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Article ; Online: Polio Eradication: Status, Struggles and Strategies.

Bandyopadhyay, Ananda S / Burke, Rachel M / Hawes, Kaija M

The Pediatric infectious disease journal

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392481-6
ISSN	1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
ISSN (online)	1532-0987
ISSN	0891-3668
DOI	10.1097/INF.0000000000004330
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Article ; Online: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Modulators.

Burke, Andrew / Thomson, Rachel M / Wainwright, Claire E / Bell, Scott C

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

2023 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 287–296

Abstract: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria which represent opportunistic pathogens that are of increasing concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The acquisition has been traditionally though to be from environmental sources, ... ...

Abstract	Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria which represent opportunistic pathogens that are of increasing concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The acquisition has been traditionally though to be from environmental sources, though recent work has suggested clustered clonal infections do occur and transmission potential demonstrated among pwCF attending CF specialist centers. Guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and identification of NTM and management of pwCF have been published. The emergence of CF-specific therapies, in particular cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs, have led to significant improvement in the health and well-being of pwCF and may lead to challenges in sampling the lower respiratory tract including to screen for NTM. This review highlights the epidemiology, modes of acquisition, screening and diagnosis, therapeutic approaches in the context of improved clinical status for pwCF, and the clinical application of CFTR modulator therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1183617-9
ISSN	1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
ISSN (online)	1098-9048
ISSN	1069-3424
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1759883
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Article ; Online: Mountaintop removal coal mining impacts on structural and functional indicators in Central Appalachian streams.

Burke, Roger A / Fritz, Ken M / Johnson, Brent R / Price, Rachel

Frontiers in water

2023 Volume 4, Page(s) 1–19

Abstract: Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTR) has been a major source of landscape change in the Central Appalachians of the United States (US). Changes in stream hydrology, channel geomorphology and water quality caused by MTR coal mining can lead to severe ... ...

Abstract	Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTR) has been a major source of landscape change in the Central Appalachians of the United States (US). Changes in stream hydrology, channel geomorphology and water quality caused by MTR coal mining can lead to severe impairment of stream ecological integrity. The objective of the Clean Water Act (CWA) is to restore and maintain the ecological integrity of the Nation's waters. Sensitive, readily measured indicators of ecosystem structure and function are needed for the assessment of stream ecological integrity. Most CWA assessments rely on structural indicators; inclusion of functional indicators could make these assessments more holistic and effective. The goals of this study were: (1) test the efficacy of selected carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and microbial structural and functional indicators for assessing MTR coal mining impacts on streams; (2) determine whether indicators respond to impacts in a predictable manner; and (3) determine if functional indicators are less likely to change than are structural indicators in response to stressors associated with MTR coal mining. The structural indicators are water quality and sediment organic matter concentrations, and the functional indicators relate to microbial activity and biofilm production. Seasonal measurements were conducted over the course of a year in streams draining small MTR-impacted and forested watersheds in the Twentymile Creek watershed of West Virginia (WV). Five of the eight structural parameters measured had significant responses, with all means greater in the MTR-impacted streams than in the forested streams. These responses resulted from changes in source or augmentation of the original source of the C and N structural parameters because of MTR coal mining. Nitrate concentration and the stable carbon isotopic ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon were the most effective indicators evaluated in this study. Only three of the fourteen functional indicators measured had significant responses to MTR coal mining, with all means greater in the forested streams than in the MTR-impacted streams. These results suggest that stressors associated with MTR coal mining caused reduction in some aspects of microbial cycling, but resource subsidies may have counterbalanced some of the inhibition leading to no observable change in most of the functional indicators. The detritus base, which is thought to confer functional stability, was likely sustained in the MTR-impacted streams by channel storage and/or leaf litter inputs from their largely intact riparian zones. Overall, our results largely support the hypothesis that certain functional processes are more resistant to stress induced change than structural properties but also suggest the difficulty of identifying suitable functional indicators for ecological integrity assessment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-9375
ISSN (online)	2624-9375
DOI	10.3389/frwa.2022.988061
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Article ; Online: Global Experience With Rotavirus Vaccines.

Burke, Rachel M / Tate, Jacqueline E / Parashar, Umesh D

The Journal of infectious diseases

2022 Volume 224, Issue 12 Suppl 2, Page(s) S792–S800

Abstract: Rotavirus is a major cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, 2 live, oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, were licensed for use in infants and were rapidly adopted in many high- and middle-income settings where efficacy had been ... ...

