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  1. Article ; Online: Liver fat as risk factor of hepatic and cardiometabolic diseases.

    Demir, Münevver / Bornstein, Stefan R / Mantzoros, Christos S / Perakakis, Nikolaos

    Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) e13612

    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver that can progress to liver inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although most efforts for ... ...

    Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver that can progress to liver inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although most efforts for drug development are focusing on the treatment of the latest stages of NAFLD, where significant fibrosis and NASH are present, findings from studies suggest that the amount of liver fat may be an important independent risk factor and/or predictor of development and progression of NAFLD and metabolic diseases. In this review, we first describe the current tools available for quantification of liver fat in humans and then present the clinical and pathophysiological evidence that link liver fat with NAFLD progression as well as with cardiometabolic diseases. Finally, we discuss current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to reduce liver fat and present open questions that have to be addressed in future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2147980-X
    ISSN 1467-789X ; 1467-7881
    ISSN (online) 1467-789X
    ISSN 1467-7881
    DOI 10.1111/obr.13612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Intergenerational Trauma, Dependency, and Detachment.

    Spiel, Shira / Szymanski, Kate / Bornstein, Robert

    The Journal of nervous and mental disease

    2023  Volume 211, Issue 9, Page(s) 679–685

    Abstract: Abstract: The literature on intergenerational transmission of trauma is predominantly focused on the mental health functioning of children and grandchildren of trauma survivors. Research shows that having a traumatized parent is related to increased ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: The literature on intergenerational transmission of trauma is predominantly focused on the mental health functioning of children and grandchildren of trauma survivors. Research shows that having a traumatized parent is related to increased psychopathology and dysfunctional attachment patterns in the next generation, but little is known about the effects of parental trauma on other aspects of interpersonal relating. The current study addresses this gap. Participants were young adult students from an urban college; individual and parental trauma histories, and indices of unhealthy dependency, dysfunctional detachment, and healthy dependency, were obtained. Results indicated that a wide range of parental traumas were positively correlated with dysfunctional detachment, but not related to destructive overdependence or healthy dependency. These results suggest that a wide range of parental traumas have a negative impact on the next generation's interpersonal dependency by fostering a tendency to distance themselves from close relationships.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Historical Trauma ; Dependency, Psychological ; Psychopathology ; Parents/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3020-x
    ISSN 1539-736X ; 0022-3018
    ISSN (online) 1539-736X
    ISSN 0022-3018
    DOI 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001682
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Triage implementation in resource-limited emergency departments: sharing tools and experience from the Pacific region.

    Mitchell, Rob / White, Libby / Elton, Leigh / Luke, Cliff / Bornstein, Sarah / Atua, Vincent

    International journal of emergency medicine

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

    Abstract: According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Emergency Care Systems Framework, triage is an essential function of emergency departments (EDs). This practice innovation article describes four strategies that have been used to support implementation ... ...

    Abstract According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Emergency Care Systems Framework, triage is an essential function of emergency departments (EDs). This practice innovation article describes four strategies that have been used to support implementation of the WHO-endorsed Interagency Integrated Triage Tool (IITT) in the Pacific region, namely needs assessment, digital learning, public communications and electronic data management.Using a case study from Vila Central Hospital in Vanuatu, a Pacific Small Island Developing State, we reflect on lessons learned from IITT implementation in a resource-limited ED. In particular, we describe the value of a bespoke needs assessment tool for documenting triage and patient flow requirements; the challenges and opportunities presented by digital learning; the benefits of locally designed, public-facing communications materials; and the feasibility and impact of a low-cost electronic data registry system.Our experience of using these tools in Vanuatu and across the Pacific region will be of interest to other resource-limited EDs seeking to improve their triage practice and performance. Although the resources and strategies presented in this article are focussed on the IITT, the principles are equally relevant to other triage systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411462-5
    ISSN 1865-1380 ; 1865-1372
    ISSN (online) 1865-1380
    ISSN 1865-1372
    DOI 10.1186/s12245-024-00583-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A retrospective cohort analysis of treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis who used substances in Tel Aviv, Israel.

