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Article ; Online: Abrupt decreases in infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols.

Löndahl, Jakob / Alsved, Malin

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 29, Page(s) e2208742119

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/transmission ; Humans ; Microbial Viability ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/growth & development ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2208742119
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Article ; Online: An experimental study on lung deposition of inhaled 2 μm particles in relation to lung characteristics and deposition models.

Rissler, Jenny / Sjögren, Madeleine Peterson / Linell, Julia / Hurtig, Amalia Larsson / Wollmer, Per / Löndahl, Jakob

Particle and fibre toxicology

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 40

Abstract: Background: The understanding of inhaled particle respiratory tract deposition is a key link to understand the health effects of particles or the efficiency for medical drug delivery via the lung. However, there are few experimental data on particle ... ...

Abstract	Background: The understanding of inhaled particle respiratory tract deposition is a key link to understand the health effects of particles or the efficiency for medical drug delivery via the lung. However, there are few experimental data on particle respiratory tract deposition, and the existing data deviates considerably when comparing results for particles > 1 μm. Methods: We designed an experimental set-up to measure deposition in the respiratory tract for particles > 1 μm, more specifically 2.3 μm, with careful consideration to minimise foreseen errors. We measured the deposition in seventeen healthy adults (21-68 years). The measurements were performed at tidal breathing, during three consecutive 5-minute periods while logging breathing patterns. Pulmonary function tests were performed, including the new airspace dimension assessment (AiDA) method measuring distal lung airspace radius (r Results: The measured fractional deposition for 2.3 μm particles was 0.60 ± 0.14, which is significantly higher than predicted by any of the models tested, ranging from 0.37 ± 0.08 to 0.53 ± 0.09. The multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model most closely predicted the measured deposition when using the new PNNL lung model. The individual variability in measured particle deposition was best explained by breathing pattern and distal airspace radius (r Conclusions: Whole lung models need to be tuned and improved to predict the respiratory tract particle deposition of micron-sized particles, and to capture individual variations - a variation that is known to be higher for aged and diseased lungs. Further, the results support the hypothesis that the AiDA method measures dimensions in the peripheral lung and that r
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Particle Size ; Lung ; Respiration ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ; Aerosols
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2170936-1
ISSN	1743-8977 ; 1743-8977
ISSN (online)	1743-8977
ISSN	1743-8977
DOI	10.1186/s12989-023-00551-9
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Article ; Online: Infectivity of exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols is sufficient to transmit covid-19 within minutes.

Alsved, Malin / Nyström, Kristina / Thuresson, Sara / Nygren, David / Patzi-Churqui, Marianela / Hussein, Tareq / Fraenkel, Carl-Johan / Medstrand, Patrik / Löndahl, Jakob

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21245

Abstract: Exhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious viruses in ...

Abstract	Exhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious viruses in exhaled aerosol from individuals within their first days after symptom onset from covid-19. Six aerosol samples from three individuals were culturable, of which five were successfully quantified using TCID
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ; Exhalation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-47829-8
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Article: Airspace Dimension Assessment for early detection of lung function impairment in the peripheral airways of firefighters.

Kisiel, Marta A / Cai, Gui-Hong / Petersson Sjögren, Madeleine / Löndahl, Jakob / Jakobsson, Jonas / Wollmer, Per / Malinovschi, Andrei / Svartengren, Magnus

ERJ open research

2023 Volume 9, Issue 2

Abstract: Introduction: Firefighters have increased risk of chronic respiratory disease. Standard clinical techniques used in medical checkups may not detect the earliest microstructural changes in peripheral airways. A new technique called Airspace Dimension ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Firefighters have increased risk of chronic respiratory disease. Standard clinical techniques used in medical checkups may not detect the earliest microstructural changes in peripheral airways. A new technique called Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) has been shown to enable early detection of emphysema in COPD. This method may be useful in the occupational setting to detect early pulmonary changes and enable prevention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether AiDA detects changes in the most peripheral airways of firefighters. Methods: AiDA, measuring the effective airspace radius ( Results: There were significant differences in Conclusion: AiDA parameters can provide information on early pulmonary peripheral changes that may not be seen with standard techniques used in screening of pulmonary function.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2827830-6
ISSN	2312-0541
ISSN	2312-0541
DOI	10.1183/23120541.00504-2022
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Article ; Online: Size distribution of exhaled aerosol particles containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Alsved, Malin / Nygren, David / Thuresson, Sara / Fraenkel, Carl-Johan / Medstrand, Patrik / Löndahl, Jakob

Infectious diseases (London, England)

2022 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 158–163

Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled aerosols is considered an important contributor to the spread of COVID-19. However, characterizing the size distribution of virus-containing aerosol particles has been challenging as high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in ...

