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  1. Book ; Online: On Outer Bi-Lipschitz Extensions of Linear Johnson-Lindenstrauss Embeddings of Low-Dimensional Submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^N$

    Iwen, Mark A. / Roach, Mark Philip

    2022  

    Abstract: Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a compact $d$-dimensional submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with reach $\tau$ and ... mathbb{R}^N \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{m}$ exists with $m \leq C \left(d / \epsilon^2 \right) \log \left ... for all ${\bf x} \in \mathcal{M}$ and ${\bf y} \in \mathbb{R}^N$. In effect, $f$ not only serves as a bi ...

    Abstract Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a compact $d$-dimensional submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with reach $\tau$ and volume $V_{\mathcal M}$. Fix $\epsilon \in (0,1)$. In this paper we prove that a nonlinear function $f: \mathbb{R}^N \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{m}$ exists with $m \leq C \left(d / \epsilon^2 \right) \log \left(\frac{\sqrt[d]{V_{\mathcal M}}}{\tau} \right)$ such that $$(1 - \epsilon) \| {\bf x} - {\bf y} \|_2 \leq \left\| f({\bf x}) - f({\bf y}) \right\|_2 \leq (1 + \epsilon) \| {\bf x} - {\bf y} \|_2$$ holds for all ${\bf x} \in \mathcal{M}$ and ${\bf y} \in \mathbb{R}^N$. In effect, $f$ not only serves as a bi-Lipschitz function from $\mathcal{M}$ into $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ with bi-Lipschitz constants close to one, but also approximately preserves all distances from points not in $\mathcal{M}$ to all points in $\mathcal{M}$ in its image. Furthermore, the proof is constructive and yields an algorithm which works well in practice. In particular, it is empirically demonstrated herein that such nonlinear functions allow for more accurate compressive nearest neighbor classification than standard linear Johnson-Lindenstrauss embeddings do in practice.
    Keywords Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ; Computer Science - Computational Geometry ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; 51F30 ; 65D18 ; 68R12
    Subject code 512 ; 518
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Standard Deviation of Sequential Five-Minute R-R Interval Means (SDANN) is a prognostic marker, but not necessarily an autonomic marker.

    Raj, Satish R / Roach, Daniel E / Koshman, Mary Lou / Sheldon, Robert S

    Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    2006  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 1285–6; author reply 1286

    MeSH term(s) Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; Heart Failure/physiopathology ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Prognosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 605507-2
    ISSN 1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
    ISSN (online) 1558-3597
    ISSN 0735-1097
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Beneficial effects of r-h-CLU on disease severity in different animal models of peripheral neuropathies.

    Dati, G / Quattrini, A / Bernasconi, L / Malaguti, M C / Antonsson, B / Nicoletti, F / Alliod, C / Di Marco, R / Sagot, Y / Vitte, P A / Hiver, A / Greco, B / Roach, A / Zaratin, P F

    Journal of neuroimmunology

    2007  Volume 190, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 8–17

    Abstract: Clusterin is a protein involved in multiple biological events, including neuronal cytoprotection, membrane recycling and regulation of complement-mediated membrane attack after injury. We investigated the effect of recombinant human clusterin in ... ...

