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  1. Article ; Online: Tips for a Successful Global Health Sabbatical.

    Blackard, Jason T

    Annals of global health

    2019  Volume 85, Issue 1

    Abstract: There is a high demand for global health experiences among medical students. However, creating and engaging successful global health experiences for students is not without significant challenges for faculty. Lack of broad global health knowledge, first ... ...

    Abstract There is a high demand for global health experiences among medical students. However, creating and engaging successful global health experiences for students is not without significant challenges for faculty. Lack of broad global health knowledge, first hand experiences in a variety of global health settings, and limited faculty engagement in global health activities at their home institutions may limit overall effectiveness. Thus, sabbaticals may provide unique opportunities for faculty reinvigoration and development of new teaching and/or research activities in global health. This viewpoint stems from my sabbatical experiences in South Africa and Botswana during the 2016-17 academic year and includes important tips for ensuring a successful global health sabbatical.
    MeSH term(s) Biomedical Research/education ; Botswana ; Career Mobility ; Education, Continuing ; Global Health/education ; Humans ; Research Personnel/education ; Research Support as Topic ; South Africa ; Virology/education
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2821756-1
    ISSN 2214-9996 ; 2214-9996
    ISSN (online) 2214-9996
    ISSN 2214-9996
    DOI 10.5334/aogh.724
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis.

    Blackard, Jason T / Sherman, Kenneth E

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 12

    Abstract: Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the ...

    Abstract Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the myriad of mechanisms by which drugs of abuse impact viral replication and disease progression. Virus-drug interactions can accelerate viral disease progression and lead to increased risk of virus transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV/genetics ; HIV/pathogenicity ; HIV/physiology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/virology ; Hepatitis/immunology ; Hepatitis/virology ; Hepatitis Viruses/drug effects ; Hepatitis Viruses/genetics ; Hepatitis Viruses/pathogenicity ; Hepatitis Viruses/physiology ; Humans ; Illicit Drugs/adverse effects ; Substance-Related Disorders/immunology ; Substance-Related Disorders/virology
    Chemical Substances Illicit Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13122387
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia-A review of the literature.

    Zimmerman, Joseph / Blackard, Jason T

    Reviews in medical virology

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) e2257

    Abstract: The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1)-as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C-is a common single-stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV-1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV-1 is not performed ... ...

    Abstract The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1)-as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C-is a common single-stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV-1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV-1 is not performed routinely. Nonetheless, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 infection on HIV disease progression has been reported in multiple studies. Given the burden of HIV in Asia and the complex interactions between viral co-infections and the host, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing data from Asia on HPgV-1 infection, including the prevalence and circulating genotypes in all Asian countries with data reported. This review highlights the research conducted thus far and emphasizes the need for additional studies on HPgV-1 across the Asian continent.
    MeSH term(s) Asia/epidemiology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Flaviviridae Infections/complications ; Flaviviridae Infections/epidemiology ; GB virus C/genetics ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1086043-5
    ISSN 1099-1654 ; 1052-9276
    ISSN (online) 1099-1654
    ISSN 1052-9276
    DOI 10.1002/rmv.2257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3308: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Replication and Injury Associated With SARS-CoV-2 in Cultured Hepatocytes.

    Pradhan, Suman / Rouster, Susan D / Blackard, Jason T / Dean, Gary E / Sherman, Kenneth E

