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Book ; Online: NATO and the Challenges of Austerity

Larrabee, F. Stephen / Johnson, Stuart E / Gordon IV, John / Wilson, Peter A / Baxter, Caroline

2012

Keywords	Military history ; Warfare & defence ; Treaties & other sources of international law ; History ; Political Science
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource
Publisher	RAND Corporation
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030612068
ISBN	9780833068477 ; 0833068474
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Adaptation of Chain Event Graphs for use with Case-Control Studies in Epidemiology.

Keeble, Claire / Thwaites, Peter Adam / Barber, Stuart / Law, Graham Richard / Baxter, Paul David

The international journal of biostatistics

2017 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Case-control studies are used in epidemiology to try to uncover the causes of diseases, but are a retrospective study design known to suffer from non-participation and recall bias, which may explain their decreased popularity in recent years. Traditional ...

Abstract	Case-control studies are used in epidemiology to try to uncover the causes of diseases, but are a retrospective study design known to suffer from non-participation and recall bias, which may explain their decreased popularity in recent years. Traditional analyses report usually only the odds ratio for given exposures and the binary disease status. Chain event graphs are a graphical representation of a statistical model derived from event trees which have been developed in artificial intelligence and statistics, and only recently introduced to the epidemiology literature. They are a modern Bayesian technique which enable prior knowledge to be incorporated into the data analysis using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, used to form a suitable chain event graph. Additionally, they can account for missing data and be used to explore missingness mechanisms. Here we adapt the chain event graph framework to suit scenarios often encountered in case-control studies, to strengthen this study design which is time and financially efficient. We demonstrate eight adaptations to the graphs, which consist of two suitable for full case-control study analysis, four which can be used in interim analyses to explore biases, and two which aim to improve the ease and accuracy of analyses. The adaptations are illustrated with complete, reproducible, fully-interpreted examples, including the event tree and chain event graph. Chain event graphs are used here for the first time to summarise non-participation, data collection techniques, data reliability, and disease severity in case-control studies. We demonstrate how these features of a case-control study can be incorporated into the analysis to provide further insight, which can help to identify potential biases and lead to more accurate study results.
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Patient Selection
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1557-4679
ISSN (online)	1557-4679
DOI	10.1515/ijb-2016-0073
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Learning Through Chain Event Graphs: The Role of Maternal Factors in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes.

Keeble, Claire / Thwaites, Peter Adam / Baxter, Paul David / Barber, Stuart / Parslow, Roger Charles / Law, Graham Richard

American journal of epidemiology

2017 Volume 186, Issue 10, Page(s) 1204–1208

Abstract: Chain event graphs (CEGs) are a graphical representation of a statistical model derived from event trees. They have previously been applied to cohort studies but not to case-control studies. In this paper, we apply the CEG framework to a Yorkshire, ... ...

Abstract	Chain event graphs (CEGs) are a graphical representation of a statistical model derived from event trees. They have previously been applied to cohort studies but not to case-control studies. In this paper, we apply the CEG framework to a Yorkshire, United Kingdom, case-control study of childhood type 1 diabetes (1993-1994) in order to examine 4 exposure variables associated with the mother, 3 of which are fully observed (her school-leaving-age, amniocenteses during pregnancy, and delivery type) and 1 with missing values (her rhesus factor), while incorporating previous type 1 diabetes knowledge. We conclude that the unknown rhesus factor values were likely to be missing not at random and were mainly rhesus-positive. The mother's school-leaving-age and rhesus factor were not associated with the diabetes status of the child, whereas having at least 1 amniocentesis procedure and, to a lesser extent, birth by cesarean delivery were associated; the combination of both procedures further increased the probability of diabetes. This application of CEGs to case-control data allows for the inclusion of missing data and prior knowledge, while investigating associations in the data. Communication of the analysis with the clinical expert is more straightforward than with traditional modeling, and this approach can be applied retrospectively or when assumptions for traditional analyses are not held.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwx171
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Acquired microcephaly: causes, patterns, motor and IQ effects, and associated growth changes.

