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Article ; Online: Marked changes in endogenous antioxidant expression precede vitamin A-, C-, and E-protectable, radiation-induced reductions in small intestinal nutrient transport.

Roche, Marjolaine / Kemp, Francis W / Agrawal, Amit / Attanasio, Alicia / Neti, Prasad V S V / Howell, Roger W / Ferraris, Ronaldo P

Free radical biology & medicine

2010 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–65

Abstract: ... of a cocktail of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E, before irradiation, prevents reductions in transport ...

Abstract	Rapidly proliferating epithelial crypt cells of the small intestine are susceptible to radiation-induced oxidative stress, yet there is a dearth of data linking this stress to expression of antioxidant enzymes and to alterations in intestinal nutrient absorption. We previously showed that 5-14 days after acute γ-irradiation, intestinal sugar absorption decreased without change in antioxidant enzyme expression. In the present study, we measured antioxidant mRNA and protein expression in mouse intestines taken at early times postirradiation. Observed changes in antioxidant expression are characterized by a rapid decrease within 1h postirradiation, followed by dramatic upregulation within 4h and then downregulation a few days later. The cell type and location expressing the greatest changes in levels of the oxidative stress marker 4HNE and of antioxidant enzymes are, respectively, epithelial cells responsible for nutrient absorption and the crypt region comprising mainly undifferentiated cells. Consumption of a cocktail of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E, before irradiation, prevents reductions in transport of intestinal sugars, amino acids, bile acids, and peptides. Ingestion of antioxidants may blunt radiation-induced decreases in nutrient transport, perhaps by reducing acute oxidative stress in crypt cells, thereby allowing the small intestine to retain its absorptive function when those cells migrate to the villus days after the insult.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/physiology ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Biological Transport/radiation effects ; Cytoprotection/drug effects ; Down-Regulation/radiation effects ; Eating/drug effects ; Eating/physiology ; Eating/radiation effects ; Food ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestinal Absorption/radiation effects ; Intestine, Small/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Intestine, Small/radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Radiation Injuries/metabolism ; Radiation Injuries/pathology ; Radiation Injuries/prevention & control ; Vitamin A/pharmacology ; Vitamin E/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4) ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	807032-5
ISSN	1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
ISSN (online)	1873-4596
ISSN	0891-5849
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.689
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Article: Marked changes in endogenous antioxidant expression precede vitamin A-, C-, and E-protectable, radiation-induced reductions in small intestinal nutrient transport

Roche, Marjolaine / Kemp, Francis W / Agrawal, Amit / Attanasio, Alicia / Neti, Prasad V.S.V / Howell, Roger W / Ferraris, Ronaldo P

Free radical biology & medicine. 2011 Jan. 1, v. 50, no. 1

2011

Abstract: ... of a cocktail of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E, before irradiation, prevents reductions in transport ...

Abstract	Rapidly proliferating epithelial crypt cells of the small intestine are susceptible to radiation-induced oxidative stress, yet there is a dearth of data linking this stress to expression of antioxidant enzymes and to alterations in intestinal nutrient absorption. We previously showed that 5–14days after acute γ-irradiation, intestinal sugar absorption decreased without change in antioxidant enzyme expression. In the present study, we measured antioxidant mRNA and protein expression in mouse intestines taken at early times postirradiation. Observed changes in antioxidant expression are characterized by a rapid decrease within 1h postirradiation, followed by dramatic upregulation within 4h and then downregulation a few days later. The cell type and location expressing the greatest changes in levels of the oxidative stress marker 4HNE and of antioxidant enzymes are, respectively, epithelial cells responsible for nutrient absorption and the crypt region comprising mainly undifferentiated cells. Consumption of a cocktail of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E, before irradiation, prevents reductions in transport of intestinal sugars, amino acids, bile acids, and peptides. Ingestion of antioxidants may blunt radiation-induced decreases in nutrient transport, perhaps by reducing acute oxidative stress in crypt cells, thereby allowing the small intestine to retain its absorptive function when those cells migrate to the villus days after the insult.
Keywords	absorption ; amino acids ; antioxidants ; bile acids ; enzymes ; epithelial cells ; gamma radiation ; ingestion ; intestinal absorption ; irradiation ; messenger RNA ; mice ; nutrient transport ; oxidative stress ; peptides ; protein synthesis ; small intestine ; sugars ; villi ; vitamin A
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0101
Size	p. 55-65.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	807032-5
ISSN	1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
ISSN (online)	1873-4596
ISSN	0891-5849
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.689
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Article ; Online: Vitamin C improves gut