    Pathogens & immunity

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 59–73

    Abstract: Background: Liver dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism(s) of hepatic injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains controversial with some reporting viral replication and cellular injury and others suggesting lack of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Liver dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism(s) of hepatic injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains controversial with some reporting viral replication and cellular injury and others suggesting lack of replication and injury due to non-cytopathogenic etiologies. To investigate this further, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 replication in immortalized hepatic cell lines and primary hepatocytes, examined whether cell injury was associated with apoptotic pathways, and also determined the effect of the antiviral remdesivir on these processes.
    Methods: Immortalized hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7.5), as well as primary human hepatocytes, were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 PFU/mL. Viral replication was evaluated by plaque assays, immunohistochemical staining for the viral spike protein, and caspase-3 expression evaluated with and without exposure to remdesivir.
    Results: All hepatocyte cell lines and primary hepatocytes supported active replication of SARS-CoV-2. Significant cytopathic effect was observed by light microscopy, and caspase-3 staining supported activation of apoptotic pathways. Remdesivir abrogated infection in a dose-dependent fashion and was not independently associated with hepatocyte injury.
    Conclusion: Hepatocytes appear to be highly permissive of SARS-CoV-2 replication which leads to rapid cell death associated with activation of apoptotic pathways. Viral replication and hepatocytes injury are abrogated with remdesivir. We conclude that active viral replication is most likely a key contributor to liver enzyme abnormalities observed in the setting of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2469-2964
    ISSN (online) 2469-2964
    DOI 10.20411/pai.v8i2.648
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Introducing trainees to research using an online, asynchronous course.

    Blackard, Jason T / Knapke, Jacqueline M / Schuckman, Stephanie / Veevers, Jennifer / Hardie, William D / Ryan, Patrick H

    Journal of clinical and translational science

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e155

    Abstract: Introduction: Research is an important aspect of many students' training. However, formal research training is rarely included in curricula. Thus, we developed an online, asynchronous series of modules to introduce trainees to multiple topics that are ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Research is an important aspect of many students' training. However, formal research training is rarely included in curricula. Thus, we developed an online, asynchronous series of modules to introduce trainees to multiple topics that are relevant to the conduct of research.
    Methods: Research 101
    Results: Pre-module survey results showed that learners felt most confident with the
    Conclusions: These data demonstrate that significant learning resulted from completion of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-8661
    ISSN (online) 2059-8661
    DOI 10.1017/cts.2023.579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Tips for a Successful Global Health Sabbatical

    Jason T. Blackard

    Annals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss

    2019  Volume 1

    Abstract: There is a high demand for global health experiences among medical students. However, creating and engaging successful global health experiences for students is not without significant challenges for faculty. Lack of broad global health knowledge, first ... ...

    Abstract There is a high demand for global health experiences among medical students. However, creating and engaging successful global health experiences for students is not without significant challenges for faculty. Lack of broad global health knowledge, first hand experiences in a variety of global health settings, and limited faculty engagement in global health activities at their home institutions may limit overall effectiveness. Thus, sabbaticals may provide unique opportunities for faculty reinvigoration and development of new teaching and/or research activities in global health. This viewpoint stems from my sabbatical experiences in South Africa and Botswana during the 2016–17 academic year and includes important tips for ensuring a successful global health sabbatical.
    Keywords Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Ubiquity Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  7. Article ; Online: The Synthetic Opioid Fentanyl Increases HIV Replication and Chemokine Co-Receptor Expression in Lymphocyte Cell Lines.

    Madhuravasal Krishnan, Janani / Kong, Ling / Karns, Rebekah / Medvedovic, Mario / Sherman, Kenneth E / Blackard, Jason T

