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Article ; Online: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Develop a Combined Model of U.S. College Student Alcohol-Associated Condomless Sex.

Sheinfil, Alan Z / Firkey, Madison / Bucci, Veronica / Gjoka, Mikaela / Woolf-King, Sarah E

2024 Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 1499–1518

Abstract: Unhealthy alcohol use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are significant public health concerns for US college students. Because alcohol use and condomless sex often co-occur in this population, alcohol-associated condomless sex has been ... ...

Abstract	Unhealthy alcohol use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are significant public health concerns for US college students. Because alcohol use and condomless sex often co-occur in this population, alcohol-associated condomless sex has been identified as a behavioral intervention target. Existing theoretical frameworks have not garnered sufficient empirical support to serve as the foundation for interventions. The primary goal of the current study was to use a mixed-methods approach to develop a model of college student alcohol-associated condomless sex that combines elements from well-established health behavior theories. In Aim 1, multilevel modeling was used to predict condomless vaginal sex in a sample of heterosexual college student drinkers (N = 53). Aim 2 consisted of in-depth interviews (n = 18) to gather perceptions about the role of alcohol in sexual activity and identify supplemental constructs omitted from theories in Aim 1. The multilevel model explained a significant proportion of variance in condomless vaginal sex at the between- and within-person level. Themes derived from the in-depth interviews identified complementary elements of condom use decision-making. Findings from both aims were synthesized to construct a combined model of alcohol-associated condomless sex. This model can be further refined and ultimately serve as the foundation of an alcohol-STI prevention-intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Unsafe Sex/prevention & control ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; Safe Sex ; Students ; Condoms ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184221-3
ISSN	1573-2800 ; 0004-0002
ISSN (online)	1573-2800
ISSN	0004-0002
DOI	10.1007/s10508-024-02826-4
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Article ; Online: U.S. state policy contexts and mortality of working-age adults.

Montez, Jennifer Karas / Mehri, Nader / Monnat, Shannon M / Beckfield, Jason / Chapman, Derek / Grumbach, Jacob M / Hayward, Mark D / Woolf, Steven H / Zajacova, Anna

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0275466

Abstract: ... causes, suicide, and drug poisoning; and it has been especially severe in some U.S. states. Building ... on recent work, this study examined whether U.S. state policy contexts may be a central explanation ...

Abstract	The rise in working-age mortality rates in the United States in recent decades largely reflects stalled declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality alongside rising mortality from alcohol-induced causes, suicide, and drug poisoning; and it has been especially severe in some U.S. states. Building on recent work, this study examined whether U.S. state policy contexts may be a central explanation. We modeled the associations between working-age mortality rates and state policies during 1999 to 2019. We used annual data from the 1999-2019 National Vital Statistics System to calculate state-level age-adjusted mortality rates for deaths from all causes and from CVD, alcohol-induced causes, suicide, and drug poisoning among adults ages 25-64 years. We merged that data with annual state-level data on eight policy domains, such as labor and taxes, where each domain was scored on a 0-1 conservative-to-liberal continuum. Results show that the policy domains were associated with working-age mortality. More conservative marijuana policies and more liberal policies on the environment, gun safety, labor, economic taxes, and tobacco taxes in a state were associated with lower mortality in that state. Especially strong associations were observed between certain domains and specific causes of death: between the gun safety domain and suicide mortality among men, between the labor domain and alcohol-induced mortality, and between both the economic tax and tobacco tax domains and CVD mortality. Simulations indicate that changing all policy domains in all states to a fully liberal orientation might have saved 171,030 lives in 2019, while changing them to a fully conservative orientation might have cost 217,635 lives.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Taxes ; Tobacco Products ; Policy ; Cardiovascular Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0275466
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Article ; Online: U.S. state policy contexts and mortality of working-age adults.

Jennifer Karas Montez / Nader Mehri / Shannon M Monnat / Jason Beckfield / Derek Chapman / Jacob M Grumbach / Mark D Hayward / Steven H Woolf / Anna Zajacova

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 10, p e

2022 Volume 0275466

Abstract	The rise in working-age mortality rates in the United States in recent decades largely reflects stalled declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality alongside rising mortality from alcohol-induced causes, suicide, and drug poisoning; and it has been especially severe in some U.S. states. Building on recent work, this study examined whether U.S. state policy contexts may be a central explanation. We modeled the associations between working-age mortality rates and state policies during 1999 to 2019. We used annual data from the 1999-2019 National Vital Statistics System to calculate state-level age-adjusted mortality rates for deaths from all causes and from CVD, alcohol-induced causes, suicide, and drug poisoning among adults ages 25-64 years. We merged that data with annual state-level data on eight policy domains, such as labor and taxes, where each domain was scored on a 0-1 conservative-to-liberal continuum. Results show that the policy domains were associated with working-age mortality. More conservative marijuana policies and more liberal policies on the environment, gun safety, labor, economic taxes, and tobacco taxes in a state were associated with lower mortality in that state. Especially strong associations were observed between certain domains and specific causes of death: between the gun safety domain and suicide mortality among men, between the labor domain and alcohol-induced mortality, and between both the economic tax and tobacco tax domains and CVD mortality. Simulations indicate that changing all policy domains in all states to a fully liberal orientation might have saved 171,030 lives in 2019, while changing them to a fully conservative orientation might have cost 217,635 lives.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Substance use, sexual behavior, and general well-being of U.S. college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report.

