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  1. Book: Neurological disorders in women

    Dafer, Rima M.

    from epidemiology to outcome

    (Neurologic clinics ; volume 41, number 2 (May 2023))

    2023  

    Author's details editor Rima M. Dafer
    Series title Neurologic clinics ; volume 41, number 2 (May 2023)
    Collection
    Language English
    Size xvi Seiten, Seite 232-431, Illustrationen
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing place Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT030016139
    ISBN 978-0-323-98691-5 ; 0-323-98691-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Current State of Sex and Gender Influence in Neurology.

    Dafer, Rima M

    Neurologic clinics

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) xiii–xvi

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurology ; Sex ; Gender Identity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1013148-6
    ISSN 1557-9875 ; 0733-8619
    ISSN (online) 1557-9875
    ISSN 0733-8619
    DOI 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.12.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Neurologic complications of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.

    Dafer, Rima M

    Handbook of clinical neurology

    2021  Volume 177, Page(s) 135–141

    Abstract: Endocarditis is an inflammatory or infective condition affecting the cardiac valves or endocardium, often associated with serious neurological sequelae. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)-referred to as degenerative, Libman-Sachs, marantic, ... ...

    Abstract Endocarditis is an inflammatory or infective condition affecting the cardiac valves or endocardium, often associated with serious neurological sequelae. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)-referred to as degenerative, Libman-Sachs, marantic, verrucous, or terminal endocarditis-is a serious but rare cause of valvular heart disease characterized by deposition of sterile vegetations of fibrin and platelet aggregates on the cardiac valves, eventually resulting in life-threatening embolization of these thrombi to the brain, limbs, or visceral organs. NBTE may complicate a heterogeneous group of chronic conditions, predominantly connective tissue and autoimmune disorders, malignancies, and diseases associated with hypercoagulability states. NBTE usually affects the native rather than prosthetic valves, and unlike infective endocarditis (IE), sparing the involved valve function without its destruction. Compared to those seen in IE, vegetations in NBTE are small and friable, thus may easily be dislodged leading to systemic thromboembolism with devastating morbidities and mortality. There are no diagnostic criteria for NBTE, and antemortem diagnosis is challenging. The condition should be suspected in patients with thromboembolic events and vegetations on the cardiac valves on echocardiographic or cardiac imaging studies, in the absence of underlying infection, especially in disorders predisposing to coagulopathy. Early recognition and prompt treatment of the primary underlying disorder is essential. Anticoagulation with heparin or heparinoid products is recommended to prevent recurrent embolism. Surgical intervention is not indicated except in selected patients with life-threatening recurrent embolism.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmune Diseases ; Endocarditis, Non-Infective/complications ; Endocarditis, Non-Infective/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0072-9752
    ISSN 0072-9752
    DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-819814-8.00013-5
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  4. Article ; Online: Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters.

    Osteraas, Nicholas D / Dafer, Rima M

    Current neurology and neuroscience reports

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 301–325

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Uncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from " ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Uncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from "standard" care.
    Recent findings: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the best medical therapy in the treatment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) have demonstrated low rates of ischemia with both antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonism. RCT evidence supports the use of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonism in "high-risk" patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLAS), and there is new evidence supporting the utilization of direct oral anticoagulation in malignancy-associated thrombosis. Migraine with aura has been more conclusively linked not only with increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, but also with cardiovascular mortality. Recent literature has surprisingly not provided support the utilization of L-arginine in the treatment of patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS); however, there is evidence at this time that support use of enzyme replacement in patients with Fabry disease. Additional triggers for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) have been identified, such as capsaicin. Imaging of cerebral blood vessel walls utilizing contrast-enhanced MRA is an emerging modality that may ultimately prove to be very useful in the evaluation of patients with uncommon causes of stroke. A plethora of associations between cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19 have been described. Where pertinent, authors provide additional tips and guidance. Less commonly encountered conditions with updates in diagnosis, and management along with clinical tips are reviewed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Stroke/therapy ; Stroke/complications ; Migraine Disorders/complications ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Vitamin K
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Vitamin K (12001-79-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057363-7
    ISSN 1534-6293 ; 1528-4042
    ISSN (online) 1534-6293
    ISSN 1528-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s11910-023-01269-z
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  5. Article ; Online: Migraine and the risk of stroke.

    Dafer, Rima M

    Disease-a-month : DM

    2015  Volume 61, Issue 6, Page(s) 223–228

    MeSH term(s) Brain Ischemia/etiology ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders/etiology ; Stroke/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390545-7
    ISSN 1557-8194 ; 0011-5029
    ISSN (online) 1557-8194
    ISSN 0011-5029
    DOI 10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.03.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Intravascular Lymphomatosis Presenting with Spinal Cord Infarction and Recurrent Ischemic Strokes.

    Lyden, Stephanie / Dafer, Rima M

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2019  Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) e132–e134

    Abstract: Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma that follows an aggressive course with rapidly progressive neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome.1 We report on a 64-year-old man with progressive myelopathy at ...

