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  1. Article ; Online: Can the light of immunometabolism cut through "brain fog"?

    Hornig, Mady

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2020  Volume 130, Issue 3, Page(s) 1102–1105

    Abstract: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a highly debilitating disease with heterogeneous constitutional and neurological complaints. Infection-like symptoms often herald disease onset, but no pathogen or immune defect has been ... ...

    Abstract Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a highly debilitating disease with heterogeneous constitutional and neurological complaints. Infection-like symptoms often herald disease onset, but no pathogen or immune defect has been conclusively linked. In this issue of the JCI, Mandarano et al. illuminate bioenergetic derangements of ME/CFS T cell subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had impaired resting glycolysis. CD8+ cells additionally showed activation-related metabolic remodeling deficits and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential; a subset had increased resting mitochondrial mass. Immune senescence and exhaustion paradigms offer only partial explanations. Hence, unique mechanisms of disrupted immunometabolism may underlie the complex neuroimmune dysfunction of ME/CFS.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI134985
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.

    Choutka, Jan / Jansari, Viraj / Hornig, Mady / Iwasaki, Akiko

    Nature medicine

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 1723

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-022-01952-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: THE AUTHORS REPLY.

    Gilman, Stephen E / Hornig, Mady

    American journal of epidemiology

    2020  Volume 190, Issue 1, Page(s) 185–186

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwaa101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book: Treatment resistant depression

    Hornig-Rohan, Mädy

    (The psychiatric clinics of North America ; 19,2)

    1996  

    Author's details Mädy Hornig-Rohan ..., guest ed
    Series title The psychiatric clinics of North America ; 19,2
    Psychiatric clinics of North America
    Collection Psychiatric clinics of North America
    Keywords Depressive Disorder ; Depression
    Subject Depressionen
    Language English
    Size XII S., S. 179 - 412 : graph. Darst.
    Publisher Saunders
    Publishing place Philadelphia u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT007213776
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  5. Article ; Online: Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.

    Choutka, Jan / Jansari, Viraj / Hornig, Mady / Iwasaki, Akiko

    Nature medicine

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 911–923

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is not unique in its ability to cause post-acute sequelae; certain acute infections have long been associated with an unexplained chronic disability in a minority of patients. These post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) represent a ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is not unique in its ability to cause post-acute sequelae; certain acute infections have long been associated with an unexplained chronic disability in a minority of patients. These post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) represent a substantial healthcare burden, but there is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms, representing a significant blind spot in the field of medicine. The relatively similar symptom profiles of individual PAISs, irrespective of the infectious agent, as well as the overlap of clinical features with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggest the potential involvement of a common etiopathogenesis. In this Review, we summarize what is known about unexplained PAISs, provide context for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), and delineate the need for basic biomedical research into the underlying mechanisms behind this group of enigmatic chronic illnesses.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; Disease Progression ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/diagnosis ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/etiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Proteomics and cytokine analyses distinguish myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome cases from controls.

    Giloteaux, Ludovic / Li, Jiayin / Hornig, Mady / Lipkin, W Ian / Ruppert, David / Hanson, Maureen R

    Journal of translational medicine

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 322

    Abstract: Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by unexplained persistent fatigue and other features including cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and immune ... ...

    Abstract Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by unexplained persistent fatigue and other features including cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and immune system dysfunction. Cytokines are present in plasma and encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), but there have been only a few reports of EV characteristics and cargo in ME/CFS. Several small studies have previously described plasma proteins or protein pathways that are associated with ME/CFS.
    Methods: We prepared extracellular vesicles (EVs) from frozen plasma samples from a cohort of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) cases and controls with prior published plasma cytokine and plasma proteomics data. The cytokine content of the plasma-derived extracellular vesicles was determined by a multiplex assay and differences between patients and controls were assessed. We then performed multi-omic statistical analyses that considered not only this new data, but extensive clinical data describing the health of the subjects.
    Results: ME/CFS cases exhibited greater size and concentration of EVs in plasma. Assays of cytokine content in EVs revealed IL2 was significantly higher in cases. We observed numerous correlations among EV cytokines, among plasma cytokines, and among plasma proteins from mass spectrometry proteomics. Significant correlations between clinical data and protein levels suggest roles of particular proteins and pathways in the disease. For example, higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα) were correlated with greater physical and fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS cases. Higher serine protease SERPINA5, which is involved in hemostasis, was correlated with higher SF-36 general health scores in ME/CFS. Machine learning classifiers were able to identify a list of 20 proteins that could discriminate between cases and controls, with XGBoost providing the best classification with 86.1% accuracy and a cross-validated AUROC value of 0.947. Random Forest distinguished cases from controls with 79.1% accuracy and an AUROC value of 0.891 using only 7 proteins.
    Conclusions: These findings add to the substantial number of objective differences in biomolecules that have been identified in individuals with ME/CFS. The observed correlations of proteins important in immune responses and hemostasis with clinical data further implicates a disturbance of these functions in ME/CFS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cytokines ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; Proteomics ; Cell Communication ; Case-Control Studies
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2118570-0
    ISSN 1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
    ISSN (online) 1479-5876
    ISSN 1479-5876
    DOI 10.1186/s12967-023-04179-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Identification of CD8 T-cell dysfunction associated with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID and treatment with a nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen agent in a retrospective case series.