Abstract	Rotavirus is a major cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, 2 live, oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, were licensed for use in infants and were rapidly adopted in many high- and middle-income settings where efficacy had been demonstrated in clinical trials. Following completion of successful trials in low-income settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rotavirus vaccination for all infants globally in 2009. In 2018, 2 new rotavirus vaccines, Rotasiil and Rotavac, were prequalified by WHO, expanding global availability. As of March 2021, rotavirus vaccines have been introduced nationally in 106 countries. Since, Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against severe disease and mortality, even among age groups in eligible for vaccination. Cross-genotypic protection has been demonstrated, and the favorable benefit-risk profile of these vaccines continues to be confirmed. Ongoing research seeks to better understand reasons for the geographic disparities in effectiveness observed, in order to optimize vaccine strategies worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Global Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Rotavirus/immunology ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Chemical Substances	Rotavirus Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiab399
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Article ; Online: Quality measurement and nursing homes: measuring what matters.

Burke, Robert E / Werner, Rachel M

BMJ quality & safety

2019 Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) 520–523

MeSH term(s)	Hospitalization ; Humans ; Nursing Homes
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2592909-4
ISSN	2044-5423 ; 2044-5415
ISSN (online)	2044-5423
ISSN	2044-5415
DOI	10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009447
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Article ; Online: Female Athlete Research Camp: A Unique Model for Conducting Research in High-Performance Female Athletes.

McKay, Alannah K A / Minahan, Clare / Harris, Rachel / McCormick, Rachel / Skinner, Jessica / Ackerman, Kathryn E / Burke, Louise M

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2023 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 706–716

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of a novel research protocol for conducting research with highly trained female athletes, including characterizing menstrual cycle (MC) function, hormonal profiles and symptoms of the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of a novel research protocol for conducting research with highly trained female athletes, including characterizing menstrual cycle (MC) function, hormonal profiles and symptoms of the participating athletes. Methods: Twenty-four Australian First Nation female Rugby League athletes completed this study, which involved 11 wk of cycle tracking, followed by attendance at a 5-wk training camp. Throughout the study, athletes completed a daily survey, reporting their MC function and any associated symptoms. During the training camp, athletes reported to the laboratory on three occasions and provided a venous blood sample, which was analyzed for reproductive hormones. For naturally cycling athletes (athleteNC, n = 11), this included phase 1, 2, and 4 of the menstrual cycle, whereas athletes using hormonal contraception (athleteHC; n = 13) were tested at three equally spaced time points in which consistent exogenous hormone provision occurred. Results: In the athleteNC cohort, just one athlete reached criteria for classification as eumenorrheic, with five athletes showing evidence of MC dysfunction. The prevalence of symptoms on any given day was similar between athleteNC (33.7%) and athleteHC (22.9%; P = 0.376); however, more symptoms were reported in athleteNC, suggesting that they were more likely to report multiple symptoms. Regardless of MC function, there was a significant, positive association between bleeding and symptoms ( P < 0.001), where athletes were more likely to report one or more symptoms on bleeding (50.1%) compared with nonbleeding days (22.0%). Conclusions: We describe an innovative strategy to investigate the effect of MC function and MC phase in a high-performance sport environment, including approaches to address the challenges of undertaking research with female athletes with MC variability and those using exogenous hormonal therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Australia ; Athletes ; Sports ; Menstrual Cycle ; Bicycling
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003354
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Article ; Online: Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Hormonal Contraceptives on Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Composition.

Kuikman, Megan A / McKay, Alannah K A / Minahan, Clare / Harris, Rachel / Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J / Stellingwerff, Trent / Smith, Ella S / McCormick, Rachel / Tee, Nicolin / Skinner, Jessica / Ackerman, Kathryn E / Burke, Louise M

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

2024 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: The cyclical changes in sex hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) are associated with various biological changes that may alter resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition estimates. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use must also be considered given ... ...

Abstract	The cyclical changes in sex hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) are associated with various biological changes that may alter resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition estimates. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use must also be considered given their impact on endogenous sex hormone concentrations and synchronous exogenous profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine if RMR and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates change across the MC and differ compared with HC users. This was accomplished during a 5-week training camp involving naturally cycling athletes (n = 11) and HC users (n = 7 subdermal progestin implant, n = 4 combined monophasic oral contraceptive pill, n = 1 injection) from the National Rugby League Indigenous Women's Academy. MC phase was retrospectively confirmed via serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations and a positive ovulation test. HC users had serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations assessed at the time point of testing. Results were analyzed using general linear mixed model. There was no effect of MC phase on absolute RMR (p = .877), relative RMR (p = .957), or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates (p > .05). There was no effect of HC use on absolute RMR (p = .069), relative RMR (p = .679), or fat mass estimates (p = .766), but HC users had a greater fat-free mass and lean body mass than naturally cycling athletes (p = .028). Our findings suggest that RMR and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates do not significantly differ due to changes in sex hormones in a group of athletes, and measurements can be compared between MC phases or with HC usage without variations in sex hormones causing additional noise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1101115-4
ISSN	1543-2742 ; 1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
ISSN (online)	1543-2742
ISSN	1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
DOI	10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0193
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Article: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas: an update on a rare neoplasm from the SEER database.