Baxter, Peter Stuart / Rigby, Alan Steven / Rotsaert, Marianne Hélène Elise Pascale Dominique / Wright, Ingram

Pediatrics

2009 Volume 124, Issue 2, Page(s) 590–595

Abstract: Objectives: The goals were to identify and to classify causes and growth patterns of acquired (or progressive) microcephaly and to look for hypothesized correlations between causes, growth patterns, and developmental quotient/IQ.: Methods: Fifty-one ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The goals were to identify and to classify causes and growth patterns of acquired (or progressive) microcephaly and to look for hypothesized correlations between causes, growth patterns, and developmental quotient/IQ. Methods: Fifty-one children (24 boys), 0.7 to 11.3 years of age, with early occipitofrontal circumference measurements above and later ones below the second percentile (SD: -2.03) were studied through retrospective note and growth chart review, with formal assessments of developmental quotient or IQ (n = 34). Results: Causes were classifiable into 5 groups as follows: idiopathic, familial, syndromic, symptomatic, and mixed. Four patterns of head growth were identified, as follows: type A, initial decrease from the normal range to below the second percentile, followed by growth below and parallel to the second percentile; type B, continued decrease away from the second percentile; type C, decrease below the normal range, with partial later recovery; type D, insufficient data. For 12 children, there were accompanying decreases in weight percentiles and for 5 of these in height percentiles as well. Infants with lower head circumference z scores at the end of the study also had lower z scores for final weight and final length. There was no correlation between causal group and growth pattern. Developmental quotient/IQ values were mostly <100 and did not correlate with head circumference z score, cause, or pattern. Conclusions: The classification of causal groups and growth patterns should aid clinical management. Neither cause nor pattern predicted outcomes. The associations with poor weight gain and body growth deserve further study.
MeSH term(s)	Body Height ; Body Weight ; Brain/pathology ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/genetics ; Intelligence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microcephaly/complications ; Microcephaly/diagnosis ; Microcephaly/etiology ; Microcephaly/genetics ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Statistics as Topic ; Syndrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2008-2784
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Respiratory viral infection in exacerbations of COPD.

McManus, Terence E / Marley, Anne-Marie / Baxter, Noreen / Christie, Sharon N / O'Neill, Hugh J / Elborn, J Stuart / Coyle, Peter V / Kidney, Joseph C

Respiratory medicine

2008 Volume 102, Issue 11, Page(s) 1575–1580

Abstract: Background: Patients with COPD have frequent exacerbations. The role of respiratory viral infection is just emerging. We wished to determine prospectively the incidence of viral infection in exacerbated and stable COPD patients as well as smokers who do ...

Abstract	Background: Patients with COPD have frequent exacerbations. The role of respiratory viral infection is just emerging. We wished to determine prospectively the incidence of viral infection in exacerbated and stable COPD patients as well as smokers who do not have airways obstruction. Methods: Stable and exacerbated COPD patients were recruited along with a group of patients who had smoked but who did not have any airways obstruction. Spirometry was performed and sputum specimens were tested for a range of 12 different respiratory viruses using PCR. Results: One hundred and thirty-six patients with exacerbations of COPD, 68 stable COPD patients and 16 non-obstructed smokers were recruited. A respiratory virus was detected in 37% of exacerbations, 12% of stable COPD patients and 12% of non-obstructed smokers, p<0.0005. Rhinovirus was most frequently detected. The symptom of fever was associated with virus detection, p<0.05. Infection with more than one virus was only found in the exacerbated COPD patients. Conclusion: Respiratory viral infection is associated with exacerbations of COPD. Rhinovirus was the most common infecting agent identified and in two cases human metapneumovirus was also detected. Dual infections were only seen amongst those patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of COPD. Viruses were more commonly detected in those with more severe airways disease.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dyspnea/virology ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Male ; Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Rhinovirus/isolation & purification ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Spirometry/methods ; Sputum/virology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1003348-8
ISSN	1532-3064 ; 0954-6111
ISSN (online)	1532-3064
ISSN	0954-6111
DOI	10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Acute and latent adenovirus in COPD.

McManus, Terence E / Marley, Anne-Marie / Baxter, Noreen / Christie, Sharon N / Elborn, J Stuart / Heaney, Liam G / Coyle, Peter V / Kidney, Joseph C