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: In the United States, the illicit use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl has led to a serious public health crisis. Synthetic opioids are known to enhance viral replication and to suppress immunologic responses, but their effects on HIV ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the United States, the illicit use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl has led to a serious public health crisis. Synthetic opioids are known to enhance viral replication and to suppress immunologic responses, but their effects on HIV pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, we examined the impact of fentanyl on HIV-susceptible and HIV-infected cell types.
    Methods: TZM-bl and HIV-infected lymphocyte cells were incubated with fentanyl at varying concentrations. Expression levels of the CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors and HIV p24 antigen were quantified with ELISA. HIV proviral DNA was quantified using SYBR RT-PCR. Cell viability was detected with the MTT assay. RNAseq was performed to characterize cellular gene regulation in the presence of fentanyl.
    Results: Fentanyl enhanced expression of both chemokine receptor levels in a dose-dependent manner in HIV-susceptible and infected cell lines. Similarly, fentanyl induced viral expression in HIV-exposed TZM-bl cells and in HIV-infected lymphocyte cell lines. Multiple genes associated with apoptosis, antiviral/interferon response, chemokine signaling, and NFκB signaling were differentially regulated.
    Conclusions: Synthetic opioid fentanyl impacts HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression. Increased virus levels suggest that opioid use may increase the likelihood of transmission and accelerate disease progression.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; Fentanyl/pharmacology ; Fentanyl/metabolism ; HIV-1/physiology ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Cell Line ; HIV Infections ; Virus Replication ; Receptors, CCR5/genetics ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/genetics ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Receptors, Chemokine ; Fentanyl (UF599785JZ) ; Chemokines ; Receptors, CCR5 ; Receptors, CXCR4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15041027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 5 Variability in Treatment-Naïve Patients in South Africa.

    Maunye, Tshegofatso K / Gededzha, Maemu P / Blackard, Jason T / Rakgole, Johnny N / Selabe, Selokela G

    Intervirology

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 77–87

    Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 5 was originally identified in South Africa, where it represents 35-60% of all HCV infections. There are limited data on resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in South Africa. Thus, we investigated ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 5 was originally identified in South Africa, where it represents 35-60% of all HCV infections. There are limited data on resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in South Africa. Thus, we investigated variability within the NS3/NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B genes of treatment-naïve individuals with HCV genotype 5 infection at the Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH) in Pretoria, South Africa.
    Methods: Nested PCR was performed to amplify the NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B genes. RAVs were evaluated using the Geno2pheno tool.
    Results: In the NS3/4A gene, F56S and T122A were detected in one sample each. The D168E mutation was detected in 7 samples. Within the NS5A gene, the T62M mutation was detected in 2 individuals. In the NS5B gene, 8 of 12 individuals (67%) had the A421V mutation, while all 12 individuals (100%) had the S486A mutation.
    Discussion: RAVs were detected frequently among treatment-naïve individuals with HCV genotype 5 infection in South Africa. Thus, resistance testing may be prudent when initiating treatment of patients with genotype 5 infection. Additional population-based studies are needed to understand the prevalence of these RAVs during HCV genotype 5 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Genotype ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184545-7
    ISSN 1423-0100 ; 0300-5526
    ISSN (online) 1423-0100
    ISSN 0300-5526
    DOI 10.1159/000528178
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1040: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article: Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis

    Blackard, Jason T. / Sherman, Kenneth E.

    Viruses. 2021 Nov. 29, v. 13, no. 12

    2021  

    Abstract: Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the ...

    Abstract Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the myriad of mechanisms by which drugs of abuse impact viral replication and disease progression. Virus–drug interactions can accelerate viral disease progression and lead to increased risk of virus transmission.
    Keywords Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis C virus ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; alcohols ; cocaine ; disease progression ; heroin ; methamphetamines ; narcotics ; pathogenesis ; risk ; virus replication ; virus transmission
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1129
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13122387
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Among Women with a History of Injection Opioid Use.

    Cafardi, John M / Lin, Hong T / Lange, Lana / Kelley, Lacey / Lemon, Kelly / Odegard, Elizabeth A / Meeds, Heidi L / Blackard, Jason T / Feinberg, Judith

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2024  

    Abstract: We evaluated vertical transmission and linkage to care in women with HCV and history of injection drug use employing co-localized testing and treatment. Transmission occurred in 1 of 23 infants, with mother-infant genetic distance of 1.26%. Rates for ... ...

    Abstract We evaluated vertical transmission and linkage to care in women with HCV and history of injection drug use employing co-localized testing and treatment. Transmission occurred in 1 of 23 infants, with mother-infant genetic distance of 1.26%. Rates for infant testing, maternal linkage and cure were 77%, 52%, and 100%, respectively.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciae177
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 480: Show issues

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