    Abstract Clusterin is a protein involved in multiple biological events, including neuronal cytoprotection, membrane recycling and regulation of complement-mediated membrane attack after injury. We investigated the effect of recombinant human clusterin in preclinical models of peripheral neuropathies. Daily treatment with clusterin accelerated the recovery of nerve motor evoked potential parameters after sciatic nerve injury. Prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of experimental autoimmune neuritis rats with clusterin also accelerated the rate of recovery from the disease, associated with remyelination of demyelinated nerve fibers. These data demonstrate that clusterin is capable of ameliorating clinical, neurophysiological and pathological signs in models of peripheral neuropathies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Clusterin/immunology ; Clusterin/pharmacology ; Clusterin/therapeutic use ; Cytokines/drug effects ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytokines/secretion ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology ; Female ; Hippocampus/immunology ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myelin Basic Protein/drug effects ; Myelin Basic Protein/immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism ; Myelin Sheath/drug effects ; Myelin Sheath/immunology ; Myelin Sheath/pathology ; Nerve Growth Factors/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factors/therapeutic use ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration/immunology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/immunology ; Neurons/pathology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Peripheral Nerves/drug effects ; Peripheral Nerves/immunology ; Peripheral Nerves/physiopathology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/immunology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Sciatic Neuropathy/drug therapy ; Sciatic Neuropathy/immunology ; Sciatic Neuropathy/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances CLU protein, human ; Clusterin ; Cytokines ; Myelin Basic Protein ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Recombinant Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 8335-5
    ISSN 1872-8421 ; 0165-5728
    ISSN (online) 1872-8421
    ISSN 0165-5728
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Empirical Model of Spring 2020 Decrease in Daily Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in King County, Washington.

    Roach, Jared C

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2022  

    Abstract: ... that affect reproduction number (R), the two-parameter exponential model should be a standard model - indeed ... to time intervals that differ by any major changes in factors that affect R. Using an exponential model ...

    Abstract Projections of the near future of daily case incidence of COVID-19 are valuable for informing public policy. Near-future estimates are also useful for outbreaks of other diseases. Short-term predictions are unlikely to be affected by changes in herd immunity. In the absence of major net changes in factors that affect reproduction number (R), the two-parameter exponential model should be a standard model - indeed, it has been standard for epidemiological analysis of pandemics for a century but in recent decades has lost popularity to more complex compartmental models. Exponential models should be routinely included in reports describing epidemiological models as a reference, or null hypothesis. Exponential models should be fitted separately for each epidemiologically distinct jurisdiction. They should also be fitted separately to time intervals that differ by any major changes in factors that affect R. Using an exponential model, incidence-count half-life (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098798
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Experts Speak: An Interview with Dr. Ben Levine.

    Roach, Rob

    High altitude medicine & biology

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Interview
    ZDB-ID 2076262-8
    ISSN 1557-8682 ; 1527-0297
    ISSN (online) 1557-8682
    ISSN 1527-0297
    DOI 10.1089/ham.2020.29020.lev
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Epinephrine control of glycogen metabolism in glycogen-associated protein phosphatase PP1G/R(GL) knockout mice.

    Kim, Jong Hwa / DePaoli-Roach, Anna A

    publication RETRACTED

    Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology

    2002  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 283–290

    Abstract: The glycogen-associated protein phosphatase (PP1G/ R(GL))may play a central role ... effect of glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the wild-type and R(GL) knockout mice ... mice compared with the wild-type. Therefore, R(GL) is not required for the epinephrine stimulation ...

    Abstract The glycogen-associated protein phosphatase (PP1G/ R(GL))may play a central role in the hormonal control of glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated the in vivo epinephrine effect of glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the wild-type and R(GL) knockout mice. The administration of epinephrine increased blood glucose levels from 200 +/- +/- 20 to 325 +/- 20 mg/dl in both wild-type and knockout mice. Epinephrine decreased the glycogen synthase -/+ G6P ratio from 0.24 +/- 0.04 to 0.10 +/- 0.02 in the wild-type, and from 0.17 +/- 0.02 to 0.06 +/- 0.01 in the knockout mice. Conversely, the glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio increased from 0.21 +/- 0.04 to 0.65 +/- 0.07 and from 0.30 +/- 0.04 to 0.81 +/- 0.06 in the epinephrine treated wild-type and knockout mice respectively. The glycogen content of the knockout mice was substantially lower (27 percent) than that of both wild-type mice; and epinephrine decreased glycogen content in the wild-type and knockout mice. Also, in Western blot analysis there was no compensation of the other glycogen targeting components PTG/R5 and R6 in the knockout mice compared with the wild-type. Therefore, R(GL) is not required for the epinephrine stimulation of glycogen metabolism, and rather another phosphatase and/or regulatory subunit appears to be involved.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glycogen Phosphorylase/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase/metabolism ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylase a/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 1
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Carrier Proteins ; Insulin ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ppp1r3c protein, mouse ; Ppp1r5 protein, rat ; Glycogen (9005-79-2) ; Glycogen Phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Phosphorylase a (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Glycogen Synthase (EC 2.4.1.11) ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Ppp1r3b protein, mouse (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Protein Phosphatase 1 (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-05-31
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Retracted Publication
    ZDB-ID 1238454-9
    ISSN 0219-1024 ; 1225-8687
    ISSN (online) 0219-1024
    ISSN 1225-8687
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: "It Is OK Not to Be OK": Nursing Students' Backgrounds and Perceptions of Mental Health Stigma and Implications for Mental Health Nursing Education.