Hazan, Sabine / Dave, Sonya / Papoutsis, Andreas J / Deshpande, Nirupama / Howell, Mark C / Martin, Leisha Ma

Future microbiology

2022

Abstract: Aims: ...

Abstract	Aims:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2254620-0
ISSN	1746-0921 ; 1746-0913
ISSN (online)	1746-0921
ISSN	1746-0913
DOI	10.2217/fmb-2022-0209
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Article ; Online: Variables associated with days of school missed following concussion: results from the Sport Concussion Outcomes in PEdiatrics (SCOPE) study.

Roberts, Jeremy / Wilson, Julie C / Halstead, Mark E / Miller, Shane M / Santana, Jonathan A / Valovich McLeod, Tamara C / Zaslow, Tracy L / Master, Christina L / Grady, Matthew F / Snedden, Traci R / Fazekas, Matthew L / Coel, Rachel A / Howell, David R

The Physician and sportsmedicine

2024 , Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Objective: To understand factors associated with missed academic time after concussion to improve support for patients. Our goal was to assess patient-specific predictors of total school time lost after pediatric/adolescent concussion.: Study design: ...

Abstract	Objective: To understand factors associated with missed academic time after concussion to improve support for patients. Our goal was to assess patient-specific predictors of total school time lost after pediatric/adolescent concussion. Study design: We performed a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents (8-18 years of age) seen within 14 days of concussion from seven pediatric medical centers across the United States. We collected outcomes via the Concussion Learning Assessment & School Survey (CLASS) and constructed a multivariable predictive model evaluating patient factors associated with school time loss. Results: 167 patients participated (mean age = 14.5 ± 2.2 years; 46% female). Patients were assessed initially at 5.0 ± 3.0 days post-injury and had a final follow-up assessment 24.5 ± 20.0 days post-concussion. Participants missed a median of 2 days of school (IQR = 0.5-4), and 21% reported their grades dropped after concussion. Higher initial symptom severity rating (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08, Conclusions: Children and adolescents reported missing a median of 2 days of school following concussion, and more missed school time after a concussion was associated with more severe concussion symptoms and perception of grades dropping. These findings may support recommendations for minimal delays in return-to-learn after concussion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753046-8
ISSN	2326-3660 ; 0091-3847
ISSN (online)	2326-3660
ISSN	0091-3847
DOI	10.1080/00913847.2024.2344435
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Article ; Online: Epilepsy syndromes in cerebral palsy: varied, evolving and mostly self-limited.

Cooper, Monica S / Mackay, Mark T / Dagia, Charuta / Fahey, Michael C / Howell, Katherine B / Reddihough, Dinah / Reid, Susan / Harvey, A Simon

Brain : a journal of neurology

2022 Volume 146, Issue 2, Page(s) 587–599

Abstract: Seizures occur in approximately one-third of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to determine epilepsy syndromes in children with seizures and cerebral palsy due to vascular injury, anticipating that this would inform treatment and prognosis. ... ...

