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Article ; Online: Automated target placement for VMAT lattice radiation therapy: enhancing efficiency and consistency.

Deufel, Christopher / Dodoo, Christopher / Kavanaugh, James / Finley, Randi / Lang, Karen / Sorenson, Kasie / Spreiter, Sheri / Brooks, Jamison / Moseley, Douglas / Ahmed, Safia K / Haddock, Michael G / Ma, Daniel / Park, Sean S / Petersen, Ivy A / Owen, Dawn W / Grams, Michael P

Physics in medicine and biology

2024 Volume 69, Issue 7

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Objective
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Algorithms ; Benchmarking ; Monte Carlo Method ; Organs at Risk
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208857-5
ISSN	1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
ISSN (online)	1361-6560
ISSN	0031-9155
DOI	10.1088/1361-6560/ad2ee8
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Article ; Online: Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel

Miller, Christopher H / Taylor, Chanel / Owen, Jeremy G / Patrick, Wayne M / Vickers, Chelsea J

Microbiology resource announcements

2022 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) e0003022

Abstract: In the process of studying the relationship between marine macroalgae and their bacterial symbionts, we isolated a new species ... ...

Abstract	In the process of studying the relationship between marine macroalgae and their bacterial symbionts, we isolated a new species of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/mra.00030-22
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Article ; Online: Natural capital approaches for the optimal design of policies for nature recovery.

Day, Brett / Mancini, Mattia / Bateman, Ian J / Binner, Amy / Cho, Frankie / de Gol, Anthony / Ferguson-Gow, Henry / Fezzi, Carlo / Lee, Christopher / Liuzzo, Lorena / Lovett, Andrew / Owen, Nathan / Pearson, Richard G / Smith, Greg

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2024 Volume 379, Issue 1903, Page(s) 20220327

Abstract: By embedding a spatially explicit ecosystem services modelling tool within a policy simulator we examine the insights that natural capital analysis can bring to the design of policies for nature recovery. Our study is illustrated through a case example ... ...

Abstract	By embedding a spatially explicit ecosystem services modelling tool within a policy simulator we examine the insights that natural capital analysis can bring to the design of policies for nature recovery. Our study is illustrated through a case example of policies incentivising the establishment of new natural habitat in England. We find that a policy mirroring the current practice of offering payments per hectare of habitat creation fails to break even, delivering less value in improved flows of ecosystem services than public money spent and only 26% of that which is theoretically achievable. Using optimization methods, we discover that progressively more efficient outcomes are delivered by policies that optimally price activities (34%), quantities of environmental change (55%) and ecosystem service value flows (81%). Further, we show that additionally attaining targets for unmonetized ecosystem services (in our case, biodiversity) demands trade-offs in delivery of monetized services. For some policy instruments it is not even possible to achieve the targets. Finally, we establish that extending policy instruments to offer payments for unmonetized services delivers target-achieving and value-maximizing policy designs. Our findings reveal that policy design is of first-order importance in determining the efficiency and efficacy of programmes pursuing nature recovery. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.
MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Ecosystem ; England ; Biodiversity ; Environmental Policy/legislation & jurisprudence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2022.0327
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Article ; Online: GWAS on retinal vasculometry phenotypes.

Jiang, Xiaofan / Hysi, Pirro G / Khawaja, Anthony P / Mahroo, Omar A / Xu, Zihe / Hammond, Christopher J / Foster, Paul J / Welikala, Roshan A / Barman, Sarah A / Whincup, Peter H / Rudnicka, Alicja R / Owen, Christopher G / Strachan, David P

PLoS genetics

2023 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e1010583

Abstract: The eye is the window through which light is transmitted and visual sensory signalling originates. It is also a window through which elements of the cardiovascular and nervous systems can be directly inspected, using ophthalmoscopy or retinal imaging. ... ...

Abstract	The eye is the window through which light is transmitted and visual sensory signalling originates. It is also a window through which elements of the cardiovascular and nervous systems can be directly inspected, using ophthalmoscopy or retinal imaging. Measurements of ocular parameters may therefore offer important information on the physiology and homeostasis of these two important systems. Here we report the results of a genetic characterisation of retinal vasculature. Four genome-wide association studies performed on different aspects of retinal vasculometry phenotypes, such as arteriolar and venular tortuosity and width, found significant similarities between retinal vascular characteristics and cardiometabolic health. Our analyses identified 119 different regions of association with traits of retinal vasculature, including 89 loci associated arteriolar tortuosity, the strongest of which was rs35131825 (p = 2.00×10-108), 2 loci with arteriolar width (rs12969347, p = 3.30×10-09 and rs5442, p = 1.9E-15), 17 other loci associated with venular tortuosity and 11 novel associations with venular width. Our causal inference analyses also found that factors linked to arteriolar tortuosity cause elevated diastolic blood pressure and not vice versa.
MeSH term(s)	Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors ; Retinal Vessels ; Retina ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1010583
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Article ; Online: Automated analysis of vessel morphometry in retinal images from a Danish high street optician setting.

