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  1. Article ; Online: John Hunter and the Descent of the Testis.

    Nakayama, Don K

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2023  Volume 58, Issue 7, Page(s) 1399–1401

    Abstract: ... scientific work by John Hunter, the Scottish surgeon and anatomist who is acknowledged as the father ... brother William publicly accusing Percival Pott of pirating John's observations on the pathogenesis ...

    Abstract The descent of the testis and the development of an inguinal hernia were the earliest published scientific work by John Hunter, the Scottish surgeon and anatomist who is acknowledged as the father of scientific surgery. Hunter's anatomic descriptions are the ones we use today to describe the prenatal descent of the testis and to explain the pathogenesis of an undescended testis and inguinal hernia in infancy. His work appeared in print in 1762, not as a formal publication but as an addendum to a screed written by his older brother William publicly accusing Percival Pott of pirating John's observations on the pathogenesis of an inguinal hernia and publishing them as his own, an early example of scientific rivalry.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Testis/pathology ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery ; Hernia, Inguinal/pathology ; Cryptorchidism/surgery ; Cryptorchidism/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.03.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The process of collaboration between Oskar Morgenstern and John von Neumann

    Nakayama, Chikako

    History of economics review : HER 1997,winter/summer = No. 26, S. 40-50

    1997  

    Author's details Chikako Nakayama
    Keywords Spieltheorie ; Theorie
    Language English
    Publisher Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Publishing place Abingdon
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1340450-7 ; 2185373-3
    ISSN 1838-6318 ; 1037-0196
    ISSN (online) 1838-6318
    ISSN 1037-0196
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  3. Article ; Online: St. Zenobius, the Patron Saint of Injured Children and Non-accidental Trauma.

    Nakayama, Don K

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2023  Volume 58, Issue 12, Page(s) 2453–2454

    Abstract: St. Zenobius (337-417), second only to John the Baptist as a Patron Saint of Florence, revived a 5 ...

    Abstract St. Zenobius (337-417), second only to John the Baptist as a Patron Saint of Florence, revived a 5-year-old boy who appeared to be dead after he was struck by an ox cart, one of his several acts of resurrection for which he was revered. His miracles inspired some of the greatest artists of the Florentine Republic, including Ghiberti and Botticelli. Celebrated from Late Antiquity as protector of the city, St. Zenobius might also be considered the guardian of injured children. But it wasn't the only instance where he had to revivify an injured child: a boy died while he was entrusted to the saint's care, a circumstance that today would qualify as non-accidental trauma (NAT) from neglect and prompt an investigation from the police and child protective services.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Child Protective Services ; Legal Guardians ; Religion and Medicine ; Saints
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Death of Henry Ochsner, Intern at Johns Hopkins Hospital.

    Nakayama, Don K

    The American surgeon

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 5, Page(s) 397–398

    MeSH term(s) Baltimore ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Internship and Residency/history ; Switzerland ; Typhoid Fever/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Editorial ; Historical Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/0003134820921138
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Surgical Operation that Led to the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.

    Nakayama, Don K

    The American surgeon

    2022  Volume 88, Issue 11, Page(s) 2609–2611

    Abstract: ... in 17th century England. John Locke, the English philosopher whose concepts on the legitimacy ...

    Abstract The debate between individual rights and the limits of government has its roots in an operation in 17th century England. John Locke, the English philosopher whose concepts on the legitimacy of government are bedrocks of Western politics, was also a practicing physician who in 1668 was among a group of physicians that drained an infected hydatid cyst and thus saved the life of his political patron Anthony Ashley Cooper, the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.Locke, who had been a classics scholar at Oxford with royalist sympathies, had by chance just joined the Cooper home as house physician and tutor the previous year. Forever grateful to his young doctor Lord Ashley nurtured Locke's early involvement in politics. From his association with a powerful peer of the Realm Locke found himself at the very heart of English politics where he began to formulate the foundational principles of Anglo-American government.
    MeSH term(s) Drainage ; England ; Government ; History, 17th Century ; Humans ; Physicians ; Politics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Historical Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/00031348221093528
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Queen Caroline's Umbilical Hernia.

    Nakayama, Don K

    The American surgeon

    2022  , Page(s) 31348221114032

    Abstract: ... power, and a wife who would do her duty by providing him with male heirs," wrote popular historian John ...

    Abstract Never a monarch nor head of state, Queen Caroline of Ansbach (1683-1737) is among the legendary women rulers of England and Great Britain alongside Queens Elizabeth I and II, Queen Victoria, and Lady Margaret Thatcher. As queen consort, she was the acknowledged power behind the throne of her husband, King George II (1683-1760), working with Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of England. George accepted her intellectual superiority and backstage dominance even before he acceded to the throne in 1727. "[He had] no pretensions toward intellect and [was] basically interested in little more than military glory, political power, and a wife who would do her duty by providing him with male heirs," wrote popular historian John Van de Kiste. After they were wed in 1705, Caroline carried out her task with a remarkable fecundity: a male heir, Frederick Louis, in 1707, followed by Anne (1709), Amelia (1711), Caroline (1713), George William (1717), William (1721), Mary (1723), and Louise (1724). With good reason she believed that her influence over George came from his sexual attraction to her. It was a conceit that proved to be her undoing as she strove to hide from common knowledge an unsightly umbilical hernia. The rupture caused her death in 1737 at age 54. It strangulated, perforated, and spilled feculent succus entericus and fetid fluid onto the royal bed, a vivid example of the consequences of an untreated surgical condition.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/00031348221114032
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  7. Article ; Online: Racial Disparity, Social Determinates of Health, and Slavery During the Boston Smallpox Epidemics of the Eighteenth Century.

