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Article ; Online: Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic diversity among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro.

Teixeira, Izabel Mello / de Moraes Assumpção, Yasmim / Paletta, Ana Clara Cabral / Aguiar, Louise / Guimarães, Luciana / da Silva, Isabella Thomaz / Côrtes, Marina F / Botelho, Ana Maria Nunes / Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Ferreira, Renata Fernandes / de Oliveira Ferreira, Eliane / Penna, Bruno

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 20219

Abstract: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen causing a variety of infections that are difficult to treat, especially because of the development of antimicrobial resistance. It has a clonal distribution around the world. To have a better ... ...

Abstract	Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen causing a variety of infections that are difficult to treat, especially because of the development of antimicrobial resistance. It has a clonal distribution around the world. To have a better understanding of the MRSP population, we search the presence of MRSP in colonized or infected dogs. Samples from 99 dogs with infections and 35 from asymptomatic dogs were collected. Isolates were identified by mass spectrometry and Multiplex-PCR. The mecA gene was confirmed by conventional PCR. MRSP strains were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. 75 S. pseudintermedius were identified, most from infection cases. The species were isolated from 70 out of the 135 dogs. Penicillin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole presented higher resistance rates. Forty-seven strains were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR), and were more isolated from dogs with infection (P < 0.05). Eighteen samples were classified as MRSP, representing 24.0% of the population. Six of 16 MRSP sequenced samples belonged to the world spread clone ST71; others belonged to unknown clones. Most samples carried the SCCmec type IIIA. Twenty-one different genetic resistance determinants were found among MRPS strains. MRSP is circulating among infected and colonized dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Brazil ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Genetic Variation ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-47549-z
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Article ; Online: A molecular and morphological study of Ascaris suum in a human-pig contact scenario in northeastern Brazil.

Bacelar, Polyanna Araújo Alves / Santos, Jéssica Pereira Dos / Calegar, Deiviane Aparecida / Silva, Denilson de Araújo E / Leal, Daniella Nobre / Evangelista, Brenda Bulsara Costa / Reis, Elis Regina Chaves Dos / Mallet, Jacenir Reis Dos Santos / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal / Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Monteiro, Kerla Joeline Lima

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria

2023 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) e005623

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess morphologic and genetic data on ascariasis in swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and humans in low-resource rural and periurban communities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Our cross-sectional survey included 100 fecal ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was to assess morphologic and genetic data on ascariasis in swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and humans in low-resource rural and periurban communities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Our cross-sectional survey included 100 fecal samples obtained from swine and 682 samples from humans. Fifteen pigs were necropsied. Human and porcine fecal samples were examined to identify Ascaris eggs. Parasites obtained in the swine necropsies were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mitochondrial gene encoding the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) enzyme was partially amplified and sequenced for molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses. The overall prevalence of Ascaris eggs in the swine fecal samples was 16/100 (16%). No Ascaris eggs were identified in the human fecal samples. SEM of six worms recovered from pigs demonstrated morphological characteristics of A. suum. Cox1 sequences were compatible with A. suum reference sequences. Original and reference (GenBank) nucleotide sequences were organized into clusters that did not segregate the parasites by host species or and region. The largest haplogroups were dominated by haplotypes H01, H02 and H31. In the communities studied, there was no epidemiological evidence of the zoonotic transmission of ascariasis at the human-swine interface.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Ascaris suum/genetics ; Ascariasis/epidemiology ; Ascariasis/veterinary ; Ascariasis/parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Brazil ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ascaris/genetics ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2578912-0
ISSN	1984-2961 ; 0103-846X
ISSN (online)	1984-2961
ISSN	0103-846X
DOI	10.1590/S1984-29612023057
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Article ; Online: The Influence of the Omicron Variant on RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a Laboratory in Brazil.

Silva, Lívia Mara / Riani, Lorena Rodrigues / Leite, Juliana Brovini / de Assis Chagas, Jessica Mara / Fernandes, Laura Silva / Fochat, Romário Costa / Perches, Carmen Gomide Pinto / Nascimento, Thiago César / Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Silvério, Marcelo Silva / Dos Santos Pereira-Júnior, Olavo / Pittella, Frederico