Abstract	Seizures occur in approximately one-third of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to determine epilepsy syndromes in children with seizures and cerebral palsy due to vascular injury, anticipating that this would inform treatment and prognosis. We studied a population-based cohort of children with cerebral palsy due to prenatal or perinatal vascular injuries, born 1999-2006. Each child's MRI was reviewed to characterize patterns of grey and white matter injury. Children with syndromic or likely genetic causes of cerebral palsy were excluded, given their inherent association with epilepsy and our aim to study a homogeneous cohort of classical cerebral palsy. Chart review, parent interview and EEGs were used to determine epilepsy syndromes and seizure outcomes. Of 256 children, 93 (36%) had one or more febrile or afebrile seizures beyond the neonatal period and 87 (34%) had epilepsy. Children with seizures were more likely to have had neonatal seizures, have spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy and function within Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV or V. Fifty-six (60%) children with seizures had electroclinical features of a self-limited focal epilepsy of childhood; we diagnosed these children with a self-limited focal epilepsy-variant given the current International League Against Epilepsy classification precludes a diagnosis of self-limited focal epilepsy in children with a brain lesion. Other epilepsy syndromes were focal epilepsy-not otherwise specified in 28, infantile spasms syndrome in 11, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in three, genetic generalized epilepsies in two and febrile seizures in nine. No epilepsy syndrome could be assigned in seven children with no EEG. Twenty-one changed syndrome classification during childhood. Self-limited focal epilepsy-variant usually manifested with a mix of autonomic and brachio-facial motor features, and occipital and/or centro-temporal spikes on EEG. Of those with self-limited focal epilepsy-variant, 42/56 (75%) had not had a seizure for >2 years. Favourable seizure outcomes were also seen in some children with infantile spasms syndrome and focal epilepsy-not otherwise specified. Of the 93 children with seizures, at last follow-up (mean age 15 years), 61/91 (67%) had not had a seizure in >2 years. Children with cerebral palsy and seizures can be assigned specific epilepsy syndrome diagnoses typically reserved for normally developing children, those syndromes commonly being age-dependent and self-limited. Compared to typically developing children with epilepsy, self-limited focal epilepsy-variant occurs much more commonly in children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. These findings have important implications for treatment and prognosis of epilepsy in cerebral palsy, and research into pathogenesis of self-limited focal epilepsy.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Spasms, Infantile/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Electroencephalography ; Syndrome ; Seizures
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awac274
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Article ; Online: Ultrafast-UV laser integrating cavity device for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

Ambardar, Sharad / Howell, Mark C / Mayilsamy, Karthick / McGill, Andrew / Green, Ryan / Mohapatra, Subhra / Voronine, Dmitri V / Mohapatra, Shyam S

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 11935

Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-based methods used for viral inactivation have provided an important avenue targeting severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. A major problem with state-of-the-art UV inactivation technology is ... ...

Abstract	Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-based methods used for viral inactivation have provided an important avenue targeting severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. A major problem with state-of-the-art UV inactivation technology is that it is based on UV lamps, which have limited efficiency, require high power, large doses, and long irradiation times. These drawbacks limit the use of UV lamps in air filtering systems and other applications. To address these limitations, herein we report on the fabrication of a device comprising a pulsed nanosecond 266 nm UV laser coupled to an integrating cavity (LIC) composed of a UV reflective material, polytetrafluoroethylene. Previous UV lamp inactivation cavities were based on polished walls with specular reflections, but the diffuse reflective UV ICs were not thoroughly explored for virus inactivation. Our results show that LIC device can inactivate several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2, at ~ 1 ms effective irradiation time, with > 2 orders of magnitude higher efficiency compared to UV lamps. The demonstrated 3 orders of magnitude cavity enhancement relative to direct exposure is crucial for the development of efficient real-time UV air and water purification systems. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of LIC application for broad viral inactivation with high efficiency.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Disinfection/methods ; Humans ; Lasers ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Virus Inactivation/radiation effects ; Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-13670-8
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Article ; Online: EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer cells using RNA sequencing and analytical bioinformatics tools.

Howell, Mark C / Green, Ryan / Cianne, Junior / Dayhoff, Guy W / Uversky, Vladimir N / Mohapatra, Shyam / Mohapatra, Subhra

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2022 Volume 41, Issue 19, Page(s) 9808–9827

Abstract: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling and EGFR mutations play key roles in cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the development of drug resistance. For the ∼20% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that harbor an activating ... ...