Firkey, Madison K / Sheinfil, Alan Z / Woolf-King, Sarah E

Journal of American college health : J of ACH

2021 Volume 70, Issue 8, Page(s) 2270–2275

Abstract: This study gathered preliminary data on the impact of the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic ... on the substance use, sexual behavior, and general well-being of U.S. college students. Participants from colleges ... across the U.S. (N = 212; 50.5% female; ...

Abstract	This study gathered preliminary data on the impact of the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the substance use, sexual behavior, and general well-being of U.S. college students. Participants from colleges across the U.S. (N = 212; 50.5% female;
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Male ; Students ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Universities ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604907-2
ISSN	1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
ISSN (online)	1940-3208
ISSN	0744-8481
DOI	10.1080/07448481.2020.1869750
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Article ; Online: REPRINT OF: Current Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: A Review of the Process.

Harris, Russell P / Helfand, Mark / Woolf, Steven H / Lohr, Kathleen N / Mulrow, Cynthia D / Teutsch, Steven M / Atkins, David

American journal of preventive medicine

2020 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 316–331

Abstract: ... of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20(3S):21-35 ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF/Task Force) represents one of several efforts to take ... please use the original publication details: Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, et al. Current methods ...

Abstract	Editor's Note: This article is a reprint of a previously published article. For citation purposes, please use the original publication details: Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, et al. Current methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20(3S):21-35. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF/Task Force) represents one of several efforts to take a more evidence-based approach to the development of clinical practice guidelines. As methods have matured for assembling and reviewing evidence and for translating evidence into guidelines, so too have the methods of the USPSTF. This paper summarizes the current methods of the third USPSTF, supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and two of the AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs). The Task Force limits the topics it reviews to those conditions that cause a large burden of suffering to society and that also have available a potentially effective preventive service. It focuses its reviews on the questions and evidence most critical to making a recommendation. It uses analytic frameworks to specify the linkages and key questions connecting the preventive service with health outcomes. These linkages, together with explicit inclusion criteria, guide the literature searches for admissible evidence. Once assembled, admissible evidence is reviewed at three strata: (1) the individual study, (2) the body of evidence concerning a single linkage in the analytic framework, and (3) the body of evidence concerning the entire preventive service. For each stratum, the Task Force uses explicit criteria as general guidelines to assign one of three grades of evidence: good, fair, or poor. Good or fair quality evidence for the entire preventive service must include studies of sufficient design and quality to provide an unbroken chain of evidence-supported linkages, generalizable to the general primary care population, that connect the preventive service with health outcomes. Poor evidence contains a formidable break in the evidence chain such that the connection between the preventive service and health outcomes is uncertain. For services supported by overall good or fair evidence, the Task Force uses outcomes tables to help categorize the magnitude of benefits, harms, and net benefit from implementation of the preventive service into one of four categories: substantial, moderate, small, or zero/negative. The Task Force uses its assessment of the evidence and magnitude of net benefit to make a recommendation, coded as a letter: from A (strongly recommended) to D (recommend against). It gives an I recommendation in situations in which the evidence is insufficient to determine net benefit. The third Task Force and the EPCs will continue to examine a variety of methodologic issues and document work group progress in future communications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2020.01.001
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Article ; Online: The Social Determinants of Health and the Decline in U.S. Life Expectancy: Implications for Appalachia.

Woolf, Steven H / Schoomaker, Heidi / Hill, Latoya / Orndahl, Christine M

Journal of Appalachian health

2019 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–14

Abstract: For the past century, life expectancy in industrialized countries has increased, and the U.S. has ... shared in that progress. However, beginning in the 1980s, advances in U.S. life expectancy began to lose ... pace with peer countries. By 1998, U.S. life expectancy had fallen below the average for Organisation ...

Abstract	For the past century, life expectancy in industrialized countries has increased, and the U.S. has shared in that progress. However, beginning in the 1980s, advances in U.S. life expectancy began to lose pace with peer countries. By 1998, U.S. life expectancy had fallen below the average for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development nations. U.S. life expectancy peaked in 2014 and has been decreasing for three consecutive years, a trend not been seen since the influenza pandemic a century ago. Put simply, U.S. health is in decline.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2641-7804
ISSN (online)	2641-7804
DOI	10.13023/jah.0101.02
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Educational Disparities in Adult Mortality Across U.S. States: How Do They Differ, and Have They Changed Since the Mid-1980s?

Montez, Jennifer Karas / Zajacova, Anna / Hayward, Mark D / Woolf, Steven H / Chapman, Derek / Beckfield, Jason

Demography

2019 Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 621–644

Abstract: ... This study takes an important step toward explaining educational disparities in U.S. adult mortality and ... their growth since the mid-1980s by examining them across U.S. states. We analyzed data on adults aged 45-89 ... in the South and Midwest. The findings provide new insights into the troubling trends and disparities in U.S ...

