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Article ; Online: Analyzing self-evaluation capacity scores related to infectious disease control in International Health Regulations during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic

Fauzi Budi Satria / Feng-Jen Tsai / Battsetseg Turbat

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to identify changes in the average score of countries' International Health Regulation (IHR) self-evaluation capacity (e-SPAR) in 2020 compared to 2019, and the factors associated with these changes. We collected the data from ... ...

Abstract	Abstract This study aimed to identify changes in the average score of countries' International Health Regulation (IHR) self-evaluation capacity (e-SPAR) in 2020 compared to 2019, and the factors associated with these changes. We collected the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) website in May 2021, then calculated the significant differences between the e-SPAR score in both years. Next, we conducted a test to identify the association between changes in member states' e-SPAR capacity scores and their COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR), Human Development Index, Civil Liberties, and Government Effectiveness. The results showed that the average e-SPAR scores in 2020 were significantly higher than in 2019. Among the 154 countries, we included in this study, the scores of 98 countries increased in 2020, of which 37.75% were lower-middle-income countries. Meanwhile, among the 56 countries whose scores did not increase, 26 (46.42%) were high-income countries. The COVID-19 CFR was significantly associated with the changes in e-SPAR scores of 154 countries (p < 0.01), as well as the countries whose scores increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we consider e-SPAR to still be a useful tool to facilitate countries in monitoring their International Health Regulation (IHR) core capacity progress, especially in infectious disease control to prepare for future pandemics.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Attitudes towards Mandatory Occupational Vaccination and Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccine during the First Pandemic Wave among Mongolian Healthcare Workers

Battsetseg Turbat / Bold Sharavyn / Feng-Jen Tsai

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 329, p

A Cross-Sectional Survey

2022 Volume 329

Abstract: Mandatory occupational vaccination for health care workers (HCWs) is a debatable issue, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine Mongolian HCWs’ attitudes towards mandatory occupational vaccination, the intention to get the ... ...

Abstract	Mandatory occupational vaccination for health care workers (HCWs) is a debatable issue, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine Mongolian HCWs’ attitudes towards mandatory occupational vaccination, the intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine, and the associated factors. A cross-sectional study based on an online survey with a convenience sampling strategy was conducted from February to April 2021 among 238 Mongolia HCWs. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed for analysis. While only 39.9% of HCWs were aware of recommended occupational vaccinations, they highly agreed with the mandatory occupational vaccination on HCWs (93.7%). The agreement rate is significantly higher than their attitude toward general vaccination (93.7% vs. 77.8%). HCW’s willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine was high (67.2%). HCWs aged 26–35 years old who worked in tertiary level hospitals had less willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine (50%). Participants with lower confidence in the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (ORs = 15.659) and less positive attitudes toward general vaccination (ORs = 5.288) were less likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Mongolian HCWs’ agreement rate of mandatory occupational vaccination is higher than other countries. Their intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine is high and associated with confidence in the effectiveness of the vaccine.
Keywords	healthcare workers ; occupational vaccination ; COVID-19 ; vaccine ; attitude towards a vaccine ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Climate change and mortality rates of COPD and asthma: A global analysis from 2000 to 2018.

Tran, Huan Minh / Chuang, Ting-Wu / Chuang, Hsiao-Chi / Tsai, Feng-Jen

Environmental research

2023 Volume 233, Page(s) 116448

Abstract: Background: Climate change plays a significant role in global health threats, particularly with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, but the long-term global-scale impact of climate change on these ... ...

Abstract	Background: Climate change plays a significant role in global health threats, particularly with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, but the long-term global-scale impact of climate change on these diseases' mortality remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of COPD and asthma at national levels. Methods: We used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data of ASMR of COPD and asthma from 2000 to 2018. The climate change index was represented as the deviance percentage of temperature (DPT) and relative humidity (DPRH), calculated based on 19-year temperature and humidity averages. Annual temperature, RH, and fine particulate matter (PM Results: After adjusting for annual PM Conclusion: Climate change adaptation and mitigation could be crucial in reducing the associated COPD and asthma mortality rates, particularly in regions most vulnerable to temperature and humidity fluctuations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Climate Change ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Respiration Disorders/epidemiology ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Global Health ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116448
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Article ; Online: Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported international health regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes

Feng-Jen Tsai / Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul

BMC Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods Countries’ self-reported assessments ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR = 2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR = 2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes. Conclusions ...
Keywords	International health regulations (IHR) ; International health regulations monitoring tool (IHRMT) ; ProMed-mail ; Self-report ; Core capacity in infectious disease control ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Is countries’ transparency associated with gaps between countries’ self and external evaluations for IHR core capacity?