    Roach, Ashley / Tadesse, Ruth

    Issues in mental health nursing

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 10, Page(s) 1050–1058

    Abstract: There has been a notable increase in reported mental illnesses in recent years. Although mental illness is being discussed more openly, stigma toward mental illness still exists. Stigma can result in inadequate care for people with mental illnesses. ... ...

    Abstract There has been a notable increase in reported mental illnesses in recent years. Although mental illness is being discussed more openly, stigma toward mental illness still exists. Stigma can result in inadequate care for people with mental illnesses. Students come into nursing from a variety of backgrounds and these backgrounds influence their nursing clinical judgments, especially related to caring for people with mental illnesses. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted using 60 undergraduate nursing student reflections on their backgrounds and perceptions of mental health stigma. Students wrote about their
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mental Health ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; Psychiatric Nursing/education ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Social Stigma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603180-8
    ISSN 1096-4673 ; 0161-2840
    ISSN (online) 1096-4673
    ISSN 0161-2840
    DOI 10.1080/01612840.2023.2265470
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of product R, a peptide-nucleic acid immunomodulator, in the treatment of adults infected with HIV.

    Levett, Paul N / Hirschman, Shalom Z / Roach, Timothy C / Broome, Hedy / Alexander, Richard J / Fraser, Henry S

    HIV clinical trials

    2002  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–278

    Abstract: Objective: The efficacy of Product R, a nontoxic peptide-nucleic acid, was tested in 43 HIV ... infected adults naïve to antiretroviral therapy.: Method: Patients were randomized to receive Product R ... Results: Mean root CD4 count increased in the Product R group during treatment and was significantly ...

    Abstract Objective: The efficacy of Product R, a nontoxic peptide-nucleic acid, was tested in 43 HIV-infected adults naïve to antiretroviral therapy.
    Method: Patients were randomized to receive Product R (21 patients) or placebo (22 patients). Dosage was two 1 mL subcutaneous injections daily on days 1-14, followed by 1 mL daily on days 22-28, 36-42, and 50-56. The follow-up period lasted until day 120.
    Results: Mean root CD4 count increased in the Product R group during treatment and was significantly higher (p =.013) by the end of follow-up. Four Product R-treated patients, but none of the control patients, experienced declines in viral load of >0.5 log. At the end of follow-up, the Product R group experienced a mean weight increase (p =.003), whereas the placebo group experienced a mean weight loss. The number of deaths and opportunistic infections were lower in the Product R group than in the placebo group (p =.076). No toxic effects were observed in any of the patients administered Product R.
    Conclusion: These findings suggest that Product R may have efficacy in the treatment of HIV-infected individuals.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/virology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Peptide Nucleic Acids/pharmacology ; Peptide Nucleic Acids/therapeutic use ; Placebos ; Random Allocation ; Viral Load ; Weight Gain/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; EOM613 ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Placebos
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2060516-X
    ISSN 1528-4336
    ISSN 1528-4336
    DOI 10.1310/N34A-653T-ABF5-8Q1R
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Primary cancer prevention for cancers with no known infectious etiology: Time for a new paradigm.