    Kaliner, Ehud / Bornstein, Sandy / Kabha, Doaa / Lidji, Moshe / Sheffer, Rivka / Mor, Zohar

    Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

    2024  Volume 59, Issue 2

    Abstract: Aims: To outline the demographic, clinical, laboratory characteristics, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients who used substances.: Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared 50 TB patients who used substances with a matched ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To outline the demographic, clinical, laboratory characteristics, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients who used substances.
    Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared 50 TB patients who used substances with a matched random sample of 100 TB patients who did not use substances between 2007 and 2017. Treatment failure was defined as a sputum smear or culture that tested positive after 5 months of treatment, loss to follow-up, unevaluated patients, or death.
    Results: TB patients who used substances were typically younger, experienced homelessness, smokers, and had fewer chronic diseases than those who did not use substances. They also were hospitalized for longer periods, their treatment durations were longer, had higher rates of multidrug resistant strains, increased rates of treatment failure, and higher mortality. Individuals whose treatment failed predominantly originated from the former Soviet Union, experienced homelessness, and had chronic diseases compared with those whose treatment was successful. In the multivariate analysis, homelessness [odds ratios (OR) = 6.7], chronic diseases (OR = 12.4), and substance use (OR = 4.0) were predictors of treatment failures.
    Conclusions: TB patients who used substances were more likely to have treatment failure. Targeted interventions, including early diagnosis and enhanced support during treatment, are essential to achieve treatment success in this vulnerable population, in addition to TB-alcohol/drug collaborative activities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Israel/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Cohort Studies ; Chronic Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604956-4
    ISSN 1464-3502 ; 0309-1635 ; 0735-0414
    ISSN (online) 1464-3502
    ISSN 0309-1635 ; 0735-0414
    DOI 10.1093/alcalc/agad073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Adrenal Gland and Pancreatic Islets - A Beneficial Endocrine Alliance.

    Schubert, Undine / Lehmann, Susann / Schmid, Janine / Morawietz, Henning / Bornstein, Stefan R / Ludwig, Barbara

    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 286–293

    Abstract: Intraportal islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes enables restoration of glucose-regulated insulin secretion. However, several factors hamper a widespread application and long-term success: chronic hypoxia, an inappropriate ... ...

    Abstract Intraportal islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes enables restoration of glucose-regulated insulin secretion. However, several factors hamper a widespread application and long-term success: chronic hypoxia, an inappropriate microenvironment and suppression of regenerative and proliferative potential by high local levels of immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, the identification of alternative and superior transplant sites is of major scientific and clinical interest. Here, we aim to evaluate the adrenal as an alternative transplantation site. The adrenal features a particular microenvironment with extensive vascularization, anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. To validate this novel transplantation site, an in vitro co-culture system of adrenal cells and pancreatic islets was established and viability, islet survival, functional potency and antioxidative defense capacity were evaluated. For in vivo validation, an immune-deficient diabetic mouse model for intra-adrenal islet transplantation was applied. The functional capacity of intra-adrenally grafted islets to reverse diabetes was compared to a standard islet transplant model and measures of engraftment such as vascular integration were evaluated. The presence of adrenal cells positively impacted on cell metabolism and oxidative stress. Following transplantation, we could demonstrate enhanced islet function in comparison to standard models with improved engraftment and superior re-vascularization. This experimental approach allows for novel insights into the interaction of endocrine systems and may open up novel strategies for islet transplantation augmented through the bystander effect of other endocrine cells or the active factors secreted by adrenal cells modulating the microenvironment.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; Adrenal Glands ; Insulin Secretion
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80125-2
    ISSN 1439-4286 ; 0018-5043
    ISSN (online) 1439-4286
    ISSN 0018-5043
    DOI 10.1055/a-2256-6344
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Metabolic Syndrome and its Correlates among Hypertensive Patients in Abuja, North Central Nigeria.