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8

Abstract: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants can affect their detection via RT-qPCR. The Omicron variant has a greater affinity for the upper respiratory system and causes clinical conditions similar to bronchitis, as opposed to the pneumonitis-like conditions ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants can affect their detection via RT-qPCR. The Omicron variant has a greater affinity for the upper respiratory system and causes clinical conditions similar to bronchitis, as opposed to the pneumonitis-like conditions caused by other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This characteristic increases the viscosity of clinical samples collected for diagnosis. Coinciding with the arrival of the Omicron variant, we observed a failure in control gene expression in our laboratory. In this report, we have optimized a rapid nucleic acid extraction step to restore gene expression and detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We reevaluated 3000 samples, compared variant types occurring in different time periods, and confirmed that the presence of the Omicron variant was responsible for changes observed in the characteristics of these clinical samples. For samples with large amounts of mucus, such as those containing the Omicron variant, a modification to the nucleic acid extraction step was sufficient to restore the quality of RT-qPCR results.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brazil ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Nucleic Acids ; RNA
Chemical Substances	Nucleic Acids ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15081690
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Article ; Online: Status of benzimidazole resistance in intestinal nematode populations of livestock in Brazil: a systematic review.

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal

BMC veterinary research

2017 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 358

Abstract: Background: Benzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Benzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or effectiveness reduction of BZ drugs in animal nematodes in Brazil, and make information accessible to the scientific community, as many studies are published in Portuguese. PubMed, SciELO Brasil, LILACS/Bireme, GNTD database, and Google Scholar were searched with no language restrictions. Results: A total of 40 studies met our eligibility criteria (from the year 1989 forward). Sheep was the host most frequently analysed, and albendazole was the most frequently drug studied. The majority of studies (75.7%) showed that BZ drugs are insufficiently active (FECRT <80%) against nematode parasites of livestock. The mean FECRT for fenbendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, and ricobendazole were 71.8%, 71.8%, 58.6%, 53.9%, 46.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. It was observed through linear regression that FECRT is significantly reduced over time between 2007 and 2014 (R = -0.653 p = 0.021) for the treatment of cattle with BZ, suggesting progressive loss of effectiveness and increased resistance for these hosts. Conclusions: The scenario of BZ resistance in nematode populations in Brazil is not favourable. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, it is urgent to implement control measures and to monitor the effectiveness/resistance to nematodes in livestock in Brazil.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antinematodal Agents/pharmacology ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacology ; Brazil ; Drug Resistance ; Livestock/parasitology ; Nematoda/drug effects ; Nematode Infections/drug therapy ; Nematode Infections/parasitology ; Nematode Infections/veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Antinematodal Agents ; Benzimidazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1746-6148
ISSN (online)	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-017-1282-2
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Article ; Online: Molecular paleoparasitological hybridization approach as effective tool for diagnosing human intestinal parasites from scarce archaeological remains.

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Iñiguez, Alena Mayo

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e105910

Abstract: Paleoparasitology is the science that uses parasitological techniques for diagnosing parasitic diseases in the past. Advances in molecular biology brought new insights into this field allowing the study of archaeological material. However, due to ... ...

Abstract	Paleoparasitology is the science that uses parasitological techniques for diagnosing parasitic diseases in the past. Advances in molecular biology brought new insights into this field allowing the study of archaeological material. However, due to technical limitations a proper diagnosis and confirmation of the presence of parasites is not always possible, especially in scarce and degraded archaeological remains. In this study, we developed a Molecular Paleoparasitological Hybridization (MPH) approach using ancient DNA (aDNA) hybridization to confirm and complement paleoparasitological diagnosis. Eight molecular targets from four helminth parasites were included: Ascaris sp., Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and Strongyloides stercoralis. The MPH analysis using 18th century human remains from Praça XV cemetery (CPXV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, revealed for the first time the presence E. vermicularis aDNA (50%) in archaeological sites of Brazil. Besides, the results confirmed T. trichiura and Ascaris sp. infections. The prevalence of infection by Ascaris sp. and E. vermicularis increased considerably when MPH was applied. However, a lower aDNA detection of T. trichiura (40%) was observed when compared to the diagnosis by paleoparasitological analysis (70%). Therefore, based on these data, we suggest a combination of Paleoparasitological and MPH approaches to verify the real panorama of intestinal parasite infection in human archeological samples.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthropology/methods ; Ascaris/classification ; Ascaris/genetics ; Brazil ; Cemeteries ; DNA, Helminth/genetics ; DNA, Helminth/isolation & purification ; Enterobius/classification ; Enterobius/genetics ; Exhumation ; Helminthiasis/diagnosis ; Helminthiasis/history ; Helminthiasis/parasitology ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/history ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology ; Parasitology/methods ; Strongyloides stercoralis/classification ; Strongyloides stercoralis/genetics ; Trichuris/classification ; Trichuris/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Helminth
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0105910
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Article: Status of benzimidazole resistance in intestinal nematode populations of livestock in Brazil: a systematic review