Respiratory medicine

2007 Volume 101, Issue 10, Page(s) 2084–2090

Abstract: Introduction: The COPD airway is infiltrated with CD8+ T cells, which has led to a virus being implicated in its pathogenesis. Some investigators have suggested a role for the persistence of the adenovirus E1A in bronchial epithelial cells. We examined ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The COPD airway is infiltrated with CD8+ T cells, which has led to a virus being implicated in its pathogenesis. Some investigators have suggested a role for the persistence of the adenovirus E1A in bronchial epithelial cells. We examined respiratory tract specimens from COPD patients for the presence of E1A DNA and mRNA using real-time PCR. Methods: Nucleic acid extraction was performed on sputum specimens from patients with COPD. Copy numbers for GAPDH, and adenovirus 5 E1A DNA and mRNA were determined using a quantitative real-time PCR assay. All samples were screened for the adenovirus hexon gene using nested PCR. Results: One hundred and seventy-one patients, 80 male, aged 68.9+/-9.8 years with COPD were recruited. One hundred and thirty-six were seen during an exacerbation when admitted to hospital, 33 of whom were reviewed when clinically stable along with an additional 35 stable COPD patients. Ten patients in the exacerbation group were positive for the adenovirus hexon gene (7%), as were four in the stable group (6%). Only two patients in the exacerbation group were positive for adenovirus 5 E1A. Only one patient in the stable COPD group had detectable E1A DNA/mRNA and also tested positive for the adenovirus hexon gene. Conclusion: Adenovirus is detected in similar frequencies in exacerbated and stable COPD patients. Adenovirus E1A DNA is infrequently detected in respiratory secretions from patients with COPD. Our data suggest that the persistence of adenovirus 5 E1A in lung cells of sputum samples in patients with COPD occurs infrequently.
MeSH term(s)	Adenoviridae/isolation & purification ; Adenoviridae Infections/complications ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/virology ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology ; Sputum/virology ; Virus Latency
Chemical Substances	Adenovirus E1A Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1003348-8
ISSN	1532-3064 ; 0954-6111
ISSN (online)	1532-3064
ISSN	0954-6111
DOI	10.1016/j.rmed.2007.05.015
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses

Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa / Huo, Jiandong / Zhou, Daming / Zahradník, Jiří / Supasa, Piyada / Liu, Chang / Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E. / Ginn, Helen M. / Mentzer, Alexander J. / Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai / Nutalai, Rungtiwa / Wang, Beibei / Dijokaite, Aiste / Khan, Suman / Avinoam, Ori / Bahar, Mohammad / Skelly, Donal / Adele, Sandra / Johnson, Sile Ann /