    Gil, Anna / Hoag, George E / Salerno, John P / Hornig, Mady / Klimas, Nancy / Selin, Liisa K

    Brain, behavior, & immunity - health

    2023  Volume 36, Page(s) 100720

    Abstract: Background: Patients with post-acute sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC, i.e., Long COVID) have a symptom complex highly analogous to many features of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with post-acute sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC, i.e., Long COVID) have a symptom complex highly analogous to many features of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggesting they may share some aspects of pathogenesis in these similar disorders. ME/CFS is a complex disease affecting numerous organ systems and biological processes and is often preceded by an infection-like episode. It is postulated that the chronic manifestations of illness may result from an altered host response to infection or inability to resolve inflammation, as is being reported in Long COVID. The immunopathogenesis of both disorders is still poorly understood. Here, we show data that suggest Long COVID and ME/CFS may be due to an aberrant response to an immunological trigger-like infection, resulting in a dysregulated immune system with CD8 T-cell dysfunction reminiscent of some aspects of T-cell clonal exhaustion, a phenomenon associated with oxidative stress. As there is an urgent need for diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for these two related disabling disorders, here, in a retrospective case series, we have also identified a potential nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen treatment that has evidence of a good safety profile. This nebulized agent is comprised of five ingredients previously reported individually to relieve oxidative stress, attenuate NF-κB signaling, and/or to act directly to inhibit pathogens, including viruses. Administration of this treatment by nebulizer results in rapid access of small doses of well-studied antioxidants and agents with anti-pathogen potential to the lungs; components of this nebulized agent are also likely to be distributed systemically, with potential to enter the central nervous system.
    Methods: and Findings: We conducted an analysis of CD8 T-cell function and severity of symptoms by self-report questionnaires in ME/CFS, Long COVID and healthy controls. We developed a CD8 T-cell functional assay, assessing CD8 T-cell dysfunction by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in a group of ME/CFS (n = 12) and Long COVID patients (n = 8), comparing to healthy controls (HC) with similar age and sex (n = 10). Magnet-enriched fresh CD8 T-cells in both patient groups had a significantly diminished capacity to produce both cytokines, IFNγ or TNFα, after PMA stimulation when compared to HC. The symptom severity questionnaire showed similar symptom profiles for the two disorders. Fortuitously, through a retrospective case series, we were able to examine the ICS and questionnaire data of 4 ME/CFS and 4 Long COVID patients in conjunction with their treatment (3-15 months). In parallel with the treatment pursued electively by participants in this retrospective case series, there was an increase in CD8 T-cell IFNγ and TNFα production and a decrease in overall self-reported symptom severity score by 54%. No serious treatment-associated side effects or laboratory anomalies were noted in these patients.
    Conclusions: Here, in this small study, we present two observations that appear potentially fundamental to the pathogenesis and treatment of Long COVID and ME/CFS. The first is that both disorders appear to be characterized by dysfunctional CD8 T-cells with severe deficiencies in their abilities to produce IFNγ and TNFα. The second is that in a small retrospective Long COVID and ME/CFS case series, this immune dysfunction and patient health improved in parallel with treatment with an immunomodulatory, antioxidant pharmacological treatment with anticipated anti-pathogen activity. This work provides evidence of the potential utility of a biomarker, CD8 T-cell dysfunction, and suggests the potential for benefit from a new nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen treatment. These immune biomarker data may help build capacity for improved diagnosis and tracking of treatment outcomes during clinical trials for both Long COVID and ME/CFS while providing clues to new treatment avenues that suggest potential efficacy for both conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-3546
    ISSN (online) 2666-3546
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100720
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Invited Commentary: The Disillusionment of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Epidemiology.

    Gilman, Stephen E / Hornig, Mady

    American journal of epidemiology

    2019  Volume 189, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–5

    Abstract: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) model promises a greater understanding of early development but has left unresolved the balance of risks and benefits to offspring of medication use during pregnancy. Masarwa et al. (Am J Epidemiol. ...

