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  1. Article ; Online: Design and Synthesis of Ubiquitin-Based Chemical Tools with Unnatural Amino Acids for Selective Detection of Deubiquitinases.

    Rut, Wioletta / Zmudzinski, Mikolaj / Drag, Marcin

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2022  Volume 2591, Page(s) 59–78

    Abstract: Several chemical approaches have been applied to develop Ub-based substrates and probes selective toward one or a narrow subset of deubiquitinases (DUBs). Since DUBs are highly specific toward ubiquitin and exhibit low activity toward shorter peptides, ... ...

    Abstract Several chemical approaches have been applied to develop Ub-based substrates and probes selective toward one or a narrow subset of deubiquitinases (DUBs). Since DUBs are highly specific toward ubiquitin and exhibit low activity toward shorter peptides, it is challenging to design truly selective chemical tools to investigate one DUB in biological samples. Incorporating amino acids other than canonical LRG at the P4-P2 positions in the Ub improves DUB activity and selectivity toward Ub derivatives. Here, we describe the protocol for identifying selective peptide sequences using a hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) approach that can be introduced in the C-terminal motif of Ub. Furthermore, we describe the synthesis protocol of Ub-based probes and substrates containing unnatural amino acids and the application of Ub-based probes to detect DUBs in cell lysates.
    MeSH term(s) Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Peptides/chemistry ; Deubiquitinating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Chemical Substances Ubiquitin ; Amino Acids ; Peptides ; Deubiquitinating Enzymes (EC 3.4.19.12)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-2803-4_5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Investigation of the P1' and P2' sites of IQF substrates and their selectivity toward 20S proteasome subunits.

    Gladysz, Radoslaw / Malek, Natalia / Rut, Wioletta / Drag, Marcin

    Biological chemistry

    2022  Volume 404, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 221–227

    Abstract: High levels of expression and activity of the 20S proteasome have been linked to many types of pathologies, including neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and many more. Moreover, distinguishing between 20S proteasome catalytic ... ...

    Abstract High levels of expression and activity of the 20S proteasome have been linked to many types of pathologies, including neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and many more. Moreover, distinguishing between 20S proteasome catalytic subunits is neglected, although it may provide further insight into the development of pathologies. Several approaches have been developed to detect 20S proteasome activity, one of which is internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) substrates, which currently suffer from low efficiency and sensitivity. Previous reports focused on peptides including natural amino acids; therefore, in this report, we synthesized and analyzed IQF substrates with both natural and unnatural amino acids in the P1' and P2' positions to investigate their influences on selectivity toward 20S proteasome subunits. We found that elongation of the substrate by the P1' and P2' positions increased specificity in comparison to tetrapeptides. Moreover, we were able to obtain IQF substrates for the Ch-L subunit, which was characterized by higher selectivity than formerly used tetrapeptides. These findings may further contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tools for 20S proteasome-dependent disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Substrate Specificity ; Binding Sites
    Chemical Substances Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1) ; Peptides ; Amino Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1334659-3
    ISSN 1437-4315 ; 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    ISSN (online) 1437-4315
    ISSN 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    DOI 10.1515/hsz-2022-0261
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mapping the substrate-binding subsite specificity of a Porphyromonas gingivalis Tpr peptidase.

    Staniec, Dominika / Rut, Wioletta / Drag, Marcin / Burmistrz, Michal / Kitching, Michael / Potempa, Jan

    Acta biochimica Polonica

    2023  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 963–968

    Abstract: Calcium-dependent peptidases of the calpain family are widespread in eukaryotes but uncommon in prokaryotes. A few bacterial calpain homologs have been discovered but none of them have been characterized in detail. Here we present an in-depth substrate ... ...

    Abstract Calcium-dependent peptidases of the calpain family are widespread in eukaryotes but uncommon in prokaryotes. A few bacterial calpain homologs have been discovered but none of them have been characterized in detail. Here we present an in-depth substrate specificity analysis of the bacterial calpain-like peptidase Tpr from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Using the positional scanning hybrid combinatorial substrate library method, we found that the specificity of Tpr peptidase differs substantially from the papain family of cysteine proteases, showing a strong preference for proline residues at positions P2 and P3. Such a degree of specificity indicates that this P. gingivalis cell-surface peptidase has a more sophisticated role than indiscriminate protein degradation to generate peptide nutrients, and may fulfil virulence-related functions such as immune evasion.
    MeSH term(s) Porphyromonas gingivalis/genetics ; Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Calpain/genetics ; Calpain/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Endopeptidases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Calpain (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-08
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 595762-x
    ISSN 1734-154X ; 0001-527X
    ISSN (online) 1734-154X
    ISSN 0001-527X
    DOI 10.18388/abp.2020_6904
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Differential specificity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease variants on peptide versus protein-based substrates.