Amini, Ali / Ritter, Thomas G. / Mason, Chris / Dold, Christina / Pan, Daniel / Assadi, Sara / Bellass, Adam / Omo-Dare, Nicola / Koeckerling, David / Flaxman, Amy / Jenkin, Daniel / Aley, Parvinder K. / Voysey, Merryn / Clemens, Sue Ann Costa / Naveca, Felipe Gomes / Nascimento, Valdinete / Nascimento, Fernanda / Fernandes da Costa, Cristiano / Resende, Paola Cristina / Pauvolid-Correa, Alex / Siqueira, Marilda M. / Baillie, Vicky / Serafin, Natali / Kwatra, Gaurav / Da Silva, Kelly / Madhi, Shabir A. / Nunes, Marta C. / Malik, Tariq / Openshaw, Peter J.M. / Baillie, J. Kenneth / Semple, Malcolm G. / Townsend, Alain R. / Huang, Kuan-Ying A. / Tan, Tiong Kit / Carroll, Miles W. / Klenerman, Paul / Barnes, Eleanor / Dunachie, Susanna J. / Constantinides, Bede / Webster, Hermione / Crook, Derrick / Pollard, Andrew J. / Lambe, Teresa / Paterson, Neil G. / Williams, Mark A. / Hall, David R. / Fry, Elizabeth E. / Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip / Ren, Jingshan / Schreiber, Gideon / Stuart, David I. / Screaton, Gavin R. / Conlon, Christopher / Deeks, Alexandra S. / Frater, John / Frending, Lisa / Gardiner, Siobhan / Jämsén, Anni / Jeffery, Katie / Malone, Tom / Phillips, Eloise / Rothwell, Lucy / Stafford, Lizzie / Baillie, J Kenneth / Openshaw, Peter JM. / Carson, Gail / Alex, Beatrice / Andrikopoulos, Petros / Bach, Benjamin / Barclay, Wendy S. / Bogaert, Debby / Chand, Meera / Chechi, Kanta / Cooke, Graham S. / da Silva Filipe, Ana / de Silva, Thushan / Docherty, Annemarie B. / dos Santos Correia, Gonçalo / Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel / Dunning, Jake / Fletcher, Tom / Green, Christoper A. / Greenhalf, William / Griffin, Julian L. / Gupta, Rishi K. / Harrison, Ewen M. / Hiscox, Julian A. / Wai Ho, Antonia Ying / Horby, Peter W. / Ijaz, Samreen / Khoo, Saye / Law, Andrew / Lewis, Matthew R. / Liggi, Sonia / Lim, Wei Shen / Maslen, Lynn / Merson, Laura / Meynert, Alison M. / Moore, Shona C. / Noursadeghi, Mahdad / Olanipekun, Michael / Osagie, Anthonia / Palmarini, Massimo / Palmieri, Carlo / Paxton, William A. / Pollakis, Georgios / Price, Nicholas / Rambaut, Andrew / Robertson, Dave / Russell, Clark D. / Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa / Sands, Caroline J. / Scott, Janet T. / Sigfrid, Louise / Solomon, Tom / Sriskandan, Shiranee / Stuart, David / Summers, Charlotte / Swann, Olivia V. / Takats, Zoltan / Takis, Panteleimon / Tedder, Richard S. / Thompson, AA Roger / Thomson, Emma C. / Thwaites, Ryan S. / Turtle, Lance CW. / Zambon, Maria / Hardwick, Hayley / Donohue, Chloe / Griffiths, Fiona / Oosthuyzen, Wilna / Donegan, Cara / Spencer, Rebecca G. / Norman, Lisa / Pius, Riinu / Drake, Thomas M. / Fairfield, Cameron J. / Knight, Stephen R. / Mclean, Kenneth A. / Murphy, Derek / Shaw, Catherine A. / Dalton, Jo / Girvan, Michelle / Saviciute, Egle / Roberts, Stephanie / Harrison, Janet / Marsh, Laura / Connor, Marie / Halpin, Sophie / Jackson, Clare / Gamble, C. / Plotkin, Daniel / Lee, James / Leeming, Gary / Wham, Murray / Clohisey, Sara / Hendry, Ross / Scott-Brown, Jas / Shaw, Victoria / McDonald, Sarah E. / Keating, Seán / Ahmed, Katie A. / Armstrong, Jane A. / Ashworth, Milton / Asiimwe, Innocent G. / Bakshi, Siddharth / Barlow, Samantha L. / Booth, Laura / Brennan, Benjamin / Bullock, Katie / Catterall, Benjamin WA. / Clark, Jordan J. / Clarke, Emily A. / Cole, Sarah / Cooper, Louise / Cox, Helen / Davis, Christopher / Dincarslan, Oslem / Dunn, Chris / Dyer, Philip / Elliott, Angela / Evans, Anthony / Finch, Lorna / Fisher, Lewis WS. / Foster, Terry / Garcia-Dorival, Isabel / Gunning, Philip / Hartley, Catherine / Jensen, Rebecca L. / Jones, Christopher B. / Jones, Trevor R. / Khandaker, Shadia / King So, Katharine / Kiy, Robyn T. / Koukorava, Chrysa / Lake, Annette / Lant, Suzannah / Latawiec, Diane / Lavelle-Langham, Lara / Lefteri, Daniella / Lett, Lauren / Livoti, Lucia A. / Mancini, Maria / McDonald, Sarah / McEvoy, Laurence / McLauchlan, John / Metelmann, Soeren / Miah, Nahida S. / Middleton, Joanna / Mitchell, Joyce / Murphy, Ellen G. / Penrice-Randal, Rebekah / Pilgrim, Jack / Prince, Tessa / Reynolds, Will / Ridley, P. Matthew / Sales, Debby / Shaw, Victoria E. / Shears, Rebecca K. / Small, Benjamin / Subramaniam, Krishanthi S. / Szemiel, Agnieska / Taggart, Aislynn / Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta / Thomas, Jordan / Trochu, Erwan / van Tonder, Libby / Wilcock, Eve / Zhang, J. Eunice / Flaherty, Lisa / Maziere, Nicole / Cass, Emily / Carracedo, Alejandra Doce / Carlucci, Nicola / Holmes, Anthony / Massey, Hannah / Murphy, Lee / McCafferty, Sarah / Clark, Richard / Fawkes, Angie / Morrice, Kirstie / Maclean, Alan / Wrobel, Nicola / Donnelly, Lorna / Coutts, Audrey / Hafezi, Katarzyna / MacGillivray, Louise / Gilchrist, Tammy / Adeniji, Kayode / Agranoff, Daniel / Agwuh, Ken / Ail, Dhiraj / Aldera, Erin L. / Alegria, Ana / Allen, Sam / Angus, Brian / Ashish, Abdul / Atkinson, Dougal / Bari, Shahedal / Barlow, Gavin / Barnass, Stella / Barrett, Nicholas / Bassford, Christopher / Basude, Sneha / Baxter, David / Beadsworth, Michael / Bernatoniene, Jolanta / Berridge, John / Berry, Colin / Best, Nicola / Bothma, Pieter / Chadwick, David / Brittain-Long, Robin / Bulteel, Naomi / Burden, Tom / Burtenshaw, Andrew / Caruth, Vikki / Chambler, Duncan / Chee, Nigel / Child, Jenny / Chukkambotla, Srikanth / Clark, Tom / Collini, Paul / Cosgrove, Catherine / Cupitt, Jason / Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa / Dark, Paul / Dawson, Chris / Dervisevic, Samir / Donnison, Phil / Douthwaite, Sam / Drummond, Andrew / DuRand, Ingrid / Dushianthan, Ahilanadan / Dyer, Tristan / Evans, Cariad / Eziefula, Chi / Fegan, Chrisopher / Finn, Adam / Fullerton, Duncan / Garg, Sanjeev / Garg, Atul / Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni / Godden, Jo / Goldsmith, Arthur / Graham, Clive / Hardy, Elaine / Hartshorn, Stuart / Harvey, Daniel / Havalda, Peter / Hawcutt, Daniel B. / Hobrok, Maria / Hodgson, Luke / Hormis, Anil / Jacobs, Michael / Jain, Susan / Jennings, Paul / Kaliappan, Agilan / Kasipandian, Vidya / Kegg, Stephen / Kelsey, Michael / Kendall, Jason / Kerrison, Caroline / Kerslake, Ian / Koch, Oliver / Koduri, Gouri / Kōśi, Jōrjj / Laha, Shondipon / Laird, Steven / Larkin, Susan / Leiner, Tamas / Lillie, Patrick / Limb, James / Linnett, Vanessa / Little, Jeff / Lyttle, Mark / MacMahon, Michael / MacNaughton, Emily / Mankregod, Ravish / Masson, Huw / Matovu, Elijah / McCullough, Katherine / McEwen, Ruth / Meda, Manjula / Mills, Gary / Minton, Jane / Mirfenderesky, Mariyam / Mohandas, Kavya / Mok, Quen / Moon, James / Moore, Elinoor / Morgan, Patrick / Morris, Craig / Mortimore, Katherine / Moses, S. / Mpenge, Mbiye / Mulla, Rohinton / Murphy, Michael / Nagel, Megan / Nagarajan, Thapas / Nelson, Mark / Norris, Lillian / O’Shea, Matthew K. / Otahal, Igor / Ostermann, Marlies / Pais, Mark / Panchatsharam, Selva / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Paraiso, Hassan / Patel, Brij / Pattison, Natalie / Pepperell, Justin / Peters, Mark / Phull, Mandeep / Pintus, Stefania / Pooni, Jagtur Singh / Planche, Tim / Post, Frank / Price, David / Prout, Rachel / Rae, Nikolas / Reschreiter, Henrik / Reynolds, Tim / Richardson, Neil / Roberts, Mark / Roberts, Devender / Rose, Alistair / Rousseau, Guy / Ruge, Bobby / Ryan, Brendan / Saluja, Taranprit / Schmid, Matthias L. / Shah, Aarti / Shanmuga, Prad / Sharma, Anil / Shawcross, Anna / Sizer, Jeremy / Shankar-Hari, Manu / Smith, Richard / Snelson, Catherine / Spittle, Nick / Staines, Nikki / Stambach, Tom / Stewart, Richard / Subudhi, Pradeep / Szakmany, Tamas / Tatham, Kate / Thomas, Jo / Thompson, Chris / Thompson, Robert / Tridente, Ascanio / Tupper-Carey, Darell / Twagira, Mary / Vallotton, Nick / Vancheeswaran, Rama / Vincent-Smith, Lisa / Visuvanathan, Shico / Vuylsteke, Alan / Waddy, Sam / Wake, Rachel / Walden, Andrew / Welters, Ingeborg / Whitehouse, Tony / Whittaker, Paul / Whittington, Ashley / Papineni, Padmasayee / Wijesinghe, Meme / Williams, Martin / Wilson, Lawrence / Winchester, Stephen / Wiselka, Martin / Wolverson, Adam / Wootton, Daniel G. / Workman, Andrew / Yates, Bryan / Young, Peter