    Nakayama, Don K

    The American surgeon

    2022  , Page(s) 31348221093633

    Abstract: ... caseload. "This lowered the death rate for smallpox so markedly,' wrote John Blake, historian ...

    Abstract When Benjamin Franklin published the mortality rates from smallpox during the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1752, he revealed that Blacks not only had a higher mortality rate from smallpox (12.8%, 62/485; 8.9% for whites, 452/5,059), but once inoculated, had less protection from fatal disease (mortality rate 5.0%, 7/139; 1.2% for whites, 23/1,954). His report was thus the first publication to document racial disparities in a disease and its treatment. The differential outcomes came about in the context of slavery, poverty, and war, the predecessors of the social determinates of health that we observe today.During the 1752 outbreak only 28 percent of the Boston's occupants were inoculated, a level that failed to protect the community. When the contagion returned in 1764, the town selectmen decided to provide inoculations at no cost to all that needed them. That year inoculated smallpox reached 87 percent of the total caseload. "This lowered the death rate for smallpox so markedly,' wrote John Blake, historian at the National Library of Medicine, "that for the first time a smallpox year failed to stand out as one of unusual mortality." One final observation came from Franklin's data: the unexpectedly high prevalence of inoculations among Blacks (6.8% of those inoculated, 146/2,143; 8.5% of all those contracting the disease, 693/8,201). Boston's whites had made certain enslaved Blacks were inoculated, evidence the extent to which slavery was essential to the economy of colonial Boston.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/00031348221093633
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  8. Article ; Online: Franklin Mall, the first basic scientist of pediatric surgery.

    Nakayama, Don K

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 776–777

    Abstract: ... of anatomy at the new Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine when it opened in 1893, Mall was ...

    Abstract Franklin Mall (1862-1917) made fundamental discoveries in the embryology of malrotation and the development of the diaphragm, pathological conditions basic to pediatric surgery. As the inaugural professor of anatomy at the new Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine when it opened in 1893, Mall was among the first fulltime researchers in basic medical science in American medical schools, a new role that came to characterize the modern academic medical center.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Medicine ; Physicians ; Schools, Medical/history ; Specialties, Surgical ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.11.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Direct numerical simulations of a microswimmer in a viscoelastic fluid.

    Kobayashi, Takuya / Jung, Gerhard / Matsuoka, Yuki / Nakayama, Yasuya / Molina, John J / Yamamoto, Ryoichi

    Soft matter

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 37, Page(s) 7109–7121

    Abstract: This study presents the application of the smoothed profile (SP) method to perform direct numerical simulations for the motion of both passive and active "squirming" particles in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. We found that fluid elasticity has a ... ...

    Abstract This study presents the application of the smoothed profile (SP) method to perform direct numerical simulations for the motion of both passive and active "squirming" particles in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. We found that fluid elasticity has a significant impact on both the transient behavior and the steady-state velocity of the particles. Specifically, we observe that the swirling flow generated by the squirmer's surface velocity significantly enhances their swimming speed as the Weissenberg number increases, regardless of the swimming type. Furthermore, we find that pushers outperform pullers in Oldroyd-B fluids, suggesting that the speed of a squirmer depends on the swimmer type. To understand the physical origin of the phenomenon of swirling flow enhancing the swimming speed, we investigate the velocity field and polymer conformation around non-swirling and swirling neutral squirmers in viscoelastic fluids. Our investigation reveals that the velocity field around the neutral swirling squirmers exhibits pusher-like extensional flow characteristics, as well as an asymmetric polymer conformation distribution, which gives rise to this increased propulsion. This is confirmed by the investigation of the force on a fixed squirmer, which revealed that the polymer stress, particularly its diagonal components, plays a critical role in enhancing the swimming speed of swirling squirmers in viscoelastic fluids. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the maximum swimming speeds of swirling squirmers occur at an intermediate value of the fluid viscosity ratio for all swimmer types. These findings have important implications for understanding the behavior of particles and micro-organisms in complex fluids.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d3sm00600j
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Smoothed profile method for direct numerical simulations of hydrodynamically interacting particles.

    Yamamoto, Ryoichi / Molina, John J / Nakayama, Yasuya

    Soft matter

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 16, Page(s) 4226–4253

    Abstract: A general method is presented for computing the motions of hydrodynamically interacting particles in various kinds of host fluids for arbitrary Reynolds numbers. The method follows the standard procedure for performing direct numerical simulations (DNS) ... ...

    Abstract A general method is presented for computing the motions of hydrodynamically interacting particles in various kinds of host fluids for arbitrary Reynolds numbers. The method follows the standard procedure for performing direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particulate systems, where the Navier-Stokes equation must be solved consistently with the motion of the rigid particles, which defines the temporal boundary conditions to be satisfied by the Navier-Stokes equation. The smoothed profile (SP) method provides an efficient numerical scheme for coupling the continuum fluid mechanics with the dispersed moving particles, which are allowed to have arbitrary shapes. In this method, the sharp boundaries between solid particles and the host fluid are replaced with a smeared out thin shell (interfacial) region, which can be accurately resolved on a fixed Cartesian grid utilizing a SP function with a finite thickness. The accuracy of the SP method is illustrated by comparison with known exact results. In the present paper, the high degree of versatility of the SP method is demonstrated by considering several types of active and passive particle suspensions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d0sm02210a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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