Freiberg, Josefine / Welikala, Roshan A / Rovelt, Jens / Owen, Christopher G / Rudnicka, Alicja R / Kolko, Miriam / Barman, Sarah A

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0290278

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the test performance of the QUARTZ (QUantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and siZe) software in detecting retinal features from retinal images captured by health care professionals in a Danish high street optician chain, ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the test performance of the QUARTZ (QUantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and siZe) software in detecting retinal features from retinal images captured by health care professionals in a Danish high street optician chain, compared with test performance from other large population studies (i.e., UK Biobank) where retinal images were captured by non-experts. Method: The dataset FOREVERP (Finding Ophthalmic Risk and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability, Pilot) contains retinal images obtained from a Danish high street optician chain. The QUARTZ algorithm utilizes both image processing and machine learning methods to determine retinal image quality, vessel segmentation, vessel width, vessel classification (arterioles or venules), and optic disc localization. Outcomes were evaluated by metrics including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and compared to human expert ground truths. Results: QUARTZ's performance was evaluated on a subset of 3,682 images from the FOREVERP database. 80.55% of the FOREVERP images were labelled as being of adequate quality compared to 71.53% of UK Biobank images, with a vessel segmentation sensitivity of 74.64% and specificity of 98.41% (FOREVERP) compared with a sensitivity of 69.12% and specificity of 98.88% (UK Biobank). The mean (± standard deviation) vessel width of the ground truth was 16.21 (4.73) pixels compared to that predicted by QUARTZ of 17.01 (4.49) pixels, resulting in a difference of -0.8 (1.96) pixels. The differences were stable across a range of vessels. The detection rate for optic disc localisation was similar for the two datasets. Conclusion: QUARTZ showed high performance when evaluated on the FOREVERP dataset, and demonstrated robustness across datasets, providing validity to direct comparisons and pooling of retinal feature measures across data sources.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quartz ; Reproducibility of Results ; Allied Health Personnel ; Optic Disk ; Denmark
Chemical Substances	Quartz (14808-60-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290278
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Article ; Online: Commentary: effect of initial breastfeeding on cardiovascular risk in later life--a perspective from lower-middle-income countries.

Owen, Christopher G

International journal of epidemiology

2011 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–64

MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Anthropometry ; Body Composition ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Female ; Guatemala/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Philippines/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyq194
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Article ; Online: Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Activity Is Required for the Phenotypes of the Rpl24

Knight, John R P / Proud, Christopher G / Mallucci, Giovanna / von der Haar, Tobias / Smales, C Mark / Willis, Anne E / Sansom, Owen J

The Journal of investigative dermatology

2022 Volume 142, Issue 12, Page(s) 3346–3348.e1

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/genetics ; Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Elongation Factor 2 Kinase (EC 2.7.11.20) ; ribosomal protein L24
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80136-7
ISSN	1523-1747 ; 0022-202X
ISSN (online)	1523-1747
ISSN	0022-202X
DOI	10.1016/j.jid.2022.06.019
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Article ; Online: The ASPREE Healthy Ageing Biobank: Methodology and participant characteristics.

Parker, Emily J / Orchard, Suzanne G / Gilbert, Tom J / Phung, James J / Owen, Alice J / Lockett, Trevor / Nelson, Mark R / Reid, Christopher M / Tonkin, Andrew M / Abhayaratna, Walter P / Gibbs, Peter / McNeil, John J / Woods, Robyn L

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0294743

Abstract: ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE), a placebo-controlled prevention trial of low dose aspirin, provided the opportunity to establish a biospecimen biobank from initially healthy persons aged 70+ years for future research. The ASPREE ... ...

Abstract	ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE), a placebo-controlled prevention trial of low dose aspirin, provided the opportunity to establish a biospecimen biobank from initially healthy persons aged 70+ years for future research. The ASPREE Healthy Ageing Biobank (ASPREE Biobank) collected, processed and stored blood and urine samples at -80degC or under nitrogen vapour at two timepoints, three years apart, from a willing subset of Australian ASPREE participants. Written informed consent included separate opt-in questions for biomarker and genetic testing. Fractionated blood and urine were aliquoted into multiple low-volume, barcoded cryotubes for frozen storage within 4 hours of collection. Specially designed and outfitted mobile laboratories provided opportunities for participation by people in regional and rural areas. Detailed, high quality demographic, physiological and clinical data were collected annually through the ASPREE trial. 12,219 participants contributed blood/urine at the first timepoint, 10,617 of these older adults provided 3-year follow-up samples, and an additional 1,712 provided saliva for DNA. The mean participant age was 74 years, 54% were female and 46% lived outside major cities. Despite geographical and logistical challenges, nearly 100% of blood/urine specimens were processed and frozen within 4 hours of collection into >1.4 million aliquots. After a median of 4.7 years, major clinical events among ASPREE Biobank participants included 332 with dementia, 613 with cardiovascular disease events, 1259 with cancer, 357 with major bleeds and 615 had died. The ASPREE Biobank houses and curates a large number of biospecimens collected prior to the clinical manifestations of major disease, and 3-year follow-up samples, all linked to high quality, extensive phenotypic information. This provides the opportunity to identify or validate diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and potentially study biological effectors, of ageing-related diseases or maintenance of older-age good health.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Healthy Aging ; Australia ; Body Fluids ; Aspirin ; Hematuria
Chemical Substances	Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0294743
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Article ; Online: Low albumin level is more strongly associated with adverse outcomes and Staphylococcus aureus infection than hemoglobin A1C or smoking tobacco.

