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  1. Article ; Online: MR angiographic findings of aberrant right subclavian artery with agenesis of the left common carotid artery and anomalous origin of the vertebral arteries.

    Yang, Sara K / Zhang, Andrew / Hazany, Saman / Huang, Jimmy / Hathout, Gasser M

    Clinical imaging

    2022  Volume 84, Page(s) 31–35

    Abstract: Introduction: Congenital aortic arch anomalies and variants have been extensively characterized in the medical literature. Proper identification of these anomalies is important when surgical or percutaneous interventions are indicated.: Case ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Congenital aortic arch anomalies and variants have been extensively characterized in the medical literature. Proper identification of these anomalies is important when surgical or percutaneous interventions are indicated.
    Case presentation: We present a case of a 48-year old male who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings revealed an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), early bifurcation of the right common carotid artery (CCA) with anomalous origin of the right vertebral artery (VA) from the right common carotid artery bifurcation, anomalous left vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch, and absent left common carotid artery with independent origins of the left external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA). No other abnormalities were identified, and the patient demonstrated no symptoms attributable to his vascular anomalies.
    Conclusion: To our knowledge, this unique combination of anomalies has never been reported in the literature. With an understanding of embryological pathways, even exceedingly rare anomalies like this one can be explained.
    MeSH term(s) Aorta, Thoracic ; Cardiovascular Abnormalities ; Carotid Arteries/abnormalities ; Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Artery, Common/abnormalities ; Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Subclavian Artery/abnormalities ; Subclavian Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Vertebral Artery/abnormalities ; Vertebral Artery/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1028123-x
    ISSN 1873-4499 ; 0899-7071
    ISSN (online) 1873-4499
    ISSN 0899-7071
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.01.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Detection of subthreshold atrophy in crossed cerebellar degeneration via two-compartment mathematical modeling of cell density in DWI: A proof of concept study.

    Kohannim, Omid / Huang, Jimmy C / Hathout, Gasser M

    Medical hypotheses

    2018  Volume 120, Page(s) 96–100

    Abstract: Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) refers to transneuronal degeneration of the corticopontocerebellar pathway, resulting in atrophy of cerebellum contralateral to supratentorial pathology. CCD is traditionally diagnosed on nuclear medicine studies. Our ... ...

    Abstract Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) refers to transneuronal degeneration of the corticopontocerebellar pathway, resulting in atrophy of cerebellum contralateral to supratentorial pathology. CCD is traditionally diagnosed on nuclear medicine studies. Our aim is to apply a biexponential diffusion model, composed of intracellular and extracellular compartments, to the detection of subthreshold CCD on DWI, with the calculated fraction of the intracellular compartment as a proposed measure of cell density. At a voxel-by-voxel basis, we solve for intracellular and extracellular coefficients in each side of the cerebellum and compare the distribution of coefficients between each hemisphere. We demonstrate, in all six CCD cases, a significantly lower contribution of the intracellular compartment to the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to supratentorial pathology (p < 0.01). In a separate, proof-of-concept case of pontine stroke, we also demonstrate reduced intracellular coefficients in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, excluding middle cerebellar peduncles (p < 0.01). Our findings are consistent with a decreased intracellular fraction, presumably a surrogate for reduced cellular density in corticopontocerebellar degeneration, despite normal-appearing scans. Our approach allows detection of subthreshold structural changes and offers the additional advantage of applicability to most clinical cases, where only three DWI beta values are available.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Atrophy ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellar Diseases/pathology ; Cerebellum/pathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Neurons/pathology ; Proof of Concept Study ; Stroke/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book: Clinical neuroradiology

    Hathout, Gasser M

    a case based approach

    2009  

    Author's details by Gasser M. Hathout ; illustrated by Tanya Ferguson
    MeSH term(s) Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Diagnostic Imaging
    Language English
    Size xi, 272 p. :, ill.
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Publishing place Cambridge ; New York
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9780521600545 ; 0521600545
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  4. Article ; Online: A medley of midbrain maladies: a brief review of midbrain anatomy and syndromology for radiologists.

    Ruchalski, Kathleen / Hathout, Gasser M

    Radiology research and practice

    2012  Volume 2012, Page(s) 258524

    Abstract: The midbrain represents the uppermost portion of the brainstem, containing numerous important nuclei and white matter tracts, most of which are involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways. Notable midbrain nuclei include the ... ...