    Abstract The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) model promises a greater understanding of early development but has left unresolved the balance of risks and benefits to offspring of medication use during pregnancy. Masarwa et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(8):1817-1827) conducted a meta-analysis of the association between in utero acetaminophen exposure and risks of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A challenge of meta-analyzing results from observational studies is that summary measures of risk do not correspond to well-defined interventions when the individual studies adjusted for different covariate sets, which was the case here. This challenge limits the usefulness of observational meta-analyses for inferences about etiology and treatment planning. With that limitation understood, Masarwa et al. reported a 20%-30% higher risk of ADHD and ASD following prenatal acetaminophen exposure. Surprisingly, most of the original studies did not report diagnoses of ADHD or ASD. As a result, their summary estimates of risk are not informative about children's likelihood of ADHD and ASD diagnoses. The long-term promise of DOHaD remains hopeful, but more effort is needed in the short-term to critically evaluate observational studies suggesting risks associated with medications used to treat conditions during pregnancy that might have adverse consequences for a developing fetus.
    MeSH term(s) Acetaminophen ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwz214
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Proteomics and cytokine analyses distinguish myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome cases from controls

    Ludovic Giloteaux / Jiayin Li / Mady Hornig / W. Ian Lipkin / David Ruppert / Maureen R. Hanson

    Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 22

    Abstract: Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by unexplained persistent fatigue and other features including cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by unexplained persistent fatigue and other features including cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and immune system dysfunction. Cytokines are present in plasma and encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), but there have been only a few reports of EV characteristics and cargo in ME/CFS. Several small studies have previously described plasma proteins or protein pathways that are associated with ME/CFS. Methods We prepared extracellular vesicles (EVs) from frozen plasma samples from a cohort of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) cases and controls with prior published plasma cytokine and plasma proteomics data. The cytokine content of the plasma-derived extracellular vesicles was determined by a multiplex assay and differences between patients and controls were assessed. We then performed multi-omic statistical analyses that considered not only this new data, but extensive clinical data describing the health of the subjects. Results ME/CFS cases exhibited greater size and concentration of EVs in plasma. Assays of cytokine content in EVs revealed IL2 was significantly higher in cases. We observed numerous correlations among EV cytokines, among plasma cytokines, and among plasma proteins from mass spectrometry proteomics. Significant correlations between clinical data and protein levels suggest roles of particular proteins and pathways in the disease. For example, higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα) were correlated with greater physical and fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS cases. Higher serine protease SERPINA5, which is involved in hemostasis, was correlated with higher SF-36 general health scores in ME/CFS. Machine learning classifiers were able to identify a list of 20 proteins that could discriminate between cases and controls, with XGBoost ...
    Keywords Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ; Extracellular vesicles ; Plasma ; Proteomics ; Cytokines ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: The role of microbes and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness.

    Hornig, Mady

    Current opinion in rheumatology

    2013  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 488–795

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To illustrate how microbes might participate in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness by triggering the production of autoantibodies that bind to brain targets.: Recent findings: Some studies link exposure to infectious ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To illustrate how microbes might participate in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness by triggering the production of autoantibodies that bind to brain targets.
    Recent findings: Some studies link exposure to infectious agents to development of brain disorders; others have identified autoantibodies in individuals with these conditions without finding evidence of pathogens. Neither line of work demonstrates consistent associations between a specific neuropsychiatric disease and a particular environmental trigger or immune marker. Growing evidence suggests that the microbiome conditions host immunity to microbes and xenobiotics, and regulates autoimmune responses that can affect the central nervous system (CNS). The presence of CNS receptors for cytokines and other immune molecules underscores the importance of brain-immune crosstalk in maintaining normal function. An increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity, exposure to pathogens prenatally and postnatally, and findings of antibrain antibodies is common in disorders as diverse as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism, and suggests that differences in exposure timing and genetic vulnerability toward autoimmunity are important determinants of neuropsychiatric outcomes.
    Summary: Microbes, both pathogenic and commensal, can induce autoantibodies that bind to brain and affect behavior in susceptible hosts. Interventions that correct the microbial balance or diminish autoantibody binding may be effective in diverse neuropsychiatric conditions mediated by autoimmunity.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Autoimmune Diseases/microbiology ; Autoimmune Diseases/psychology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology ; Communicable Diseases/immunology ; Communicable Diseases/psychology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/immunology ; Mental Disorders/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Molecular Mimicry/immunology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1045317-9
    ISSN 1531-6963 ; 1040-8711
    ISSN (online) 1531-6963
    ISSN 1040-8711
    DOI 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32836208de
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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