Abstract	Adult mortality varies greatly by educational attainment. Explanations have focused on actions and choices made by individuals, neglecting contextual factors such as economic and policy environments. This study takes an important step toward explaining educational disparities in U.S. adult mortality and their growth since the mid-1980s by examining them across U.S. states. We analyzed data on adults aged 45-89 in the 1985-2011 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (721,448 adults; 225,592 deaths). We compared educational disparities in mortality in the early twenty-first century (1999-2011) with those of the late twentieth century (1985-1998) for 36 large-sample states, accounting for demographic covariates and birth state. We found that disparities vary considerably by state: in the early twenty-first century, the greater risk of death associated with lacking a high school credential, compared with having completed at least one year of college, ranged from 40 % in Arizona to 104 % in Maryland. The size of the disparities varies across states primarily because mortality associated with low education varies. Between the two periods, higher-educated adult mortality declined to similar levels across most states, but lower-educated adult mortality decreased, increased, or changed little, depending on the state. Consequently, educational disparities in mortality grew over time in many, but not all, states, with growth most common in the South and Midwest. The findings provide new insights into the troubling trends and disparities in U.S. adult mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Educational Status ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends ; Regression Analysis ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280612-5
ISSN	1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
ISSN	0070-3370
DOI	10.1007/s13524-018-0750-z
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Book: U.S. health in international perspective

Woolf, Steven H / Aron, Laudan Y

shorter lives, poorer health

2013

Institution	Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries. National Research Council (U.S.). / Committee on Population. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). / Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Author's details	Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries, Steven H. Woolf and Laudan Aron, editors ; Committee on Population, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education ; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine ; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies
MeSH term(s)	Health Status Disparities ; Delivery of Health Care ; Attitude to Health ; Social Environment ; Public Health
Keywords	United States
Language	English
Size	xxv, 394 pages :, illustrations ;, 23 cm
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780309264143 ; 0309264146
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article ; Online: Transfigurations of the Commonplace

Judith Woolf

Humanities, Vol 12, Iss 46, p

Hirst’s Tumbler, Joyce’s Tap

2023 Volume 46

Abstract: ... by Thomas Hardy’s Under the Waterfall and James Joyce’s great prose aria to water all its forms ...

Abstract	One reason why the concept of the quotidian has proved elusive to critics of literature and the visual arts is that the commonplace in art and literature so often refuses to remain untransfigured, not least because of its power to confront us with the material detritus with which we surround ourselves and which we will eventually join. It is not surprising, then, that contemporary artists share a preoccupation with finding both mortality and transcendence in what John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester called “the lumber of the world.” In this paper, I shall consider how an early Damien Hirst mini-installation, consisting of a glass tumbler of water and a ping-pong ball, takes its only partly mocking place in a still life tradition going back to Roman xenia and seventeenth-century vanitas paintings, and to a related literary tradition typified by Thomas Hardy’s Under the Waterfall and James Joyce’s great prose aria to water all its forms in the Ithaca section of Ulysses .
Keywords	Damien Hirst ; death ; poetry ; vanitas paintings ; conceptual art ; still life ; History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999
Subject code	700
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The term CAKUT has outlived its usefulness: the case for the prosecution.

Woolf, Adrian S

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

2022 Volume 37, Issue 11, Page(s) 2785–2791

Abstract: CAKUT stands for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, and the acronym first appeared in a review article published in 1998. Since then, CAKUT has become a familiar term encountered in the medical literature, especially in nephrology ... ...

Abstract	CAKUT stands for Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, and the acronym first appeared in a review article published in 1998. Since then, CAKUT has become a familiar term encountered in the medical literature, especially in nephrology journals. I reason that the term CAKUT was conceived as not a simple description of various diseases, but more as shorthand for a bold conceptual package that linked the occurrence of diverse types of anatomical malformations with insights from genetic and developmental biology research. Moreover, the angiotensin II receptor type 2 was seen as a paradigmatic molecule in the pathobiology of CAKUT. I contend that the acronym, while appearing as an intellectually good idea at the time it was conceived, has outlived its usefulness. To reach these conclusions, I focus on the complex of research observations that led to the theory behind CAKUT, and then question whether these scientific foundations still stand firm. In addition, it is noted that not all clinicians have adopted the acronym, and I speculate why this is the case. I proceed to demonstrate that there is an incompatibility between the semantic meaning of CAKUT and the diseases for which the term was originally conceived. Instead, I suggest the acronym UTM, standing for Urinary Tract Malformation, is a simpler and less ambiguous one to use. Finally, I contend that the continued use of the acronym is a regressive step for the disciplines of nephrology and urology, taking us back two centuries when all kidney diseases were simply called Bright's disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Kidney/abnormalities ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Urinary Tract/abnormalities ; Urogenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/genetics
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Angiotensin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	631932-4
ISSN	1432-198X ; 0931-041X
ISSN (online)	1432-198X
ISSN	0931-041X
DOI	10.1007/s00467-022-05576-4
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