    Abstract The midbrain represents the uppermost portion of the brainstem, containing numerous important nuclei and white matter tracts, most of which are involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways. Notable midbrain nuclei include the superior and inferior colliculus nuclei, red nucleus, substantia nigra, oculomotor nuclear complex, and trochlear nucleus. In addition, white matter tracts include the brachium conjunctivum, medial and lateral lemniscus, spinothalamic tracts, and the fiber tracts within the cerebral peduncles. Although neurologically vital, many of these small midbrain nuclei and white matter tracts are not easily individually identified on neuroimaging. However, given their diverse functions, midbrain pathology often leads to distinct clinical syndromes. A review and understanding of the location and relationships between the different midbrain nuclei and fiber tracts will allow more precise correlation of radiologic findings with patient pathology and symptomatology. Particular syndromes associated with midbrain pathology include the Weber, Claude, Benedikt, Nothnagel, and Parinaud syndromes. The oculomotor and trochlear cranial nerves also reside at this level. An understanding of their functions as well as their projected courses from the midbrain towards the eye allows identification of distinct locations which are particularly vulnerable to pathology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-22
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2594649-3
    ISSN 2090-195X ; 2090-1941
    ISSN (online) 2090-195X
    ISSN 2090-1941
    DOI 10.1155/2012/258524
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Incidentally Detected Klestadt Cyst With Pathology Review.

    Hayrapetian, Artineh / Thomas, Mariam / Baltayan, Armine / Hathout, Gasser

    Ear, nose, & throat journal

    2019  Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–19

    MeSH term(s) Cysts/diagnosis ; Cysts/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nose Diseases/diagnosis ; Nose Diseases/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 750153-5
    ISSN 1942-7522 ; 0145-5613
    ISSN (online) 1942-7522
    ISSN 0145-5613
    DOI 10.1177/0145561318823313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A Medley of Midbrain Maladies

    Kathleen Ruchalski / Gasser M. Hathout

    Radiology Research and Practice, Vol

    A Brief Review of Midbrain Anatomy and Syndromology for Radiologists

    2012  Volume 2012

    Abstract: The midbrain represents the uppermost portion of the brainstem, containing numerous important nuclei and white matter tracts, most of which are involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways. Notable midbrain nuclei include the ... ...

    Abstract The midbrain represents the uppermost portion of the brainstem, containing numerous important nuclei and white matter tracts, most of which are involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways. Notable midbrain nuclei include the superior and inferior colliculus nuclei, red nucleus, substantia nigra, oculomotor nuclear complex, and trochlear nucleus. In addition, white matter tracts include the brachium conjunctivum, medial and lateral lemniscus, spinothalamic tracts, and the fiber tracts within the cerebral peduncles. Although neurologically vital, many of these small midbrain nuclei and white matter tracts are not easily individually identified on neuroimaging. However, given their diverse functions, midbrain pathology often leads to distinct clinical syndromes. A review and understanding of the location and relationships between the different midbrain nuclei and fiber tracts will allow more precise correlation of radiologic findings with patient pathology and symptomatology. Particular syndromes associated with midbrain pathology include the Weber, Claude, Benedikt, Nothnagel, and Parinaud syndromes. The oculomotor and trochlear cranial nerves also reside at this level. An understanding of their functions as well as their projected courses from the midbrain towards the eye allows identification of distinct locations which are particularly vulnerable to pathology.
    Keywords Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  7. Article: Midbrain ataxia: an introduction to the mesencephalic locomotor region and the pedunculopontine nucleus.

    Hathout, Gasser M / Bhidayasiri, Roongroj

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2005  Volume 184, Issue 3, Page(s) 953–956

    Abstract: Objective: Although gait ataxia is usually associated with cerebellar lesions, we review a less familiar cause. We present three patients with dorsal midbrain lesions and correlate these presentations with recent findings in the functional anatomy of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Although gait ataxia is usually associated with cerebellar lesions, we review a less familiar cause. We present three patients with dorsal midbrain lesions and correlate these presentations with recent findings in the functional anatomy of the midbrain.
    Conclusion: We suggest that these lesions involve a well-studied but generally unfamiliar area of the dorsal midbrain known as the mesencephalic locomotor region. More specifically, we hypothesize that involvement of the pedunculopontine nucleus, a major component of the mesencephalic locomotor region, may be at least partially responsible for producing midbrain ataxia.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Diseases/complications ; Gait Ataxia/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840953
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Complex imaging features of accidental cerebral intraventricular gadolinium administration.