Cell. 2022 Feb. 03, v. 185, no. 3 p.467-484.e15

2022

Abstract: On 24ᵗʰ November 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titers of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent ... ...

Institution	OPTIC Consortium ISARIC4C Consortium
Abstract	On 24ᵗʰ November 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titers of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta are substantially reduced, or the sera failed to neutralize. Titers against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in both vaccinated individuals and those infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of the large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses and uses mutations that confer tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape. This leads to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and rebalances receptor affinity to that of earlier pandemic viruses.
Keywords	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; evolution ; neutralization ; pandemic ; vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Omicron ; variants ; immune evasion ; receptor interaction ; Spike ; RBD
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0203
Size	p. 467-484.e15.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.046
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora.

Falster, Daniel / Gallagher, Rachael / Wenk, Elizabeth H / Wright, Ian J / Indiarto, Dony / Andrew, Samuel C / Baxter, Caitlan / Lawson, James / Allen, Stuart / Fuchs, Anne / Monro, Anna / Kar, Fonti / Adams, Mark A / Ahrens, Collin W / Alfonzetti, Matthew / Angevin, Tara / Apgaua, Deborah M G / Arndt, Stefan / Atkin, Owen K /

Atkinson, Joe / Auld, Tony / Baker, Andrew / von Balthazar, Maria / Bean, Anthony / Blackman, Chris J / Bloomfield, Keith / Bowman, David M J S / Bragg, Jason / Brodribb, Timothy J / Buckton, Genevieve / Burrows, Geoff / Caldwell, Elizabeth / Camac, James / Carpenter, Raymond / Catford, Jane A / Cawthray, Gregory R / Cernusak, Lucas A / Chandler, Gregory / Chapman, Alex R / Cheal, David / Cheesman, Alexander W / Chen, Si-Chong / Choat, Brendan / Clinton, Brook / Clode, Peta L / Coleman, Helen / Cornwell, William K / Cosgrove, Meredith / Crisp, Michael / Cross, Erika / Crous, Kristine Y / Cunningham, Saul / Curran, Timothy / Curtis, Ellen / Daws, Matthew I / DeGabriel, Jane L / Denton, Matthew D / Dong, Ning / Du, Pengzhen / Duan, Honglang / Duncan, David H / Duncan, Richard P / Duretto, Marco / Dwyer, John M / Edwards, Cheryl / Esperon-Rodriguez, Manuel / Evans, John R / Everingham, Susan E / Farrell, Claire / Firn, Jennifer / Fonseca, Carlos Roberto / French, Ben J / Frood, Doug / Funk, Jennifer L / Geange, Sonya R / Ghannoum, Oula / Gleason, Sean M / Gosper, Carl R / Gray, Emma / Groom, Philip K / Grootemaat, Saskia / Gross, Caroline / Guerin, Greg / Guja, Lydia / Hahs, Amy K / Harrison, Matthew Tom / Hayes, Patrick E / Henery, Martin / Hochuli, Dieter / Howell, Jocelyn / Huang, Guomin / Hughes, Lesley / Huisman, John / Ilic, Jugoslav / Jagdish, Ashika / Jin, Daniel / Jordan, Gregory / Jurado, Enrique / Kanowski, John / Kasel, Sabine / Kellermann, Jürgen / Kenny, Belinda / Kohout, Michele / Kooyman, Robert M / Kotowska, Martyna M / Lai, Hao Ran / Laliberté, Etienne / Lambers, Hans / Lamont, Byron B / Lanfear, Robert / van Langevelde, Frank / Laughlin, Daniel C / Laugier-Kitchener, Bree-Anne / Laurance, Susan / Lehmann, Caroline E R / Leigh, Andrea / Leishman, Michelle R / Lenz, Tanja / Lepschi, Brendan / Lewis, James D / Lim, Felix / Liu, Udayangani / Lord, Janice / Lusk, Christopher H / Macinnis-Ng, Cate / McPherson, Hannah / Magallón, Susana / Manea, Anthony / López-Martinez, Andrea / Mayfield, Margaret / McCarthy, James K / Meers, Trevor / van der Merwe, Marlien / Metcalfe, Daniel J / Milberg, Per / Mokany, Karel / Moles, Angela T / Moore, Ben D / Moore, Nicholas / Morgan, John W / Morris, William / Muir, Annette / Munroe, Samantha / Nicholson, Áine / Nicolle, Dean / Nicotra, Adrienne B / Niinemets, Ülo / North, Tom / O'Reilly-Nugent, Andrew / O'Sullivan, Odhran S / Oberle, Brad / Onoda, Yusuke / Ooi, Mark K J / Osborne, Colin P / Paczkowska, Grazyna / Pekin, Burak / Guilherme Pereira, Caio / Pickering, Catherine / Pickup, Melinda / Pollock, Laura J / Poot, Pieter / Powell, Jeff R / Power, Sally A / Prentice, Iain Colin / Prior, Lynda / Prober, Suzanne M / Read, Jennifer / Reynolds, Victoria / Richards, Anna E / Richardson, Ben / Roderick, Michael L / Rosell, Julieta A / Rossetto, Maurizio / Rye, Barbara / Rymer, Paul D / Sams, Michael A / Sanson, Gordon / Sauquet, Hervé / Schmidt, Susanne / Schönenberger, Jürg / Schulze, Ernst-Detlef / Sendall, Kerrie / Sinclair, Steve / Smith, Benjamin / Smith, Renee / Soper, Fiona / Sparrow, Ben / Standish, Rachel J / Staples, Timothy L / Stephens, Ruby / Szota, Christopher / Taseski, Guy / Tasker, Elizabeth / Thomas, Freya / Tissue, David T / Tjoelker, Mark G / Tng, David Yue Phin / de Tombeur, Félix / Tomlinson, Kyle / Turner, Neil C / Veneklaas, Erik J / Venn, Susanna / Vesk, Peter / Vlasveld, Carolyn / Vorontsova, Maria S / Warren, Charles A / Warwick, Nigel / Weerasinghe, Lasantha K / Wells, Jessie / Westoby, Mark / White, Matthew / Williams, Nicholas S G / Wills, Jarrah / Wilson, Peter G / Yates, Colin / Zanne, Amy E / Zemunik, Graham / Ziemińska, Kasia