    Onyegbutulem, H C / Henry-Onyegbutulem, P I / Dogo, D / Schwarz, P E H / Bornstein, S R

    West African journal of medicine

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 1164–1172

    Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of abnormalities which includes central obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia. Hypertension, (which is a very common component of metabolic syndrome), and diabetes mellitus, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of abnormalities which includes central obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia. Hypertension, (which is a very common component of metabolic syndrome), and diabetes mellitus, are independently associated. Also, studies examining metabolic syndrome inAbuja, a city with affluence-driven lifestyle, are not available. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients in Abuja, Nigeria, as well as to examine the associations between metabolic syndrome and certain factors in that cohort of hypertensive patients.
    Methods: This was a retrospective study that used data from hypertensive patients who attended clinic over a period of five years. Eight hundred and fifty-eight, (858-combined), case files of pre-treated, (previously known hypertensive patients) and newly diagnosed hypertensive participants were used for the study. The student t-tests were used to compare continuous variables, while Chi-square (χ2) tests were used for relationship between qualitative variables. The likelihood ratio test was employed to further confirm the statistical significance of certain independent variables relating with metabolic syndrome. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    Results: The mean ages were 48.70±12.18, 49.19±11.06 and 48.2±13.3 years for combined group, the pre-treated and the newly-diagnosed groups respectively. The pre-treated, group consists of those previously known hypertensive patients, while the new group consists of those who were newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and were treatment naïve. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was 45.5% in the combined group, 47.23% in the pre-treated group and 37.3% in the newly diagnosed group. The commonest component of metabolic syndrome was reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C.
    Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is prevalent among hypertensive patients in Abuja, Nigeria. Some correlates of metabolic syndrome include; elevated BMI, truncal obesity, elevated total cholesterol, the use of thiazide diuretics and beta blockers as antihypertensives.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country Nigeria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1132088-6
    ISSN 0189-160X
    ISSN 0189-160X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cochlear Implantation in Children With a Long Average Duration of Single Sided Deafness.

    Colasacco, Christine J / Morgan, Samantha / Bornstein, Rivka / Drugge, Elizabeth / Stidham, Katrina R

    The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 3, Page(s) 345–350

    Abstract: Objectives: Previous research has shown the positive effects of cochlear implantation in children with a short duration of single sided deafness (SSD). This case series assessed the impact of cochlear implantation in a cohort of children with a longer ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Previous research has shown the positive effects of cochlear implantation in children with a short duration of single sided deafness (SSD). This case series assessed the impact of cochlear implantation in a cohort of children with a longer average duration of SSD.
    Methods: A retrospective chart review of 6 children who received a cochlear implant for SSD. The mean age at time of cochlear implantation was 14.7 years old (median = 15.5, interquartile range (IQR) = 2.5) and mean duration of hearing loss before cochlear implantation was 10.8 years (median = 11.5, IQR = 5.3). Pre- and post-operative audiometric data for aided speech perception testing, sentence recognition in quiet, sentence recognition in noise, and word recognition scores were analyzed.
    Results: When compared to preoperative hearing aid scores a 24% significant increase in median word score and a 64% significant increase in median sentence recognition score in quiet was observed at 12 months post-op.
    Conclusion: Cochlear implantation in children with a longer duration of SSD can provide benefit to speech recognition.
    Lay summary: This retrospective case series of children with prolonged single sided deafness demonstrated an improvement in word and sentence recognition within 12 months of receiving a cochlear implant.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech Perception ; Treatment Outcome ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness/surgery ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120642-4
    ISSN 1943-572X ; 0003-4894
    ISSN (online) 1943-572X
    ISSN 0003-4894
    DOI 10.1177/00034894231216288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: [No title information]

    Cozma, Diana / Siatra, Panagiota / Bornstein, Stefan R. / Steenblock, Charlotte

    Hormone and Metabolic Research

    (The Adrenal Gland)

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 01, Page(s) 65–77

    Abstract: ... in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body’s stress response ...