Abstract	Background: SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled aerosols is considered an important contributor to the spread of COVID-19. However, characterizing the size distribution of virus-containing aerosol particles has been challenging as high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled air is mainly present close to symptom onset. We present a case study of a person with COVID-19 who was able to participate in extensive measurements of exhaled aerosols already on the day of symptom onset and then for the following three days. Methods: Aerosol collection was performed using an eight-stage impactor while the subject was breathing, talking and singing, for 30 min each, once every day. In addition, nasopharyngeal samples, saliva samples, room air samples and information on symptom manifestations were collected every day. Samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Results: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in seven of the eight particle size fractions, from 0.34 to >8.1 µm, with the highest concentrations found in 0.94-2.8 µm particles. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was highest on the day of symptom onset, and declined for each day thereafter. Conclusion: Our data showed that 90% of the exhaled SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in aerosol particles <4.5 µm, indicating the importance of small particles for the transmission of COVID-19 close to symptom onset. These results are important for our understanding of airborne transmission, for developing accurate models and for selecting appropriate mitigation strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; RNA, Viral ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2839775-7
ISSN	2374-4243 ; 2374-4235
ISSN (online)	2374-4243
ISSN	2374-4235
DOI	10.1080/23744235.2022.2140822
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Article ; Online: A novel in-situ method to determine the respiratory tract deposition of carbonaceous particles reveals dangers of public commuting in highly polluted megacity.

Madueño, Leizel / Kecorius, Simonas / Löndahl, Jakob / Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen / Wiedensohler, Alfred / Pöhlker, Mira

Particle and fibre toxicology

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 61

Abstract: Background: Exposure to air pollutants is one of the major environmental health risks faced by populations globally. Information about inhaled particle deposition dose is crucial in establishing the dose-response function for assessing health-related ... ...

Abstract	Background: Exposure to air pollutants is one of the major environmental health risks faced by populations globally. Information about inhaled particle deposition dose is crucial in establishing the dose-response function for assessing health-related effects due to exposure to air pollution. Objective: This study aims to quantify the respiratory tract deposition (RTD) of equivalent black carbon (BC) particles in healthy young adults during a real-world commuting scenario, analyze factors affecting RTD of BC, and provide key parameters for the assessment of RTD. Methods: A novel in situ method was applied to experimentally determine the RTD of BC particles among subjects in the highly polluted megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines. Exposure measurements were made for 40 volunteers during public transport and walking. Results: The observed BC exposure concentration was up to 17-times higher than in developed regions. The deposition dose rate (DDR) of BC was up to 3 times higher during commute inside a public transport compared to walking (11.6 versus 4.4 μg hr Conclusions: Commuting by open-sided public transport, commonly used in developing regions, poses a significant health risk due to acquiring extremely high doses of carcinogenic traffic-related pollutants. There is an urgent need to drastically update air pollution mitigation strategies for reduction of dangerously high emissions of BC in urban setting in developing regions. The presented mobile measurement set-up to determine respiratory tract deposition dose is a practical and cost-effective tool that can be used to investigate respiratory deposition in challenging environments.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Carbon ; Humans ; Philippines ; Respiratory System ; Soot/analysis ; Soot/toxicity ; Transportation ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Vehicle Emissions/toxicity ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Soot ; Vehicle Emissions ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2170936-1
ISSN	1743-8977 ; 1743-8977
ISSN (online)	1743-8977
ISSN	1743-8977
DOI	10.1186/s12989-022-00501-x
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 in Exhaled Aerosol Particles from COVID-19 Cases and Its Association to Household Transmission.

