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  1. Article: Machine-Learning Identifies a Strategy for Differentiation Therapy in Solid Tumors.

    Sinha, Saptarshi / Alcantara, Joshua / Perry, Kevin / Castillo, Vanessa / Espinoza, Celia R / Taheri, Sahar / Vidales, Eleadah / Tindle, Courtney / Adel, Adel / Amirfakhri, Siamak / Sawires, Joseph R / Yang, Jerry / Bouvet, Michael / Sahoo, Debashis / Ghosh, Pradipta

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Although differentiation therapy can cure some hematologic malignancies, its curative potential remains unrealized in solid tumors. This is because conventional computational approaches succumb to the thunderous noise of inter-/intratumoral ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although differentiation therapy can cure some hematologic malignancies, its curative potential remains unrealized in solid tumors. This is because conventional computational approaches succumb to the thunderous noise of inter-/intratumoral heterogeneity. Using colorectal cancers (CRCs) as an example, here we outline a machine learning(ML)-based approach to track, differentiate, and selectively target cancer stem cells (CSCs).
    Methods: A transcriptomic network was built and validated using healthy colon and CRC tissues in diverse gene expression datasets (~5,000 human and >300 mouse samples). Therapeutic targets and perturbation strategies were prioritized using ML, with the goal of reinstating the expression of a transcriptional identifier of the differentiated colonocyte, CDX2, whose loss in poorly differentiated (CSC-enriched) CRCs doubles the risk of relapse/death. The top candidate target was then engaged with a clinical-grade drug and tested on 3 models: CRC lines in vitro, xenografts in mice, and in a prospective cohort of healthy (n = 3) and CRC (n = 23) patient-derived organoids (PDOs).
    Results: The drug shifts the network predictably, induces CDX2 and crypt differentiation, and shows cytotoxicity in all 3 models, with a high degree of selectivity towards all CDX2-negative cell lines, xenotransplants, and PDOs. The potential for effective pairing of therapeutic efficacy (IC50) and biomarker (CDX2-low state) is confirmed in PDOs using multivariate analyses. A 50-gene signature of therapeutic response is derived and tested on 9 independent cohorts (~1700 CRCs), revealing the impact of CDX2-reinstatement therapy could translate into a ~50% reduction in the risk of mortality/recurrence.
    Conclusions: Findings not only validate the precision of the ML approach in targeting CSCs, and objectively assess its impact on clinical outcome, but also exemplify the use of ML in yielding clinical directive information for enhancing personalized medicine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.09.13.557628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Functional assays with human patient-derived enteroid monolayers to assess the human gut barrier.

    Sayed, Ibrahim M / Tindle, Courtney / Fonseca, Ayden G / Ghosh, Pradipta / Das, Soumita

    STAR protocols

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100680

    Abstract: Here, we describe the use of polarized patient enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) to assess the impact of e-cigarettes on the human gut barrier. These EDMs can be adapted to culture in a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. We model the effect of ...

    Abstract Here, we describe the use of polarized patient enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) to assess the impact of e-cigarettes on the human gut barrier. These EDMs can be adapted to culture in a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. We model the effect of e-cigarettes by combining pathogens, enteroids, and e-cigarette vapor-infused media and assess gut barrier integrity, bacterial internalization, and inflammatory response of the gut epithelium. This protocol can be used to assess the effects of e-cigarette components on gut functions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sharma et al. (2021).
    MeSH term(s) Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Epithelium ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/cytology ; Models, Biological ; Organoids/cytology ; Organoids/metabolism ; Primary Cell Culture/methods ; Vaping/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100680
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Functional assays with human patient-derived enteroid monolayers to assess the human gut barrier

    Ibrahim M. Sayed / Courtney Tindle / Ayden G. Fonseca / Pradipta Ghosh / Soumita Das

    STAR Protocols, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 100680- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Here, we describe the use of polarized patient enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) to assess the impact of e-cigarettes on the human gut barrier. These EDMs can be adapted to culture in a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. We model the ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Here, we describe the use of polarized patient enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) to assess the impact of e-cigarettes on the human gut barrier. These EDMs can be adapted to culture in a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. We model the effect of e-cigarettes by combining pathogens, enteroids, and e-cigarette vapor-infused media and assess gut barrier integrity, bacterial internalization, and inflammatory response of the gut epithelium. This protocol can be used to assess the effects of e-cigarette components on gut functions.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sharma et al. (2021).
    Keywords Cell Biology ; Cell culture ; High Throughput Screening ; Immunology ; Microbiology ; Stem Cells ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: SPT6 loss permits the transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into an intestinal fate that resembles Barrett's metaplasia.

    Vo, Daniella T / Fuller, MacKenzie R / Tindle, Courtney / Anandachar, Mahitha Shree / Das, Soumita / Sahoo, Debashis / Ghosh, Pradipta

    iScience

    2021  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 103121

    Abstract: Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this ... ...