Scientific data

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 254

Abstract: We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic ... ...

Abstract	We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Databases, Factual ; Phenotype ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-021-01006-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Supramolecular Daisy Chains.

Ashton, Peter R / Baxter, Ian / Cantrill, Stuart J / Fyfe, Matthew C T / Glink, Peter T / Stoddart, J Fraser / White, Andrew J P / Williams, David J

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

1998 Volume 37, Issue 9, Page(s) 1294–1297

Abstract: Our childhoods may be recalled when a self-complementary cation, endowed with both a dibenzo[24]crown-8 macroring and a secondary dialkylammonium sidearm, self-assembles to form a two-component supramolecular architecture that is reminiscent of a daisy ... ...

Abstract	Our childhoods may be recalled when a self-complementary cation, endowed with both a dibenzo[24]crown-8 macroring and a secondary dialkylammonium sidearm, self-assembles to form a two-component supramolecular architecture that is reminiscent of a daisy chain (depicted schematically on the right). This daisy-chain-like superarchitecture is stabilized by a combination of [N
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-05-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980518)37:9<1294::AID-ANIE1294>3.0.CO;2-F
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

2007 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 3346–3353

Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, yet no effective vaccine or antiviral treatment is available. Here we report the discovery and initial development of RSV604, a novel ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, yet no effective vaccine or antiviral treatment is available. Here we report the discovery and initial development of RSV604, a novel benzodiazepine with submicromolar anti-RSV activity. It proved to be equipotent against all clinical isolates tested of both the A and B subtypes of the virus. The compound has a low rate of in vitro resistance development. Sequencing revealed that the resistant virus had mutations within the nucleocapsid protein. This is a novel mechanism of action for anti-RSV compounds. In a three-dimensional human airway epithelial cell model, RSV604 was able to pass from the basolateral side of the epithelium effectively to inhibit virus replication after mucosal inoculation. RSV604, which is currently in phase II clinical trials, represents the first in a new class of RSV inhibitors and may have significant potential for the effective treatment of RSV disease.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/chemical synthesis ; Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/drug effects ; Phenylurea Compounds/chemical synthesis ; Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics ; Tetrazolium Salts ; Virus Replication/drug effects
Chemical Substances	1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo(e)(1,4)diazepin-3-yl)urea ; Antiviral Agents ; Benzodiazepinones ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Tetrazolium Salts ; 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (117038-70-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.00211-07
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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