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal

BMC veterinary research. 2017 Dec., v. 13, no. 1

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Benzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Benzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or effectiveness reduction of BZ drugs in animal nematodes in Brazil, and make information accessible to the scientific community, as many studies are published in Portuguese. PubMed, SciELO Brasil, LILACS/Bireme, GNTD database, and Google Scholar were searched with no language restrictions. RESULTS: A total of 40 studies met our eligibility criteria (from the year 1989 forward). Sheep was the host most frequently analysed, and albendazole was the most frequently drug studied. The majority of studies (75.7%) showed that BZ drugs are insufficiently active (FECRT <80%) against nematode parasites of livestock. The mean FECRT for fenbendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, and ricobendazole were 71.8%, 71.8%, 58.6%, 53.9%, 46.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. It was observed through linear regression that FECRT is significantly reduced over time between 2007 and 2014 (R = −0.653 p = 0.021) for the treatment of cattle with BZ, suggesting progressive loss of effectiveness and increased resistance for these hosts. CONCLUSIONS: The scenario of BZ resistance in nematode populations in Brazil is not favourable. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, it is urgent to implement control measures and to monitor the effectiveness/resistance to nematodes in livestock in Brazil.
Keywords	albendazole ; benzimidazole ; cattle ; cattle diseases ; control methods ; databases ; drug resistance ; drugs ; fenbendazole ; hosts ; mebendazole ; medicine ; Nematoda ; nematode infections ; oxfendazole ; parasites ; regression analysis ; selection pressure ; systematic review ; thiabendazole ; veterinary medicine ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 358.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-017-1282-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene reveals species composition and phylogenetic relationships of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in northeastern Brazil.

Bacelar, Polyanna Araújo Alves / Monteiro, Kerla Joeline Lima / Calegar, Deiviane Aparecida / Santos, Jéssica Pereira Dos / Coronato-Nunes, Beatriz / Reis, Elis Regina Chaves Dos / Bóia, Márcio Neves / Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria

2022 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) e018421

Abstract: Helminths of the genus Oesophagostomum cause enteric diseases and affect domestic animals such as pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the species composition and genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in close contact with humans ...

Abstract	Helminths of the genus Oesophagostomum cause enteric diseases and affect domestic animals such as pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the species composition and genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in close contact with humans in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Eighty-seven fecal samples were collected for parasitological tests and molecular analysis. Through microscopy, the overall positivity rate for strongyliform eggs was 81.6% among the pigs studied. Forty-two strongyliform egg samples were subjected to PCR and six cox1 sequences (637 bp) were identified for the genus Oesophagostomum. The sequences were identified as Oesophagostomum dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and O. columbianum. In the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network, 89 sequences were separated into seven clusters, which also included reference sequences from GenBank. Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum were seen to be closely related species and formed a monophyletic group related to O. aculeatum. Oesophagostomum columbianum showed similarity with sequences from parasites infecting small ruminants and the clade was positioned closer to O. bifurcum. High interspecific diversity was found and intraspecific diversity varied according to the species. This was the first study to characterize Oesophagostomum DNA sequences obtained from pigs in Brazil.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Oesophagostomum/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology
Chemical Substances	Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2578912-0
ISSN	1984-2961 ; 0103-846X
ISSN (online)	1984-2961
ISSN	0103-846X
DOI	10.1590/S1984-29612022016
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Article ; Online: Characterization of the clonal subpopulation Fiocruz L1-130 of Leptospira interrogans in rats and dogs from Brazil.

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Pestana, Cristiane Pinheiro / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal / Medeiros, Marco Alberto / Lilenbaum, Walter

Journal of medical microbiology

2018 Volume 67, Issue 9, Page(s) 1361–1367

Abstract: Purpose: Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strains have been described as causing disease in both humans and animals and as being present worldwide. Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni serovars are known to cause severe disease in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strains have been described as causing disease in both humans and animals and as being present worldwide. Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni serovars are known to cause severe disease in their hosts, and zoonotic outbreaks have been described. The genetic similarity among the strains of these serovars is known. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether major clonal subpopulation in humans, strain Fiocruz L1-130-like, can circulate among other hosts. Methodology: We performed genetic characterization of Brazilian serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strains of dog and rat origin by secY sequencing, variable-number tandem-repeat, multilocus sequence type and multi-spacer typing analysis. Results: The strains were found to be identical among themselves and to strain Fiocruz L1-130. We suggest that the major strain of L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, Fiocruz L1-130, is widely distributed in Brazil in different hosts with substantial zoonotic potential. Conclusion: Understanding the circulation of strain Fiocruz L1-130 is important for the implementation of appropriate control measures. Its circulation highlights the need to treat leptospirosis caused by L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae as a zoonosis that acts in the human-animal-environment interface, as per the One Health approach.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil ; Dog Diseases/microbiology ; Dogs ; Leptospira interrogans/classification ; Leptospira interrogans/genetics ; Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis/microbiology ; Leptospirosis/veterinary ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218356-0
ISSN	1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
ISSN	0022-2615
DOI	10.1099/jmm.0.000806
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Article ; Online: The composition of upstream open reading frames (uORF) in four genes from Trypanosoma cruzi typical strains.

Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Brandão, Adeilton

Parasitology research

2011 Volume 109, Issue 4, Page(s) 1205–1208

Abstract: Upstream open reading frames (uORF) are small open reading frames located in the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) of a mature mRNA. We analysed in four strains representing the Trypanosoma cruzi groups Tc I, Tc II, Tc IV and Tc VI the uORF present in 5' ... ...

Abstract	Upstream open reading frames (uORF) are small open reading frames located in the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) of a mature mRNA. We analysed in four strains representing the Trypanosoma cruzi groups Tc I, Tc II, Tc IV and Tc VI the uORF present in 5' utr sequences of four genes: P-type H+-ATPase 1, DEAD/H RNA helicase, casein kinase 1.1 and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. A segment in the 5' utr at each of these genes encompassing one or more uORF was PCR amplified and sequenced. An analysis of these sequences reveals that the uORF in T. cruzi show minor variations; however, these nucleotide substitutions mirror the divergence of T. cruzi strains into major groups.
MeSH term(s)	5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Sequence ; Casein Kinases/chemistry ; Casein Kinases/genetics ; Chagas Disease/parasitology ; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase/chemistry ; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/chemistry ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; RNA Helicases/chemistry ; RNA Helicases/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Trypanosoma cruzi/classification ; Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology ; Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics
Chemical Substances	5' Untranslated Regions ; Protozoan Proteins ; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase (EC 1.18.1.2) ; Casein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proton-Translocating ATPases (EC 3.6.3.14) ; RNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-011-2430-4
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, species composition and genetic diversity of tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. in different Brazilian biomes.

Calegar, Deiviane Aparecida / Monteiro, Kerla Joeline Lima / Bacelar, Polyanna Araújo Alves / Evangelista, Brenda Bulsara Costa / Almeida, Mayron Morais / Dos Santos, Jéssica Pereira / Boia, Márcio Neves / Coronato-Nunes, Beatriz / Jaeger, Lauren Hubert / Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Anibal

Parasites & vectors

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 160

Abstract: Background: Entamoeba species harbored by humans have different degrees of pathogenicity. The present study explores the intra- and interspecific diversity, phylogenetic relationships, prevalence and distribution of tetra- and octonucleated cyst- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Entamoeba species harbored by humans have different degrees of pathogenicity. The present study explores the intra- and interspecific diversity, phylogenetic relationships, prevalence and distribution of tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba in different Brazilian regions. Methods: Cross-sectional studies were performed to collect fecal samples (n = 1728) and sociodemographic data in communities located in four Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Amazon. Fecal samples were subjected to molecular analysis by partial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing (SSU rDNA) and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Light microscopy analysis revealed that tetranucleated cysts were found in all the studied biomes. The highest positivity rates were observed in the age group 6-10 years (23.21%). For octonucleated cysts, positivity rates ranged from 1 to 55.1%. Sixty SSU rDNA Entamoeba sequences were obtained, and four different species were identified: the octonucleated E. coli, and the tetranucleated E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. hartmanni. Novel haplotypes (n = 32) were characterized; however, new ribosomal lineages were not identified. The Entamoeba coli ST1 subtype predominated in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, and the ST2 subtype was predominant in the Amazon biome. E. histolytica was detected only in the Amazon biome. In phylogenetic trees, sequences were grouped in two groups, the first containing uni- and tetranucleated and the second containing uni- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba species. Molecular diversity indexes revealed a high interspecific diversity for tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. (H ± SD = 0.9625 ± 0.0126). The intraspecific diversity varied according to species or subtype: E. dispar and E. histolytica showed lower diversity than E. coli subtypes ST1 and ST2 and E. hartmanni. Conclusions: Tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba are endemic in the studied communities; E. histolytica was found in a low proportion and only in the Amazon biome. With regard to E. coli, subtype ST2 was predominant in the Amazon biome. The molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. is a field to be further explored and provides information with important implications for public health.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Entamoeba/classification ; Entamoeba/cytology ; Entamoeba/genetics ; Entamoebiasis/epidemiology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-021-04672-y
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