    Black, Steven / Roach, Mack / Rappuoli, Rino

    Vaccine

    2024  Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 1906–1909

    Abstract: Vaccines developed for hepatitis B and human papilloma virus infections have been very successful in reducing the burden of cancer due to these infections. In the past decade, our understanding of the immunology of cancer has greatly improved and ... ...

    Abstract Vaccines developed for hepatitis B and human papilloma virus infections have been very successful in reducing the burden of cancer due to these infections. In the past decade, our understanding of the immunology of cancer has greatly improved and important progress has been made in the use of immunotherapy for several cancers. However, for the majority of cancers, an infectious etiology is either unknown or does not exist. Prostate cancer, for which no infectious etiology is known, is the most common cancer in men in the United States. Here we discuss the rationale for developing a preventive vaccine for prostate cancer, discuss a possible approach for further work in this area and a means of testing the effectiveness of a prostate cancer prevention vaccine in a clinical trial.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; United States ; Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Immunotherapy ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The muscle-specific protein phosphatase PP1G/R(GL)(G(M))is essential for activation of glycogen synthase by exercise.

    Aschenbach, W G / Suzuki, Y / Breeden, K / Prats, C / Hirshman, M F / Dufresne, S D / Sakamoto, K / Vilardo, P G / Steele, M / Kim, J H / Jing, S L / Goodyear, L J / DePaoli-Roach, A A

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2001  Volume 276, Issue 43, Page(s) 39959–39967

    Abstract: ... GS). PP1G/R(GL)(G(M)) is a glycogen/sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated type 1 phosphatase that was ... Biol. 21, 2683-2694) that insulin activates GS in muscle of R(GL)(G(M)) knockout (KO) mice similarly ... R(GL) KO and overexpressors (OE) were subjected to two models of contraction, in vivo treadmill ...

    Abstract In skeletal muscle both insulin and contractile activity are physiological stimuli for glycogen synthesis, which is thought to result in part from the dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase (GS). PP1G/R(GL)(G(M)) is a glycogen/sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated type 1 phosphatase that was originally postulated to mediate insulin control of glycogen metabolism. However, we recently showed (Suzuki, Y., Lanner, C., Kim, J.-H., Vilardo, P. G., Zhang, H., Jie Yang, J., Cooper, L. D., Steele, M., Kennedy, A., Bock, C., Scrimgeour, A., Lawrence, J. C. Jr., L., and DePaoli-Roach, A. A. (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 2683-2694) that insulin activates GS in muscle of R(GL)(G(M)) knockout (KO) mice similarly to the wild type (WT). To determine whether PP1G is involved in glycogen metabolism during muscle contractions, R(GL) KO and overexpressors (OE) were subjected to two models of contraction, in vivo treadmill running and in situ electrical stimulation. Both procedures resulted in a 2-fold increase in the GS -/+ glucose-6-P activity ratio in WT mice, but this response was completely absent in the KO mice. The KO mice, which also have a reduced GS activity associated with significantly reduced basal glycogen levels, exhibited impaired maximal exercise capacity, but contraction-induced activation of glucose transport was unaffected. The R(GL) OE mice are characterized by enhanced GS activity ratio and an approximately 3-4-fold increase in glycogen content in skeletal muscle. These animals were able to tolerate exercise normally. Stimulation of GS and glucose uptake following muscle contraction was not significantly different as compared with WT littermates. These results indicate that although PP1G/R(GL) is not necessary for activation of GS by insulin, it is essential for regulation of glycogen metabolism under basal conditions and in response to contractile activity, and may explain the reduced muscle glycogen content in the R(GL) KO mice, despite the normal insulin activation of GS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Enzyme Activation ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glycogen Phosphorylase/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Protein Phosphatase 1
    Chemical Substances Carrier Proteins ; Glycogen (9005-79-2) ; Glycogen Phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Glycogen Synthase (EC 2.4.1.11) ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Ppp1r3b protein, mouse (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Protein Phosphatase 1 (EC 3.1.3.16) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.M105518200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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