Alsved, Malin / Nygren, David / Thuresson, Sara / Medstrand, Patrik / Fraenkel, Carl Johan / Löndahl, Jakob

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2022 Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) e50–e56

Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission via exhaled aerosol particles has been considered an important route for the spread of infection, especially during super-spreading events involving loud talking or singing. However, no study ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission via exhaled aerosol particles has been considered an important route for the spread of infection, especially during super-spreading events involving loud talking or singing. However, no study has previously linked measurements of viral aerosol emissions to transmission rates. Methods: During February-March 2021, COVID-19 cases that were close to symptom onset were visited with a mobile laboratory for collection of exhaled aerosol particles during breathing, talking, and singing, respectively, and of nasopharyngeal and saliva samples. Aerosol samples were collected using a BioSpot-VIVAS and a NIOSH bc-251 2-stage cyclone, and all samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection. We compared transmission rates between households with aerosol-positive and aerosol-negative index cases. Results: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in at least 1 aerosol sample from 19 of 38 (50%) included cases. The odds ratio (OR) of finding positive aerosol samples decreased with each day from symptom onset (OR 0.55, 95 confidence interval [CI] .30-1.0, P = .049). The highest number of positive aerosol samples were from singing, 16 (42%), followed by talking, 11 (30%), and the least from breathing, 3 (8%). Index cases were identified for 13 households with 31 exposed contacts. Higher transmission rates were observed in households with aerosol-positive index cases, 10/16 infected (63%), compared to households with aerosol-negative index cases, 4/15 infected (27%) (χ2 test, P = .045). Conclusions: COVID-19 cases were more likely to exhale SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosol particles close to symptom onset and during singing or talking as compared to breathing. This study supports that individuals with SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled aerosols are more likely to transmit COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciac202
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Article ; Online: Individual airborne characteristics of dog allergens.

Wintersand, Anna / Alsved, Malin / Jakobsson, Jonas / Sadrizadeh, Sasan / Grönlund, Hans / Löndahl, Jakob / Gafvelin, Guro

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

2021 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 1221–1224

MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Dogs ; Dust/analysis ; Dust/immunology ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Dust
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645204-8
ISSN	1365-2222 ; 0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
ISSN (online)	1365-2222
ISSN	0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
DOI	10.1111/cea.13863
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Article ; Online: Charting the human respiratory tract with airborne nanoparticles: evaluation of the Airspace Dimension Assessment technique.

Jakobsson, Jonas / Wollmer, Per / Löndahl, Jakob

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2018 Volume 125, Issue 6, Page(s) 1832–1840

Abstract: Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) is a technique to assess lung morphology by measuring lung deposition of inhaled nanoparticles. Nanoparticles deposit in the lungs predominately by diffusion, and average diffusion distances, corresponding to ... ...

Abstract	Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) is a technique to assess lung morphology by measuring lung deposition of inhaled nanoparticles. Nanoparticles deposit in the lungs predominately by diffusion, and average diffusion distances, corresponding to effective airspace radii (
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00410.2018
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Article ; Online: Infectivity of exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols is sufficient to transmit covid-19 within minutes

Malin Alsved / Kristina Nyström / Sara Thuresson / David Nygren / Marianela Patzi-Churqui / Tareq Hussein / Carl-Johan Fraenkel / Patrik Medstrand / Jakob Löndahl

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Exhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Exhaled SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols contributed significantly to the rapid and vast spread of covid-19. However, quantitative experimental data on the infectivity of such aerosols is missing. Here, we quantified emission rates of infectious viruses in exhaled aerosol from individuals within their first days after symptom onset from covid-19. Six aerosol samples from three individuals were culturable, of which five were successfully quantified using TCID50. The source strength of the three individuals was highest during singing, when they exhaled 4, 36, or 127 TCID50/s, respectively. Calculations with an indoor air transmission model showed that if an infected individual with this emission rate entered a room, a susceptible person would inhale an infectious dose within 6 to 37 min in a room with normal ventilation. Thus, our data show that exhaled aerosols from a single person can transmit covid-19 to others within minutes at normal indoor conditions.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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