsibility for the consent conversation to a trainee and 74/81 (91.4%) reported they typically repeated their own consent conversation whenever a trainee already obtained consent. The most common reasons they retained responsibility for consent were ethical duty (69/82, 84.1%) and the patient relationship (65/82, 79.3%), while less than half (40/82, 48.8%) described concerns about trainee competency. Reflecting on hypothetical clinical scenarios, increased resident competency did not correspond with increased entrustment (P = 0.27 - 0.62). Nearly all respondents (83/85, 97.7%) believed residents should receive formal training, however, only 41/85 (48.2%) felt additional training and assessment of residents might change their current entrustment practices.
    Conclusions: Attendings view informed consent as an ethical and professional obligation that typically cannot be entrusted to trainees. This practice is discordant with previous literature studying residents' perspectives. Furthermore, resident competency does not play a predominant role in this decision, calling into question whether informed consent can be considered an EPA.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 96192-9
    ISSN 1938-808X ; 1040-2446
    ISSN (online) 1938-808X
    ISSN 1040-2446
    DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005587
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: MiR-218 steps down to a threshold of motor impairment.

    Church, Victoria A / Yoo, Andrew S

    Neuron

    2021  Volume 109, Issue 20, Page(s) 3233–3235

    Abstract: In this issue of Neuron, Amin et al. (2021) generate genetic tools to titrate down levels of miR-218, a motor neuron-enriched microRNA, in vivo. Varying miR-218 dose alters target selection, results in distinct dose-response curves reflecting 3' UTR ... ...

    Abstract In this issue of Neuron, Amin et al. (2021) generate genetic tools to titrate down levels of miR-218, a motor neuron-enriched microRNA, in vivo. Varying miR-218 dose alters target selection, results in distinct dose-response curves reflecting 3' UTR features, and reveals a miR-218 threshold below which motor neuron deficits emerge.
    MeSH term(s) 3' Untranslated Regions ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Motor Disorders ; Motor Neurons
    Chemical Substances 3' Untranslated Regions ; MIRN218 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Potential of mean force conformational energy maps for disaccharide linkages of the Burkholderia multivorans exopolysaccharide C1576 in aqueous solution.

    Jou, Ining A / Yoo, Andrew S / Dionne, Elyssa V / Brady, John W

    Carbohydrate research

    2023  Volume 524, Page(s) 108741

    Abstract: Potential of Mean Force Ramachandran energy maps in aqueous solution have been prepared for all of the glycosidic linkages found in the C1576 exopolysaccharide from the biofilms of the bacterial species Burkholderia multivorans, a member of the ... ...

    Abstract Potential of Mean Force Ramachandran energy maps in aqueous solution have been prepared for all of the glycosidic linkages found in the C1576 exopolysaccharide from the biofilms of the bacterial species Burkholderia multivorans, a member of the Burkholderia cepacian complex that was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient. C1576 is a rhamnomannan with a tetrasaccharide repeat unit. In general, for the four linkage types in this polymer, hydration did not produce dramatic changes in the Ramachandran energy surfaces, with the 3-methyl-α-d-rhamnopyranose-(1→3)-α-d-rhamnopyranose case exhibiting the greatest hydration change, with the global minimum energy conformation shifting by more than 80° in ψ. However, hydration did reduce the rigidity of all the linkages, increasing the overall flexibility of this polysaccharide.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Disaccharides ; Burkholderia ; Molecular Conformation ; Biofilms
    Chemical Substances Disaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1435-7
    ISSN 1873-426X ; 0008-6215
    ISSN (online) 1873-426X
    ISSN 0008-6215
    DOI 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108741
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Potential Application of Mindset Theory to Surgical Education.

    Coppersmith, Nathan A / Esposito, Andrew C / Yoo, Peter S

    Journal of surgical education

    2022  Volume 79, Issue 4, Page(s) 845–849

    Abstract: Mindset theory proposes that individuals hold a range of beliefs regarding the malleability of attributes such as intellect and skill. Within surgery, mindset theory has been discussed as a way of understanding achievement in both the cognitive and ... ...