    Series title The Adrenal Gland
    Abstract Metabolic diseases are prevalent in modern society and have reached pandemic proportions. Metabolic diseases have systemic effects on the body and can lead to changes in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body’s stress response. These changes may be attributed to rising insulin levels and the release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, which affect hormone production by the neuroendocrine stress axis. Chronic stress due to inflammation may exacerbate these effects. The increased sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, providing a possible explanation for the high prevalence of severe comorbidities such as heart disease and stroke associated with metabolic disease. In this review, we address current knowledge of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to metabolic disease and discuss its role in developing metabolic syndrome.
    Keywords HPA axis ; adipose tissue ; obesity ; metabolic diseases ; obesity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 80125-2
    ISSN 1439-4286 ; 0018-5043
    ISSN (online) 1439-4286
    ISSN 0018-5043
    DOI 10.1055/a-2201-6641
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  9. Article: Titin-Truncating variants Predispose to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Diverse Populations.

    DePaolo, John / Bornstein, Marc / Judy, Renae / Abramowitz, Sarah / Verma, Shefali S / Levin, Michael G / Arany, Zoltan / Damrauer, Scott M

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Importance: The effect of high percentage spliced in (hiPSI) : Objective: To determine the effect of TTNtvs on risk of DCM in diverse population as measured by genetic distance (GD) in principal component (PC) space.: Design: Cohort study.: ... ...

    Abstract Importance: The effect of high percentage spliced in (hiPSI)
    Objective: To determine the effect of TTNtvs on risk of DCM in diverse population as measured by genetic distance (GD) in principal component (PC) space.
    Design: Cohort study.
    Setting: Penn Medicine Biobank (PMBB) is a large, diverse biobank.
    Participants: Participants were recruited from across the Penn Medicine healthcare system and volunteered to have their electronic health records linked to biospecimen data including DNA which has undergone whole exome sequencing.
    Main outcomes and measures: Risk of DCM among individuals carrying a hiPSI TTNtv.
    Results: Carrying a hiPSI TTNtv was associated with DCM among PMBB participants across a range of GD deciles from the 1000G European centroid; the effect estimates ranged from odds ratio (OR) = 3.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26 to 8.56) to OR = 9.39 (95% CI 3.82 to 23.13). When individuals were assigned to population subgroups based on genetic similarity to the 1000G reference populations, hiPSI TTNtvs conferred significant risk of DCM among those genetically similar to the 1000G European reference population (OR = 7.55, 95% CI 4.99 to 11.42,
    Conclusions and relevance: TTNtvs are associated with increased risk of DCM among a diverse cohort. There is no significant difference in effect of TTNtvs on DCM risk across deciles of GD from the 1000G European centroid, suggesting genetic background should not be considered when screening individuals for titin-related DCM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.17.24301405
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Exploring Localized Provoked Vulvodynia: Insights from Animal Model Research.

    Nakhleh-Francis, Yara / Awad-Igbaria, Yaseen / Sakas, Reem / Bang, Sarina / Abu-Ata, Saher / Palzur, Eilam / Lowenstein, Lior / Bornstein, Jacob

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 8

    Abstract: Provoked vulvodynia represents a challenging chronic pain condition, characterized by its multifactorial origins. The inherent complexities of human-based studies have necessitated the use of animal models to enrich our understanding of vulvodynia's ... ...

    Abstract Provoked vulvodynia represents a challenging chronic pain condition, characterized by its multifactorial origins. The inherent complexities of human-based studies have necessitated the use of animal models to enrich our understanding of vulvodynia's pathophysiology. This review aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the various animal models employed in this research domain. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, utilizing keywords such as "vulvodynia", "chronic vulvar pain", "vulvodynia induction", and "animal models of vulvodynia" to identify pertinent studies. The search yielded three primary animal models for vulvodynia: inflammation-induced, allergy-induced, and hormone-induced. Additionally, six agents capable of triggering the condition through diverse pathways were identified, including factors contributing to hyperinnervation, mast cell proliferation, involvement of other immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitters. This review systematically outlines the various animal models developed to study the pathogenesis of provoked vulvodynia. Understanding these models is crucial for the exploration of preventative measures, the development of novel treatments, and the overall advancement of research within the field.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Vulvodynia/etiology ; Vulvodynia/pathology ; Female ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms25084261
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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