    Abstract Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this phenomenon of transdifferentiation recapitulates Barrett's metaplasia, the only human pathophysiologic condition in which a stratified squamous epithelium that is injured due to chronic acid reflux is trans-committed into an intestinal fate. The evidence we present here not only lend support to the notion that the keratinocytes are potentially the cell of origin of Barrett's metaplasia but also provide mechanistic insights linking transient acid exposure, downregulation of SPT6, stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate TP63, loss of epidermal fate, and metaplastic progression. Because Barrett's metaplasia in the esophagus is a pre-neoplastic condition with no preclinical human models, these findings have a profound impact on the modeling Barrett's metaplasia-in-a-dish.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A Living Organoid Biobank of Crohn's Disease Patients Reveals Molecular Subtypes for Personalized Therapeutics.

    Tindle, Courtney / Katkar, Gajanan D / Fonseca, Ayden G / Taheri, Sahar / Lee, Jasper / Maity, Priti / Sayed, Ibrahim M / Ibeawuchi, Stella-Rita / Vidales, Eleadah / Pranadinata, Rama F / Fuller, Mackenzie / Stec, Dominik L / Anandachar, Mahitha Shree / Perry, Kevin / Le, Helen N / Ear, Jason / Boland, Brigid S / Sandborn, William J / Sahoo, Debashis /
    Das, Soumita / Ghosh, Pradipta

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.03.11.532245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: COVID-19 lung disease shares driver AT2 cytopathic features with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

    Sinha, Saptarshi / Castillo, Vanessa / Espinoza, Celia R / Tindle, Courtney / Fonseca, Ayden G / Dan, Jennifer M / Katkar, Gajanan D / Das, Soumita / Sahoo, Debashis / Ghosh, Pradipta

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: In the aftermath of Covid-19, some patients develop a fibrotic lung disease, i.e., : Method: Using an AI-guided approach, we analyzed > 1000 human lung transcriptomic datasets associated with various lung conditions using two viral ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the aftermath of Covid-19, some patients develop a fibrotic lung disease, i.e.,
    Method: Using an AI-guided approach, we analyzed > 1000 human lung transcriptomic datasets associated with various lung conditions using two viral pandemic signatures (ViP and sViP) and one covid lung-derived signature. Upon identifying similarities between COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we subsequently dissected the basis for such similarity from molecular, cytopathic, and immunologic perspectives using a panel of IPF-specific gene signatures, alongside signatures of alveolar type II (AT2) cytopathies and of prognostic monocyte-driven processes that are known drivers of IPF. Transcriptome-derived findings were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the major triggers of AT2 dysfunction. Key findings were validated in hamster and human adult lung organoid (ALO) pre-clinical models of COVID-19 using immunohistochemistry and qPCR.
    Findings: COVID-19 resembles IPF at a fundamental level; it recapitulates the gene expression patterns (ViP and IPF signatures), cytokine storm (IL15-centric), and the AT2 cytopathic changes, e.g., injury, DNA damage, arrest in a transient, damage-induced progenitor state, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These immunocytopathic features were induced in pre-clinical COVID models (ALO and hamster) and reversed with effective anti-CoV-2 therapeutics in hamsters. PPI-network analyses pinpointed ER stress as one of the shared early triggers of both diseases, and IHC studies validated the same in the lungs of deceased subjects with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-challenged hamster lungs. Lungs from
    Interpretation: Like IPF, COVID-19 may be driven by injury-induced ER stress that culminates into progenitor state arrest and SASP in AT2 cells. The ViP signatures in monocytes may be key determinants of prognosis. The insights, signatures, disease models identified here are likely to spur the development of therapies for patients with IPF and other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.
    Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health grants R01-GM138385 and AI155696 and funding from the Tobacco-Related disease Research Program (R01RG3780).
    One sentence summary: Severe COVID-19 triggers cellular processes seen in fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease.
    Research in context: Evidence before this study:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.11.28.470269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: SPT6 loss permits the transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into an intestinal fate that resembles Barrett’s metaplasia

    Daniella T. Vo / MacKenzie R. Fuller / Courtney Tindle / Mahitha Shree Anandachar / Soumita Das / Debashis Sahoo / Pradipta Ghosh

    iScience, Vol 24, Iss 10, Pp 103121- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this ...