Abstract	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling and EGFR mutations play key roles in cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the development of drug resistance. For the ∼20% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that harbor an activating mutation, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide initial clinical responses. However, long-term efficacy is not possible due to acquired drug resistance. Despite a gradually increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the development of resistance in tumors, there has been very little success in overcoming it and it is probable that many additional mechanisms are still unknown. Herein, publicly available RNASeq (RNA sequencing) datasets comparing lung cancer cell lines treated with EGFR TKIs until resistance developed with their corresponding parental cells and protein array data from our own EGFR TKI treated xenograft tumors, were analyzed for differential gene expression, with the intent to investigate the potential mechanisms of drug resistance to EGFR TKIs. Pathway analysis, as well as structural disorder analysis of proteins in these pathways, revealed several key proteins, including DUSP1, DUSP6, GAB2, and FOS, that could be targeted using novel combination therapies to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Mutation ; ErbB Receptors/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Cell Line, Tumor
Chemical Substances	Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1) ; EGFR protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2022.2153269
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Article ; Online: Expanding the Catalog of Patient and Caregiver Out-of-Pocket Costs: A Systematic Literature Review.

Schmidt, Theresa / Juday, Christine / Patel, Palak / Karmarkar, Taruja / Smith-Howell, Esther Renee / Fendrick, A Mark

Population health management

2023 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–83

Abstract: Out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenditures in the United States have increased significantly in the past 5 decades. Most research on OOP costs focuses on expenditures related to insurance and cost-sharing payments or on costs related to specific ... ...

Abstract	Out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenditures in the United States have increased significantly in the past 5 decades. Most research on OOP costs focuses on expenditures related to insurance and cost-sharing payments or on costs related to specific conditions or settings, and does not capture the full picture of the financial burden on patients and unpaid caregivers. The aim for this systematic literature review was to identify and categorize the multitude of OOP costs to patients and unpaid caregivers, aid in the development of a more comprehensive catalog of OOP costs, and highlight potential gaps in the literature. The authors found that OOP costs are multifarious and underestimated. Across 817 included articles, the authors identified 31 subcategories of OOP costs related to direct medical (eg, insurance premiums), direct nonmedical (eg, transportation), and indirect spending (eg, absenteeism). In addition, 42% of articles studied an expenditure that the authors did not label as "OOP." A holistic and comprehensive catalog of OOP costs can inform future research, interventions, and policies related to financial barriers to health care in the United States to ensure the full range of costs for patients and unpaid caregivers are acknowledged and addressed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Caregivers ; Health Expenditures ; Delivery of Health Care ; Cost Sharing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2454546-6
ISSN	1942-7905 ; 1942-7891
ISSN (online)	1942-7905
ISSN	1942-7891
DOI	10.1089/pop.2023.0238
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Article ; Online: A biomarker signature to predict complete response to itacitinib and corticosteroids in acute graft-versus-host disease.

Pratta, Michael / Paczesny, Sophie / Socie, Gerard / Barkey, Natalie / Liu, Hao / Owens, Sherry / Arbushites, Michael C / Schroeder, Mark A / Howell, Michael D

British journal of haematology

2022 Volume 198, Issue 4, Page(s) 729–739

Abstract: A broad proteomic analysis was conducted to identify and evaluate candidate biomarkers potentially predictive of response to treatment with an oral selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, itacitinib, in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Plasma ... ...