Campbell, Michael P / Mott, Makinzie D / Owen, John R / Reznicek, Julie E / Beck, Christopher A / Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar / Golladay, Gregory J / Kates, Stephen L

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

2022 Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 2670–2677

Abstract: Postsurgical deep musculoskeletal infections are a major clinical problem in Orthopaedic Surgery. A serum-based nomogram, which can objectively risk-stratify patients, and aid surgeons in delineating infection risk associated with orthopedic surgical ... ...

Abstract	Postsurgical deep musculoskeletal infections are a major clinical problem in Orthopaedic Surgery. A serum-based nomogram, which can objectively risk-stratify patients, and aid surgeons in delineating infection risk associated with orthopedic surgical interventions, would be immensely helpful. Here, we constructed a multi-parametric nomogram based on serum anti-Staphylococcus aureus antibody responses, patient characteristics including demographics and standard clinical tests. This nomogram was formally tested in a prospective cohort study comparing 303 hospitalized patients with culture-confirmed S. aureus infection compared with a cohort of 223 healthy screened preoperative patients. Serum anti-S. aureus antibody responses, standard of care clinical tests, and patient demographic data were utilized to perform multivariate logistic regression analysis to quantify the presence of infection and adverse outcome using odds ratios (OR) and to assess predictive ability via area under the ROC curve (AUC). At enrollment, high anti-S. aureus IgG titers were predictive of infection. Remarkably, low serum albumin was found to be significantly associated with infection (OR = 479.963, 95% CI 61.59 - 3740.33, p < 0.0001) and this finding was surprisingly higher than BMI or HbA1c-associations. Combining all risk factors in the nomogram yielded a diagnostic AUC of 0.949 for predicting S. aureus infection. Our results indicate that a serum-based multi-parametric nomogram can be useful in diagnosing S. aureus infections, and importantly, malnourishment is significantly associated with these infections.
MeSH term(s)	Glycated Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Prospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Smoking ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Nicotiana
Chemical Substances	Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Serum Albumin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605542-4
ISSN	1554-527X ; 0736-0266
ISSN (online)	1554-527X
ISSN	0736-0266
DOI	10.1002/jor.25282
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Article: Long-term outcomes among stable post-acute myocardial infarction patients living in rural versus urban areas: insights from the prospective, observational TIGRIS registry.

Nicolau, Jose Carlos / Owen, Ruth / Furtado, Remo H M / Goodman, Shaun G / Granger, Christopher B / Cohen, Mauricio G / Westermann, Dirk / Yasuda, Satoshi / Simon, Tabassome / Hedman, Katarina / Hunt, Phillip R / Brieger, David B / Pocock, Stuart J

Open heart

2023 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: Insights on the differences in clinical outcomes, quality of life (QoL) and health resource utilisation (HRU) with different levels of care available to post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) populations in rural and urban settings are ... ...

Abstract	Background: Insights on the differences in clinical outcomes, quality of life (QoL) and health resource utilisation (HRU) with different levels of care available to post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) populations in rural and urban settings are limited. Methods: The long-Term rIsk, clinical manaGement, and healthcare Resource utilisation of stable coronary artery dISease (TIGRIS), a prospective, observational registry, enrolled 8452 patients aged ≥50 years 1-3 years post-AMI from June 2013 to November 2014 from 24 countries in Asia Pacific/Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Differences in QoL (measured using the EuroQol Research Foundation instrument) and HRU between patients in rural and urban settings were evaluated in this post hoc analysis. The incidence of clinical endpoints (cardiovascular (CV) death, AMI, unstable angina with urgent revascularisation and stroke; bleeding; and all-cause mortality) was analysed. Data were collected at baseline and every 6 months for 24 months. Results: There were fewer hospitalisations and visits to general practitioners (GPs) and cardiologists in the rural versus urban populations (adjusted event rate ratio (ERR)=0.90 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.00, p=0.04); ERR=0.84 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92, p<0.001); ERR=0.86 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.92, p<0.001), respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed between rural and urban populations in all-cause death, AMI, unstable angina with urgent revascularisation, CV death, stroke, major bleeding events and health-related QoL. The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.15) for the composite of CV death, AMI and stroke. Conclusions: Living in rural areas was associated with fewer GP/cardiologist visits and hospitalisations; no significant differences in clinical outcomes and QoL were observed. Trial registration number: NCT01866904.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality of Life ; Prospective Studies ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Registries ; Angina, Unstable ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2053-3624
ISSN	2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/openhrt-2023-002326
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