    Nayak, Nita B / Huang, Jimmy C / Hathout, Gasser M / Shaba, Wisam / El-Saden, Suzie M

    Journal of neurosurgery

    2013  Volume 118, Issue 5, Page(s) 1130–1134

    Abstract: Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is a contrast agent commonly used for enhancing MRI. In this paper, the authors report on 2 cases of postoperative inadvertent administration of Gd-DTPA directly into a ventriculostomy tubing side ... ...

    Abstract Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is a contrast agent commonly used for enhancing MRI. In this paper, the authors report on 2 cases of postoperative inadvertent administration of Gd-DTPA directly into a ventriculostomy tubing side port that was mistaken for intravenous tubing. Both cases demonstrated a low signal on MRI throughout the ventricular system and dependent portions of the subarachnoid spaces, which was originally believed to be CSF with areas of T1 shortening in the nondependent portions of the subarachnoid spaces, and misinterpreted as basal leptomeningeal enhancement and meningitis. The authors propose that the appearance of profound T1 hypointensity within the ventricles and diffuse susceptibility artifact along the ependyma is pathognomonic of intraventricular Gd-DTPA and should be recognized.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Cerebral Ventricles/pathology ; Cerebral Ventriculography ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA/administration & dosage ; Gadolinium DTPA/adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intraventricular/adverse effects ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Errors/adverse effects ; Meningioma/diagnostic imaging ; Meningioma/pathology ; Meningioma/surgery ; Meningitis/chemically induced ; Meningitis/diagnostic imaging ; Meningitis/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnostic imaging ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/pathology ; Subarachnoid Space/diagnostic imaging ; Subarachnoid Space/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Gadolinium DTPA (K2I13DR72L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3089-2
    ISSN 1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
    ISSN (online) 1933-0693
    ISSN 0022-3085
    DOI 10.3171/2013.2.JNS121712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: An unusual case of cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy with occipital lobe involvement.

    Trikamji, Bhavesh / Thomas, Mariam / Hathout, Gasser / Mishra, Shrikant

    Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

    2012  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 272–274

    Abstract: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant angiopathy caused by a mutation in the notch 3 gene on chromosome 19. Clinically, patients may be asymptomatic or can present ... ...

    Abstract Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant angiopathy caused by a mutation in the notch 3 gene on chromosome 19. Clinically, patients may be asymptomatic or can present with recurrent ischemic episodes and strokes leading to dementia, depression, pseudobulbar palsy, and hemi- or quadraplegia. Additional manifestations that have been described include migraine (mostly with aura), psychiatric disturbances, and epileptic seizures. Neuroimaging is essential to the diagnosis of CADASIL. On imaging CADASIL is characterized by symmetric involvement by confluent lesions located subcortically in the frontal and temporal lobes as well as in the insula, periventricularly, in the centrum semiovale, in the internal and external capsule, basal ganglia, and brain stem; with relative sparing of the fronto-orbital and the occipital subcortical regions. We describe a 49 year old male with CADASIL with absence of temporal lobe findings on MRI but predominant lesions within the periventricular white matter, occipital lobes with extension into the subcortical frontal lobes, corpus callosum and cerebellar white matter. Although CADASIL characteristically presents with anterior temporal lobe involvement, these findings may be absent and our case addresses the atypical imaging findings in CADASIL.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-07
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2240174-X
    ISSN 1998-3549 ; 0972-2327
    ISSN (online) 1998-3549
    ISSN 0972-2327
    DOI 10.4103/0972-2327.173403
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Cerebellar arteriovenous malformation presenting with bilateral proptosis mimicking caroticocavernous fistula.

    Bhidayasiri, Roongroj / Hathout, Gasser M / Heyming, Theodore W / Ovbiagele, Bruce

    Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998)

    2004  Volume 65, Issue 11, Page(s) 690–691

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exophthalmos/etiology ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/complications ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604229-6
    ISSN 1462-3935 ; 0007-1064
    ISSN 1462-3935 ; 0007-1064
    DOI 10.12968/hosp.2004.65.11.17050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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