    Abstract Summary: Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this phenomenon of transdifferentiation recapitulates Barrett’s metaplasia, the only human pathophysiologic condition in which a stratified squamous epithelium that is injured due to chronic acid reflux is trans-committed into an intestinal fate. The evidence we present here not only lend support to the notion that the keratinocytes are potentially the cell of origin of Barrett’s metaplasia but also provide mechanistic insights linking transient acid exposure, downregulation of SPT6, stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate TP63, loss of epidermal fate, and metaplastic progression. Because Barrett’s metaplasia in the esophagus is a pre-neoplastic condition with no preclinical human models, these findings have a profound impact on the modeling Barrett’s metaplasia-in-a-dish.
    Keywords Molecular biology ; Cell biology ; Bioinformatics ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: COVID-19 lung disease shares driver AT2 cytopathic features with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

    Sinha, Saptarshi / Castillo, Vanessa / Espinoza, Celia R / Tindle, Courtney / Fonseca, Ayden G / Dan, Jennifer M / Katkar, Gajanan D / Das, Soumita / Sahoo, Debashis / Ghosh, Pradipta

    EBioMedicine

    2022  Volume 82, Page(s) 104185

    Abstract: Background: In the aftermath of Covid-19, some patients develop a fibrotic lung disease, i.e., post-COVID-19 lung disease (PCLD), for which we currently lack insights into pathogenesis, disease models, or treatment options.: Methods: Using an AI- ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the aftermath of Covid-19, some patients develop a fibrotic lung disease, i.e., post-COVID-19 lung disease (PCLD), for which we currently lack insights into pathogenesis, disease models, or treatment options.
    Methods: Using an AI-guided approach, we analyzed > 1000 human lung transcriptomic datasets associated with various lung conditions using two viral pandemic signatures (ViP and sViP) and one covid lung-derived signature. Upon identifying similarities between COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we subsequently dissected the basis for such similarity from molecular, cytopathic, and immunologic perspectives using a panel of IPF-specific gene signatures, alongside signatures of alveolar type II (AT2) cytopathies and of prognostic monocyte-driven processes that are known drivers of IPF. Transcriptome-derived findings were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the major triggers of AT2 dysfunction. Key findings were validated in hamster and human adult lung organoid (ALO) pre-clinical models of COVID-19 using immunohistochemistry and qPCR.
    Findings: COVID-19 resembles IPF at a fundamental level; it recapitulates the gene expression patterns (ViP and IPF signatures), cytokine storm (IL15-centric), and the AT2 cytopathic changes, e.g., injury, DNA damage, arrest in a transient, damage-induced progenitor state, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These immunocytopathic features were induced in pre-clinical COVID models (ALO and hamster) and reversed with effective anti-CoV-2 therapeutics in hamsters. PPI-network analyses pinpointed ER stress as one of the shared early triggers of both diseases, and IHC studies validated the same in the lungs of deceased subjects with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-challenged hamster lungs. Lungs from tg-mice, in which ER stress is induced specifically in the AT2 cells, faithfully recapitulate the host immune response and alveolar cytopathic changes that are induced by SARS-CoV-2.
    Interpretation: Like IPF, COVID-19 may be driven by injury-induced ER stress that culminates into progenitor state arrest and SASP in AT2 cells. The ViP signatures in monocytes may be key determinants of prognosis. The insights, signatures, disease models identified here are likely to spur the development of therapies for patients with IPF and other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.
    Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health grants R01- GM138385 and AI155696 and funding from the Tobacco-Related disease Research Program (R01RG3780).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism ; Lung/pathology ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104185
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects.

    Saul, Sirle / Karim, Marwah / Ghita, Luca / Huang, Pei-Tzu / Chiu, Winston / Durán, Verónica / Lo, Chieh-Wen / Kumar, Sathish / Bhalla, Nishank / Leyssen, Pieter / Alem, Farhang / Boghdeh, Niloufar A / Tran, Do Hn / Cohen, Courtney A / Brown, Jacquelyn A / Huie, Kathleen E / Tindle, Courtney / Sibai, Mamdouh / Ye, Chengjin /
    Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Chiem, Kevin / Martinez-Sobrido, Luis / Dye, John M / Pinsky, Benjamin A / Ghosh, Pradipta / Das, Soumita / Solow-Cordero, David E / Jin, Jing / Wikswo, John P / Jochmans, Dirk / Neyts, Johan / De Jonghe, Steven / Narayanan, Aarthi / Einav, Shirit

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 19

    Abstract: Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that ... ...

    Abstract Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, proinflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidics-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof of principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Cytokines ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Lapatinib/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Cytokines ; Lapatinib (0VUA21238F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI169510
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects.

    Saul, Sirle / Karim, Marwah / Ghita, Luca / Huang, Pei-Tzu / Chiu, Winston / Durán, Verónica / Lo, Chieh-Wen / Kumar, Sathish / Bhalla, Nishank / Leyssen, Pieter / Alem, Farhang / Boghdeh, Niloufar A / Tran, Do Hn / Cohen, Courtney A / Brown, Jacquelyn A / Huie, Kathleen E / Tindle, Courtney / Sibai, Mamdouh / Ye, Chengjin /
    Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Martinez-Sobrido, Luis / Dye, John M / Pinsky, Benjamin A / Ghosh, Pradipta / Das, Soumita / Solow-Cordero, David E / Jin, Jing / Wikswo, John P / Jochmans, Dirk / Neyts, Johan / Jonghe, Steven De / Narayanan, Aarthi / Einav, Shirit

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that ... ...

    Abstract Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, 2 and 4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production and disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidic-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof-of-principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.05.15.444128
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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