Feng-Jen Tsai / Battsetseg Turbat

Globalization and Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate the gap between countries’ self-evaluation and external evaluation regarding core capacity of infectious disease control required by International Health Regulations and the influence factors of the gap. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate the gap between countries’ self-evaluation and external evaluation regarding core capacity of infectious disease control required by International Health Regulations and the influence factors of the gap. Methods We collected countries’ self-evaluated scores (International Health Regulations Monitoring tool, IHRMT) of 2016 and 2017, and external evaluation scores (Joint External Evaluation, JEE) from WHO website on 4rd and 27rd November, 2018. There were 127 and 163 countries with IHRMT scores in 2016 and in 2017, and 74 countries with JEE scores included in the analysis. The gap between countries’ self-evaluation and external evaluation was represented by the difference between condensed IHR scores and JEE. Civil liberties (CL) scores were collected as indicators of the transparency of each country. The Human Development Index (HDI) and data indicating the density of physicians and nurses (HWD) were collected to reflect countries’ development and health workforce statuses. Then, chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine the correlation between the gap of IHRMT and JEE, and civil liberties, human development, and health workforce status. Results Countries’ self-evaluation scores significantly decreased from 2016 to 2017. Countries’ external evaluation scores are consistently 1 to 1.5 lower than self-evaluation scores. There were significantly more countries with high HDI status, high CL status and high HWD status in groups with bigger gap between IHRMT and JEE. And countries with higher HDI status presented a higher risk of having bigger gap between countries’ self and external scores (OR = 3.181). Conclusion Our study result indicated that countries’ transparency represented by CL status do play a role in the gap between IHR and JEE scores. But HDI status is the key factor which significantly associated with the gap. The main reason for the gap in the current world is the different interpretation of evaluation of high HDI countries, though ...
Keywords	Transparency ; International health regulations 2005 (IHR 2005) ; Global health security ; Self-evaluation ; Joint external evaluation (JEE) ; Civil liberties ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trade agreements and tobacco control policy: analysis of the impact of FCTC on regulatory contents of trade agreements from 2001 to 2019.

Chen, Tzu-Ying / Lin, Ying-Jun / Chiang, Tung-Liang / Tsai, Feng-Jen

Globalization and health

2023 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 77

Abstract: Background: This study aims to analyze the impact of Framework of Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) on regulatory contents of trade agreements from 2001 to 2019.: Methods: A search of trade agreements from'WTO Regional Free Trade Agreement ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aims to analyze the impact of Framework of Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) on regulatory contents of trade agreements from 2001 to 2019. Methods: A search of trade agreements from'WTO Regional Free Trade Agreement Database' using keywords including "tobacco", "cigarette", "smoking" and "FCTC" from May to August 2020 resulted in a total sample of 268 trade agreements, from which 69 trade agreements were coded and analyzed. Provisions in trade agreements, identified via the aforementioned keywords, were categorized into 6 trade measures. The word counts of the provisions containing; FCTC; were calculated. Chi-square tests were applied to analyze the differences of regulatory patterns between different time frames. The import and export values (USD) of tobacco products under trade agreements containing the term "FCTC" were further collected from the "International Trade Statistics 2001-2020" for understanding the impact of the provision on the trade flow. Results: Among 69 agreements, the percentage of trade agreements containing keyword as "FCTC" increased significantly from 0% to 2011 to 12% after 2011. A significant decrease of using trade measures as "the exclusion list" was found after 2011 (from 10% to 0). The word counts of provisions containing; FCTC; increased from 24 words in 2011 to 164 words in 2018, and the content of the provisions became more concrete over time. There are six trade agreements containing "FCTC", and all these 6 agreements were ratified by European Union (EU). Despite EU ratified trade agreements with "FCTC", the import and export values of tobacco products between EU and the other party countries increased with time. But the gap of average trade values between trade agreements with and without "FCTC" being widened with time. Conclusions: As a first study evaluated the impact of FCTC on regulatory contents of trade agreements, our study results showed that after countries signed trade agreements containing keyword FCTC, the regulatory contents changed significantly. Further studies are recommended to understand the reason and criteria for incorporating FCTC provisions into trade agreements, especially in the EU.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tobacco Control ; Tobacco Industry ; Commerce ; Smoking Prevention ; Internationality ; Tobacco Products ; Policy ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185774-X
ISSN	1744-8603 ; 1744-8603
ISSN (online)	1744-8603
ISSN	1744-8603
DOI	10.1186/s12992-023-00979-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analyzing self-evaluation capacity scores related to infectious disease control in International Health Regulations during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic.

Satria, Fauzi Budi / Tsai, Feng-Jen / Turbat, Battsetseg

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 15025

Abstract: This study aimed to identify changes in the average score of countries' International Health Regulation (IHR) self-evaluation capacity (e-SPAR) in 2020 compared to 2019, and the factors associated with these changes. We collected the data from the World ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to identify changes in the average score of countries' International Health Regulation (IHR) self-evaluation capacity (e-SPAR) in 2020 compared to 2019, and the factors associated with these changes. We collected the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) website in May 2021, then calculated the significant differences between the e-SPAR score in both years. Next, we conducted a test to identify the association between changes in member states' e-SPAR capacity scores and their COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR), Human Development Index, Civil Liberties, and Government Effectiveness. The results showed that the average e-SPAR scores in 2020 were significantly higher than in 2019. Among the 154 countries, we included in this study, the scores of 98 countries increased in 2020, of which 37.75% were lower-middle-income countries. Meanwhile, among the 56 countries whose scores did not increase, 26 (46.42%) were high-income countries. The COVID-19 CFR was significantly associated with the changes in e-SPAR scores of 154 countries (p < 0.01), as well as the countries whose scores increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we consider e-SPAR to still be a useful tool to facilitate countries in monitoring their International Health Regulation (IHR) core capacity progress, especially in infectious disease control to prepare for future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Disease Outbreaks ; Global Health ; Humans ; International Health Regulations ; Pandemics ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-19361-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Is countries' transparency associated with gaps between countries' self and external evaluations for IHR core capacity?