Ford, Jacob A / Bhatt, Arjun / Kim, Rachel C / Larkins, Michael / Burke, Aidan M

Frontiers in oncology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1272740

Abstract: Introduction: Pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma is a rare type of pancreatic cancer of ductal origin, composing an estimated 0.5 - 5% of pancreatic ductal malignancies. As a result, epidemiology, treatment options, and associated outcomes are poorly ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma is a rare type of pancreatic cancer of ductal origin, composing an estimated 0.5 - 5% of pancreatic ductal malignancies. As a result, epidemiology, treatment options, and associated outcomes are poorly understood and understudied. Our aim was two-fold: to evaluate demographic trends and analyze overall survival (OS) associated with different treatment modalities for this rare malignancy. Methods: Patients with pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1992 and 2019 were eligible and reviewed utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry (SEER) database. Data was analyzed using SPSS and python packages lifelines and pandas. Variables of interest included stage at diagnosis as well as the receipt of surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Five-year OS curves were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier probability stratified by treatment modality. Results: Of 342 cases of pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma, 170 (49.7%) were females and 172 (50.3%) were males. 72 (21.1%) of patients received radiotherapy, 123 (35.9%) patients received chemotherapy, and 47 (13.7%) received surgery. Patients who were diagnosed under the age of 50 had prolonged survival time compared to those diagnosed over the age of 50 (12 vs 8 months, respectively, p < 0.001). This trend was evident despite the lack of a significant association between age at diagnosis and presence of metastases (p = 0.524). The median OS was 3 months for the entire cohort and there was a significant difference in median survival time noted across treatment modalities: OS was prolonged in those receiving surgery compared to those receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone (30 vs 2 months, respectively, (p<0.001)). Receipt of radiotherapy was not associated with a significant difference in OS compared to those who did not receive radiotherapy. Conclusion: Pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of pancreatic cancer and typically portends a poor prognosis. As demonstrated by our study, surgery offers prolonged overall survival compared to other treatment modalities. Age at diagnosis and presence of metastatic disease are also important prognostic factors likely related to patients' ability to tolerate surgery or physician willingness to offer surgery. Given the importance of surgery on outcomes, it may be reasonable to offer it in the oligometastatic setting in patients who are otherwise a good candidate. Future research on larger cohorts is warranted to investigate the role that modality selection plays in overall survival rates in this understudied malignancy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2023.1272740
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Article ; Online: The Percentage of Children Who Developed Type 1 Diabetes After Rotavirus Vaccination-Reply.

Burke, Rachel M / Tate, Jacqueline E / Parashar, Umesh D

JAMA pediatrics

2020 Volume 174, Issue 9, Page(s) 909–910

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology ; Humans ; Insurance ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Vaccination
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1082
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Article: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Modulators

Burke, Andrew / Thomson, Rachel M. / Wainwright, Claire E. / Bell, Scott C.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

(Cystic Fibrosis)

2023 Volume 44, Issue 02, Page(s) 287–296

Series title	Cystic Fibrosis
Abstract	Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria which represent opportunistic pathogens that are of increasing concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The acquisition has been traditionally though to be from environmental sources, though recent work has suggested clustered clonal infections do occur and transmission potential demonstrated among pwCF attending CF specialist centers. Guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and identification of NTM and management of pwCF have been published. The emergence of CF-specific therapies, in particular cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs, have led to significant improvement in the health and well-being of pwCF and may lead to challenges in sampling the lower respiratory tract including to screen for NTM. This review highlights the epidemiology, modes of acquisition, screening and diagnosis, therapeutic approaches in the context of improved clinical status for pwCF, and the clinical application of CFTR modulator therapies.
Keywords	cystic fibrosis ; nontuberculous mycobacteria ; complex ; CFTR modulator ; epidemiology ; environmental exposure
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1183617-9
ISSN	1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
ISSN (online)	1098-9048
ISSN	1069-3424
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1759883
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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