    Abstract Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma that follows an aggressive course with rapidly progressive neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome.1 We report on a 64-year-old man with progressive myelopathy at T6-T7 and recurrent cerebral infarctions. This case is illustrative of the clinical course that is seen in IVL. It aims to present a timeline of imaging findings that demonstrate the progression of disease and characteristic pathology findings. We emphasize the importance of IVL on the differential diagnosis of spinal cord infarction.
    MeSH term(s) Biopsy ; Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Ischemia/etiology ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Disease Progression ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Infarction/diagnostic imaging ; Infarction/etiology ; Infarction/pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord/blood supply ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/pathology ; Vascular Neoplasms/complications ; Vascular Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.06.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Acute Stroke Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

    Dafer, Rima M / Osteraas, Nicholas D / Biller, Jose

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2020  Volume 29, Issue 7, Page(s) 104881

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease with serious public health risk and has taken the world off-guard with its rapid spread. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies, overwhelming the healthcare system and the medical ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease with serious public health risk and has taken the world off-guard with its rapid spread. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies, overwhelming the healthcare system and the medical community, current practice for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) will require modification, and guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high standard quality of care. The aim of these suggestions is to avoid contributing to the rapid spread of COVID-19 as well as to conserve what are likely to be very limited resources (including personnel, intensive care/hospital beds as well as physicians) while maintaining high quality care for patients with AIS. We present our recommendations for the management of acute stroke during the COVID-19 pandemics.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Brain Ischemia/complications ; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis ; Brain Ischemia/rehabilitation ; Brain Ischemia/therapy ; COVID-19 ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Disease Management ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Guideline Adherence ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control ; Intensive Care Units/supply & distribution ; Masks ; Mass Screening ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Patient Discharge ; Patient Transfer ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Professional-Family Relations ; Resource Allocation ; Visitors to Patients
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104881
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  8. Article ; Online: Timing of Anticoagulation after Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Assessment of Provider Practices.

    Osteraas, Nicholas D / Sagalovich, Marina / Glover, Jon J / Dafer, Rima M

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 106014

    Abstract: Background: Optimal timing of oral anticoagulation (TOAC) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The risk of recurrent ischemic events when treatment is delayed is often weighed against that of hemorrhagic ... ...

    Abstract Background: Optimal timing of oral anticoagulation (TOAC) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The risk of recurrent ischemic events when treatment is delayed is often weighed against that of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) when anticoagulation is started in the subacute phase, especially in moderate to large infarctions. Despite substantial evidence for the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in reducing stroke recurrence, current nationally recognized practice guidelines do not provide clear recommendations on the TOAC after AF-related AIS.
    Materials and methods: We surveyed neurologists on therapeutic approaches to timing of anticoagulation after stroke in patients with AF (without moderate or severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve) using an online questionnaire. Several ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke scenarios with various stroke sizes, locations, and high-risk thrombotic complications were presented, and survey respondents were asked to provide post-stroke timeframe for TOAC. Practice background, specialty and years of experience of respondents were recorded.
    Results: Majority of participants favored early initiation of OAC in small infarcts. In moderate to larger infarct burden, or when ischemia was complicated by HT, there was an overall trend to delay any initiation of OAC, irrespective of specialty or years of experience. The overt presence of an additional cardiac embolic source such as cardiac thrombus led decisions for early anticoagulation.
    Conclusion: Although general practice trends were captured, optimal TOAC following AIS in AF remains unknown. Further research is warranted to determine optimal timing and anticoagulant selection.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/administration & dosage ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Health Care Surveys ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke/diagnosis ; Ischemic Stroke/etiology ; Ischemic Stroke/prevention & control ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends ; Recurrence ; Secondary Prevention/trends ; Time Factors ; Time-to-Treatment/trends ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106014
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  9. Article: Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Mimicking Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome.

    Grewal, Parneet / Hall, Julianne P / Dua, Sumeet G / Koffman, Lauren / Dafer, Rima M

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e22806

    Abstract: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is the result of metastatic infiltration of the leptomeninges by malignant cells originating from an extra-meningeal primary tumor site. We describe a patient with active breast cancer who presented with thunderclap ... ...

    Abstract Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is the result of metastatic infiltration of the leptomeninges by malignant cells originating from an extra-meningeal primary tumor site. We describe a patient with active breast cancer who presented with thunderclap headaches (THs) and imaging showing multi-segment irregular arterial narrowing of intracranial vasculature. A 58-year-old Caucasian woman with active stage IV estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma and migraine presented with THs. Computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast were unremarkable. Over a period of one week, she had recurrent THs. Interval vessel imaging showed multi-segment irregular arterial narrowing. Treatment with verapamil was initiated for suspected reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). She subsequently had two discrete episodes of confusion with aphasia and left upper extremity numbness. Repeat gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed nodular leptomeningeal enhancement. Lumbar puncture revealed malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid consistent with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. She subsequently underwent whole brain radiation treatment and intrathecal chemotherapy and had no further episodes of TH. Our case emphasizes the importance of considering leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in the differential diagnosis of THs and reversible cerebral vasculopathy, especially in patients with known underlying active cancer. The illustration also proves the importance of a complete work-up in patients with known malignancy in the setting of suspected RCVS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.22806
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Spinal Cord Infarction due to Fibrocartilaginous Embolism: A Report of 3 Cases.

    Quinn, Jeffrey N / Breit, Hannah / Dafer, Rima M

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2019  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) e66–e67

    Abstract: Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is an uncommon cause of spinal cord infarction often misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis. The mechanism of ischemia is suspected to be due to retrograde embolization of nucleus pulposus material originating from Schmorl' ... ...

    Abstract Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is an uncommon cause of spinal cord infarction often misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis. The mechanism of ischemia is suspected to be due to retrograde embolization of nucleus pulposus material originating from Schmorl's nodes to the spinal vessels following acute disk herniation. We describe the clinical and imaging findings of FCE in 3 healthy young women with history of trivial spinal cord trauma, and recommend that FCE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myelopathy.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cartilage Diseases/complications ; Cartilage Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Cartilage Diseases/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Embolism/complications ; Embolism/diagnostic imaging ; Embolism/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction/diagnostic imaging ; Infarction/etiology ; Infarction/physiopathology ; Infarction/therapy ; Lower Extremity/innervation ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Recovery of Function ; Spinal Cord/blood supply ; Spinal Cord Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord Ischemia/etiology ; Spinal Cord Ischemia/physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Ischemia/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Upper Extremity/innervation ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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