    Abstract Mindset theory proposes that individuals hold a range of beliefs regarding the malleability of attributes such as intellect and skill. Within surgery, mindset theory has been discussed as a way of understanding achievement in both the cognitive and technical aspects of learning surgery. A review of the literature reveals a limited body of research that has addressed the mindsets of surgeons or by extension, tied those mindsets to outcomes. Within health professions education, mindset theory has been studied more broadly, but the benefits of mindset theory are largely assumed and drawn from education research regarding children and adolescents. Though mindset theory has gained traction, there has been debate regarding the traits associated with growth and fixed mindsets. The strongest evidence from primary and secondary education shows that low socioeconomic status and academically at-risk students can benefit the most from mindset interventions, and these findings may extend to surgical learning as well. Mindset theory offers an interesting lens to better understand surgical education, but more research is needed to characterize the mindsets of surgeons and understand how these mindsets influence performance and outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Income ; Learning ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2277538-9
    ISSN 1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
    ISSN (online) 1878-7452
    ISSN 1931-7204
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.03.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Tung et al.: Mir-17∼92 Confers Differential Vulnerability of Motor Neuron Subtypes to ALS-Associated Degeneration.

    Liu, Yangjian / Yoo, Andrew S

    Cell stem cell

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–166

    Abstract: An example of the peer review process for "Mir-17∼92 Confers Differential Vulnerability of Motor Neuron Subtypes to ALS-Associated Degeneration" (Tung et al., 2019) is presented here. ...

    Abstract An example of the peer review process for "Mir-17∼92 Confers Differential Vulnerability of Motor Neuron Subtypes to ALS-Associated Degeneration" (Tung et al., 2019) is presented here.
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Motor Neurons
    Chemical Substances MIRN17 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2375354-7
    ISSN 1875-9777 ; 1934-5909
    ISSN (online) 1875-9777
    ISSN 1934-5909
    DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: BTN1A1 is a novel immune checkpoint mutually exclusive to PD-L1.

    Kim, Young-Seung / Lee, Seung-Hoon / Park, Andrew H / Wu, Chunai / Hong, Bong-Ki / Jung, Hyunjin / Lin, Steven H / Yoo, Stephen S

    Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: Background: While Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is a potent antitumor treatment strategy, it is effective in only limited subsets of patients with cancer, emphasizing the need for the ... ...

    Abstract Background: While Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is a potent antitumor treatment strategy, it is effective in only limited subsets of patients with cancer, emphasizing the need for the identification of additional immune checkpoints. Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) has been reported to exhibit potential immunoregulatory activity, but its ability to function as an immune checkpoint remains to be systematically assessed, and the mechanisms underlying such activity have yet to be characterized.
    Methods: BTN1A1 expression was evaluated in primary tumor tissue samples, and its ability to suppress T-cell activation and T cell-dependent tumor clearance was examined. The relationship between BTN1A1 and PD-L1 expression was further characterized, followed by the development of a BTN1A1-specific antibody that was administered to tumor-bearing mice to test the amenability of this target to immune checkpoint inhibition.
    Results: BTN1A1 was confirmed to suppress T-cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Robust BTN1A1 expression was detected in a range of solid tumor tissue samples, and BTN1A1 expression was mutually exclusive with that of PD-L1 as a consequence of its inhibition of Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling-induced PD-L1 upregulation. Antibody-mediated BTN1A1 blockade suppressed tumor growth and enhanced immune cell infiltration in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice.
    Conclusion: Together, these results confirm that the potential of BTN1A1 is a bona fide immune checkpoint and a viable immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of individuals with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 refractory or resistant disease, opening new avenues to improving survival outcomes for patients with a range of cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Butyrophilins ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances B7-H1 Antigen ; BTN1A1 protein, human ; Butyrophilins ; CD274 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719863-7
    ISSN 2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
    ISSN (online) 2051-1426
    ISSN 2051-1426
    DOI 10.1136/jitc-2023-008303
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Video Coaching: A National Survey of Surgical Residency Program Directors.