    Rocho, Fernanda R / Snipas, Scott J / Shamim, Anwar / Rut, Wioletta / Drag, Marcin / Montanari, Carlos A / Salvesen, Guy S

    The FEBS journal

    2023  Volume 291, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–69

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 main protease ( ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/genetics ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases
    Chemical Substances 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; Peptides ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28) ; Protease Inhibitors ; Antiviral Agents ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.16970
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Human 20S proteasome activity towards fluorogenic peptides of various chain lengths.

    Rut, Wioletta / Drag, Marcin

    Biological chemistry

    2016  Volume 397, Issue 9, Page(s) 921–926

    Abstract: The proteasome is a multicatalytic protease responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins. We have synthesized fluorogenic substrates in which the peptide chain was systematically elongated from two to six amino acids and evaluated the effect of ... ...

    Abstract The proteasome is a multicatalytic protease responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins. We have synthesized fluorogenic substrates in which the peptide chain was systematically elongated from two to six amino acids and evaluated the effect of peptide length on all three catalytic activities of human 20S proteasome. In the cases of five- and six-membered peptides, we have also synthesized libraries of fluorogenic substrates. Kinetic analysis revealed that six-amino-acid substrates are significantly better for chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like activity than shorter peptidic substrates. In the case of trypsin-like activity, a five-amino-acid substrate was optimal.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fluorescent Dyes ; Peptides ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1334659-3
    ISSN 1437-4315 ; 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    ISSN (online) 1437-4315
    ISSN 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    DOI 10.1515/hsz-2016-0176
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: SARS-CoV-2 M

    Chen, Sizhu Amelia / Arutyunova, Elena / Lu, Jimmy / Khan, Muhammad Bashir / Rut, Wioletta / Zmudzinski, Mikolaj / Shahbaz, Shima / Iyyathurai, Jegan / Moussa, Eman W / Turner, Zoe / Bai, Bing / Lamer, Tess / Nieman, James A / Vederas, John C / Julien, Olivier / Drag, Marcin / Elahi, Shokrollah / Young, Howard S / Lemieux, M Joanne

    ACS central science

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 696–708

    Abstract: The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 ( ... ...

    Abstract The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2374-7943
    ISSN 2374-7943
    DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00054
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Engineered unnatural ubiquitin for optimal detection of deubiquitinating enzymes.

    Rut, Wioletta / Zmudzinski, Mikolaj / Snipas, Scott J / Bekes, Miklos / Huang, Tony T / Drag, Marcin

    Chemical science

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 23, Page(s) 6058–6069

    Abstract: Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are responsible for removing ubiquitin (Ub) from its protein conjugates. DUBs have been implicated as attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of viral diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The lack of ... ...

    Abstract Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are responsible for removing ubiquitin (Ub) from its protein conjugates. DUBs have been implicated as attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of viral diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The lack of selective chemical tools for the exploration of these enzymes significantly impairs the determination of their roles in both normal and pathological states. Commercially available fluorogenic substrates are based on the C-terminal Ub motif or contain Ub coupled to a fluorophore (Z-LRGG-AMC, Ub-AMC); therefore, these substrates suffer from lack of selectivity. By using a hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) and a defined P2 library containing a wide variety of nonproteinogenic amino acids, we established a full substrate specificity profile for two DUBs-MERS PLpro and human UCH-L3. Based on these results, we designed and synthesized Ub-based substrates and activity-based probes (ABPs) containing selected unnatural amino acids located in the C-terminal Ub motif. Biochemical analysis and cell lysate experiments confirmed the activity and selectivity of engineered Ub-based substrates and probes. Using this approach, we propose that for any protease that recognizes Ub and Ub-like substrates, a highly active and selective unnatural substrate or probe can be engineered.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2559110-1
    ISSN 2041-6539 ; 2041-6520
    ISSN (online) 2041-6539
    ISSN 2041-6520
    DOI 10.1039/d0sc01347a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Profiling of flaviviral NS2B-NS3 protease specificity provides a structural basis for the development of selective chemical tools that differentiate Dengue from Zika and West Nile viruses.

    Rut, Wioletta / Groborz, Katarzyna / Zhang, Linlin / Modrzycka, Sylwia / Poreba, Marcin / Hilgenfeld, Rolf / Drag, Marcin

    Antiviral research

    2020  Volume 175, Page(s) 104731

    Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are mosquito-borne pathogenic flaviviruses. The NS2B-NS3 proteases found in these viruses are responsible for polyprotein processing and are therefore considered promising medical targets. Another ortholog of ...

    Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are mosquito-borne pathogenic flaviviruses. The NS2B-NS3 proteases found in these viruses are responsible for polyprotein processing and are therefore considered promising medical targets. Another ortholog of these proteases is found in Zika virus (ZIKV). In this work, we applied a combinatorial chemistry approach - Hybrid Combinatorial Substrate Library (HyCoSuL), to compare the substrate specificity profile at the P4-P1 positions of the NS2B-NS3 proteases found in all three viruses. The obtained data demonstrate that Zika and West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 proteases display highly overlapping substrate specificity in all binding pockets, while the Dengue ortholog has slightly different preferences toward natural and unnatural amino acids at the P2 and P4 positions. We used this information to extract specific peptide sequences recognized by the Dengue NS2B-NS3 protease. Next, we applied this knowledge to design a selective substrate and activity-based probe for the Dengue NS2B-NS3 protease. Our work provides a structural framework for the design of inhibitors, which could be used as a lead structure for drug development efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Binding Sites ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Dengue Virus/chemistry ; Dengue Virus/enzymology ; Drug Development ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; RNA Helicases/chemistry ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism ; West Nile virus/chemistry ; West Nile virus/enzymology ; Zika Virus/chemistry ; Zika Virus/enzymology
    Chemical Substances NS2B protein, flavivirus ; NS3 protein, flavivirus ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; RNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.13)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 306628-9
    ISSN 1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
    ISSN (online) 1872-9096
    ISSN 0166-3542
    DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104731
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Perceived changes in the university students’ health behavior after participating in the study on wearing high-heeled shoes

    Miloslav Gajdos / Sona Jandova / Rut Lenkova / Bibiana Vadasova / Jakub Cuj / Wioletta Mikulakova / Pavol Nechvatal

    Physical Activity Review, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 104-

    2020  Volume 112

    Abstract: Introduction: Wearing high-heeled shoes (HH) is a wide-spread practice among Western women, maintaining popularity despite its harmful potential. We examined the main motivation behind wearing HH in female students, as well as the possible change to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Wearing high-heeled shoes (HH) is a wide-spread practice among Western women, maintaining popularity despite its harmful potential. We examined the main motivation behind wearing HH in female students, as well as the possible change to wearing HH among the research participants. Methods: Thirty university students (N=30 females, age 21.8±2.09 years; weight: 55.7±4.05 kg, height: 1.66±0.03 m, BMI: 20.34±1.41 kg.m-2, shoe size: EU 36–38), who rarely wore HH. The participants wore HH for no longer than 6 hours per month during the period two past years.The SonoSensMonitor Analyzer system (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to observe participants’ posture when walking and movements in individual sections of their spines. In a comparative experiment, the correlation between variables recorded when walking in two types of shoes was identified. The first pair of shoes (HH) had 7 cm heels whereas the second were flat sport shoes (FS). Results:The evaluation of participants’ spines and posture when walking in HH and FS revealed significant differences (p < 0.05). The evaluation of the initial and follow-up surveys indicates that the main motivation for wearing HH among the test group was to increase their attractiveness and respond to social expectations. After participating in the research and becoming aware of its outcomes and issues, the test group’s attitude to wearing HH has changed. Conclusions:In regards to good posture and spinal health, this study has raised some awareness amongst its participants, and has therefore proved to be a significant positive influence.
    Keywords high heeled shoes ; attractiveness ; women ; harmful impact ; posturę ; spine ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PPHU Projack
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Substrate specificity profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease provides basis for anti-COVID-19 drug design

    Wioletta Rut / Katarzyna Groborz / Linlin Zhang / Xinyuanyuan Sun / Mikolaj Zmudzinski / Rolf Hilgenfeld / Marcin Drag

    Abstract: AbstractIn December 2019, the first cases of a novel coronavirus infection were diagnosed in Wuhan, China. Due to international travel and human-to-human transmission, the virus spread rapidly inside and outside of China. Currently, there is no effective ...

    Abstract AbstractIn December 2019, the first cases of a novel coronavirus infection were diagnosed in Wuhan, China. Due to international travel and human-to-human transmission, the virus spread rapidly inside and outside of China. Currently, there is no effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19, therefore research efforts are focused on the rapid development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease constitutes one of the most attractive antiviral drug targets. To address this emerging problem, we have synthesized a combinatorial library of fluorogenic substrates with glutamine in the P1 position. We used it to determine the substrate preferences of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteases, using natural and a large panel of unnatural amino acids. The results of our work provide a structural framework for the design of inhibitors as antiviral agents or diagnostic tests.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher biorxiv
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.03.07.981928
    Database COVID19

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