Tsai, Feng-Jen / Turbat, Battsetseg

Globalization and health

2020 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Background: This study aims to evaluate the gap between countries' self-evaluation and external evaluation regarding core capacity of infectious disease control required by International Health Regulations and the influence factors of the gap.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aims to evaluate the gap between countries' self-evaluation and external evaluation regarding core capacity of infectious disease control required by International Health Regulations and the influence factors of the gap. Methods: We collected countries' self-evaluated scores (International Health Regulations Monitoring tool, IHRMT) of 2016 and 2017, and external evaluation scores (Joint External Evaluation, JEE) from WHO website on 4rd and 27rd November, 2018. There were 127 and 163 countries with IHRMT scores in 2016 and in 2017, and 74 countries with JEE scores included in the analysis. The gap between countries' self-evaluation and external evaluation was represented by the difference between condensed IHR scores and JEE. Civil liberties (CL) scores were collected as indicators of the transparency of each country. The Human Development Index (HDI) and data indicating the density of physicians and nurses (HWD) were collected to reflect countries' development and health workforce statuses. Then, chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine the correlation between the gap of IHRMT and JEE, and civil liberties, human development, and health workforce status. Results: Countries' self-evaluation scores significantly decreased from 2016 to 2017. Countries' external evaluation scores are consistently 1 to 1.5 lower than self-evaluation scores. There were significantly more countries with high HDI status, high CL status and high HWD status in groups with bigger gap between IHRMT and JEE. And countries with higher HDI status presented a higher risk of having bigger gap between countries' self and external scores (OR = 3.181). Conclusion: Our study result indicated that countries' transparency represented by CL status do play a role in the gap between IHR and JEE scores. But HDI status is the key factor which significantly associated with the gap. The main reason for the gap in the current world is the different interpretation of evaluation of high HDI countries, though low CL countries tended to over-scored their capacity.
MeSH term(s)	Capacity Building/statistics & numerical data ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disclosure/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; International Health Regulations
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185774-X
ISSN	1744-8603 ; 1744-8603
ISSN (online)	1744-8603
ISSN	1744-8603
DOI	10.1186/s12992-020-0541-3
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Article ; Online: Are countries' self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries' self-reported international health regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes.

Tsai, Feng-Jen / Tipayamongkholgul, Mathuros

BMC public health

2020 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 282

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries' self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes.: Methods: Countries' self-reported assessments ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries' self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods: Countries' self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results: A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR = 2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR = 2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes. Conclusions: Countries' self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.
MeSH term(s)	Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Global Health/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; International Health Regulations ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Report ; World Health Organization
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-020-8359-8
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Article ; Online: The maintaining and improving effect of grandchild care provision on elders' mental health-Evidence from longitudinal study in Taiwan.

Tsai, Feng-Jen

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics

2016 Volume 64, Page(s) 59–65

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of grandchild care provision on elders' mental health by self-comparison and longitudinal study design.: Method: Information of 2930 grandparents from the Study of Health and Living Status of the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of grandchild care provision on elders' mental health by self-comparison and longitudinal study design. Method: Information of 2930 grandparents from the Study of Health and Living Status of the Middle-Aged and Elderly in Taiwan were analysed. Elders' mental health was evaluated by Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in both 2003 and 2007. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their changing behaviour of caring for grandchildren from 2003 to 2007. Chi-square test was used to compare changes in elders' individual characteristics and total CESD scores between and within groups. ANOVA was used to compare the means of elders' depressive symptoms between groups while paired-t test was used to compare changes in elders' depression symptoms from 2003 to 2007. Logistic regression was performed to determine the associations between elders' changing behaviour of caring for grandchildren and changes in depressive symptoms. Results: Elders continuously caring for grandchildren or started to take care of grandchildren significantly felt happier and enjoyed life more than before and more than elders who do not provide grandchild care. Logistic regression analyses exploring the impact of grandchild care provision found that elders provided no grandchild care had worst mental health amongst all. Elders stopped providing grandchild care had significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms (OR=1.40) than elders provided no grandchild care at all time. Discussion: By self-comparison, this study illustrates how taking care of grandchildren maintains elders' mental health, especially against them from loneliness and depression.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Child ; Child Care/methods ; Child Care/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Depression/ethnology ; Depression/psychology ; Empathy ; Family/ethnology ; Family/psychology ; Female ; Grandparents/psychology ; Happiness ; Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Intergenerational Relations ; Loneliness ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Health/ethnology ; Middle Aged ; Personal Satisfaction ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Taiwan
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603162-6
ISSN	1872-6976 ; 0167-4943
ISSN (online)	1872-6976
ISSN	0167-4943
DOI	10.1016/j.archger.2016.01.009
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