Abstract	A broad proteomic analysis was conducted to identify and evaluate candidate biomarkers potentially predictive of response to treatment with an oral selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, itacitinib, in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Plasma samples from 25 participants (identification cohort; NCT02614612) were used to identify novel biomarkers that were tested in a validation cohort from a placebo-controlled, randomised trial (n = 210; NCT03139604). The identification cohort received corticosteroids plus 200 or 300 mg itacitinib once daily. The validation cohort received corticosteroids plus 200 mg itacitinib once daily or placebo. A broad proteomic analysis was conducted using a proximity extension assay. Baseline and longitudinal comparisons were performed with unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance used to evaluate biomarker level changes. Seven candidate biomarkers were identified. Monocyte-chemotactic protein (MCP)3, pro-calcitonin/calcitonin (ProCALCA/CALCA), together with a previously identified prognostic acute GVHD biomarker, regenerating islet-derived protein (REG)3A, stratified complete responders from non-responders (participants with progressive disease) to itacitinib, but not placebo, potentially representing predictive biomarkers of itacitinib in acute GVHD. ProCALCA/CALCA, suppressor of tumorigenicity (ST)2, and tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 were significantly reduced over time by itacitinib in responders, potentially representing response-to-treatment biomarkers. Novel biomarkers have the potential to identify patients with acute GVHD that may respond to itacitinib plus corticosteroid treatment (NCT02614612; NCT03139604).
MeSH term(s)	Acetonitriles ; Acute Disease ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy ; Graft vs Host Disease/etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Proteomics ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles
Chemical Substances	Acetonitriles ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Biomarkers ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; itacitinib (19J3781LPM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80077-6
ISSN	1365-2141 ; 0007-1048
ISSN (online)	1365-2141
ISSN	0007-1048
DOI	10.1111/bjh.18300
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Article ; Online: Influence of Personal and Injury-Related Factors Predicting Deficits in Quality of Life Domains Among Pediatric Athletes: Findings From the Sport Concussion Outcomes in Pediatrics Study.

Valovich McLeod, Tamara C / Snedden, Traci / Halstead, Mark / Wilson, Julie / Master, Christina / Grady, Matthew / Fazekas, Matthew / Santana, Jonathan / Zaslow, Tracy / Miller, Shane / Coel, Rachel / Howell, David R

Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine

2023 Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 489–496

Abstract: Objective: To examine patient and injury factors that may predict quality of life (QoL) and symptom duration after concussion.: Design: Prospective, longitudinal.: Settings: Six children's hospital-based medical centers and 9 secondary school ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine patient and injury factors that may predict quality of life (QoL) and symptom duration after concussion. Design: Prospective, longitudinal. Settings: Six children's hospital-based medical centers and 9 secondary school athletic training facilities. Patients: Pediatric patients (8-18 years) were enrolled as part of the Sport Concussion Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) study during their initial visit for a diagnosis of sport-related concussion. Interventions: Patients completed a medical history, the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-25 (PROMIS-PP). Main outcome measures: Eight predictor variables [age, sex, assessment time, loss of consciousness, amnesia and history of concussion, migraines, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or (ADHD)] were assessed using regression models constructed for each dependent variable. Results: A total of 244 patients (15.1 ± 2.1 years, 41% female) were enrolled (mean = 5 ± 3 days after concussion; range = 1-14 days). Female sex, later initial assessment, and presence of amnesia were associated with lower QoL scores on several domains, whereas loss of consciousness was associated with higher QoL for fatigue. A history of migraines was associated with lower peer relationship QoL. Patients who subsequently developed persisting symptoms had lower mobility scores and higher anxiety, depressive symptom, fatigue, and pain interference scores. Conclusions: Female sex, later clinic presentation, and amnesia were associated with a lower QoL related to mobility, anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference. Interestingly, previous concussion and preinjury ADHD diagnosis did not negatively impact postinjury QoL at the initial visit. Future studies should assess the influence of these factors on QoL at later postinjury time points using a concussion-specific outcomes instrument.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Female ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Athletic Injuries/complications ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Post-Concussion Syndrome/diagnosis ; Post-Concussion Syndrome/complications ; Sports ; Athletes ; Amnesia ; Unconsciousness ; Migraine Disorders/complications ; Pain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1062530-6
ISSN	1536-3724 ; 1050-642X
ISSN (online)	1536-3724
ISSN	1050-642X
DOI	10.1097/JSM.0000000000001140
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