    Esposito, Andrew C / Yoo, Peter S / Lipman, Jeremy M

    Journal of surgical education

    2021  Volume 79, Issue 3, Page(s) 708–716

    Abstract: Objective: Video coaching has been demonstrated to improve resident and attending skills and is overwhelmingly well received by the participants. However, misperceptions about its utility among those who do not use video coaching may be a barrier to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Video coaching has been demonstrated to improve resident and attending skills and is overwhelmingly well received by the participants. However, misperceptions about its utility among those who do not use video coaching may be a barrier to widespread implementation.
    Design: Cross-sectional web-based survey SETTING: National survey PARTICIPANTS: Surgical program director members of the Association of Program Directors of Surgery STUDY DESIGN: The survey was developed via a deductive approach after a literature review and was piloted with surgical attendings and residents. All Likert scale were averaged and comparisons between groups was performed via independent t-tests.
    Results: There were 52 responses from PDs. 27/52(51.9%) PDs reported their program supported video coaching of residents. PDs from residences with video coaching programs were more likely to believe that video coaching was useful in identifying their own strengths and weakness (p = 0.005), was a useful adjunct for resident feedback (p = 0.024), and a personal library of video recordings would be helpful (p = 0.015) when compared to PDs from residencies without video coaching. Programs without video coaching were more likely to believe barriers to implementation included it being ineffective (p = 0.024) and that the technology was unavailable (p = 0.006). Over 50% of respondents from both groups believed expense, difficulty with set up, time required, and patient privacy were "Very" or "Extremely" likely to be barriers to implementation.
    Conclusions: This is the first national survey of PDs regarding the use of video coaching. Residency programs without video coaching may underestimate the utility of video coaching in training surgical residents.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feedback ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Mentoring ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Video Recording
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2277538-9
    ISSN 1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
    ISSN (online) 1878-7452
    ISSN 1931-7204
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.11.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Minimizing Costs for Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Treatment: A Cost-Minimization Analysis.

    Federer, Andrew E / Yoo, Minkyoung / Stephens, Andrew S / Nelson, Richard E / Steadman, Jesse N / Tyser, Andrew R / Kazmers, Nikolas H

    The Journal of hand surgery

    2022  Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–18

    Abstract: Purpose: Dorsal wrist ganglions are treated commonly with aspiration, or open or arthroscopic excision in operating room (OR) or procedure room (PR) settings. As it remains unclear which treatment strategy is most cost-effective in yielding cyst ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Dorsal wrist ganglions are treated commonly with aspiration, or open or arthroscopic excision in operating room (OR) or procedure room (PR) settings. As it remains unclear which treatment strategy is most cost-effective in yielding cyst resolution, our purpose was to perform a formal cost-minimization analysis from the societal perspective in this context.
    Methods: A microsimulation decision analytic model evaluating 5 treatment strategies for dorsal wrist ganglions was developed, ending in either resolution or a single failed open revision surgical excision. Strategies included immediate open excision in the OR, immediate open excision in the PR, immediate arthroscopic excision in the OR, or 1 or 2 aspirations before each of the surgical options. Recurrence and complications rates were pooled from the literature for each treatment type. One-way sensitivity and threshold analyses were performed.
    Results: The most cost-minimal strategy was 2 aspiration attempts before open surgical excision in the PR setting ($1,603 ± 1,595 per resolved case), followed by 2 aspirations before open excision in the OR ($1,969 ± 2,165 per resolved case). Immediate arthroscopic excision was the costliest strategy ($6,539 ± 264 per resolved case). Single aspiration preoperatively was more cost-minimal than any form of immediate surgery ($2,918 ± 306 and $4,188 ± 306 per resolved case performed in the PR and OR, respectively).
    Conclusions: From the societal perspective, performing 2 aspirations before surgical excision in the PR setting was the most cost-minimal treatment strategy, although in reference to surgeons who do not perform this procedure in the PR setting, open excision in the OR was nearly as cost-effective. As patient preferences may preclude routinely performing 2 aspirations, performing at least 1 aspiration before surgical excision improves the cost-effectiveness of dorsal wrist ganglions treatment.
    Type of study/level of evidence: Economic Decision Analysis II.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wrist/surgery ; Arthroscopy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Ganglion Cysts/surgery ; Costs and Cost Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605716-0
    ISSN 1531-6564 ; 0363-5023
    ISSN (online) 1531-6564
    ISSN 0363-5023
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.09.002
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