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  1. Article ; Online: Exploring the perspectives and practices of humanitarian actors towards the Participation Revolution in humanitarian digital health responses: a qualitative study.

    Benson, Jennifer / Lakeberg, Meret / Brand, Tilman

    Globalization and health

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 36

    Abstract: Background: As crises escalate worldwide, there is an increasing demand for innovative solutions to enhance humanitarian outcomes. Within this landscape, digital health tools have emerged as promising solutions to tackle certain health challenges. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: As crises escalate worldwide, there is an increasing demand for innovative solutions to enhance humanitarian outcomes. Within this landscape, digital health tools have emerged as promising solutions to tackle certain health challenges. The integration of digital health tools within the international humanitarian system provides an opportunity to reflect upon the system's paternalistic tendencies, driven largely by Global North organisations, that perpetuate existing inequities in the Global South, where the majority of crises occur. The Participation Revolution, a fundamental pillar of the Localisation Agenda, seeks to address these inequities by advocating for greater participation from crisis-affected people in response efforts. Despite being widely accepted as a best practice; a gap remains between the rhetoric and practice of participation in humanitarian response efforts. This study explores the extent and nature of participatory action within contemporary humanitarian digital health projects, highlighting participatory barriers and tensions and offering potential solutions to bridge the participation gap to enhance transformative change in humanitarian response efforts.
    Methods: Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted with humanitarian health practitioners and experts to retrospectively explored participatory practices within their digital health projects. The interviews were structured and analysed according to the Localisation Performance Measurement Framework's participation indicators and thematically, following the Framework Method. The study was guided by the COREQ checklist for quality reporting.
    Results: Varied participatory formats, including focus groups and interviews, demonstrated modest progress towards participation indicators. However, the extent of influence and power held by crisis-affected people during participation remained limited in terms of breadth and depth. Participatory barriers emerged under four key themes: project processes, health evidence, technology infrastructure and the crisis context. Lessons for leveraging participatory digital health humanitarian interventions were conducting thorough pre-project assessments and maintaining engagement with crisis-affected populations throughout and after humanitarian action.
    Conclusion: The emerging barriers were instrumental in shaping the limited participatory reality and have implications: Failing to engage crisis-affected people risks perpetuating inequalities and causing harm. To advance the Participation Revolution for humanitarian digital health response efforts, the major participatory barriers should be addressed to improve humanitarian efficiency and digital health efficacy and uphold the rights of crisis-affected people.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Altruism ; Relief Work ; Retrospective Studies ; Digital Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2185774-X
    ISSN 1744-8603 ; 1744-8603
    ISSN (online) 1744-8603
    ISSN 1744-8603
    DOI 10.1186/s12992-024-01042-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Temperature-driven micro-fracturing in granite: The interplay between microstructure, mineralogy and tensile strength.

    Alcock, T / Bullen, D / Benson, P M / Vinciguerra, S

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e13871

    Abstract: High temperatures exert a significant influence on the mechanical and fluid flow properties of rocks and minerals. In crystalline rocks, differential thermal expansion of minerals is known to induce microfracture damage leading to changes in bulk volume ... ...

    Abstract High temperatures exert a significant influence on the mechanical and fluid flow properties of rocks and minerals. In crystalline rocks, differential thermal expansion of minerals is known to induce microfracture damage leading to changes in bulk volume and tensile strength. Here we report new data from thermally treated core samples of Devon Granite in order to constrain the interplay between tensile strength and thermally-induced damage with respect to the background mineralogy. A series of core samples was cyclically heated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 800 °C, with P-wave velocity and porosity measured after each cycle. Tensile strength decreased significantly from 9 MPa to less than 3 MPa as thermal treatment increased from 25 to 800 °C. The mechanical data were then compared to fracture density values obtained by optical maps of microfracture damage to assess the quantity and degree of linkage of intergranular and intragranular fractures using the FraqPaQ toolbox. The fracture density increased from 0.02
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Enhancement in the Round Window Niche: A Potential Pitfall in High-Resolution MR Imaging of the Internal Auditory Canal.

    Brinjikji, T / Carr, C M / Benson, J C / Lane, J I

    AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 176–179

    Abstract: Background and purpose: There is limited discussion in current literature about the normal imaging appearance of the round window. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and imaging characteristics of gadolinium enhancement in the round ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: There is limited discussion in current literature about the normal imaging appearance of the round window. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and imaging characteristics of gadolinium enhancement in the round window niche on MR imaging to the internal auditory canal.
    Materials and methods: The presence or absence and laterality of enhancement in the round window niche on MR imaging was retrospectively reviewed in 95 patients from 1 institution. All studies included high-resolution (≤0.5-mm section thickness) pre- and postgadolinium 3D FSE T1 with fat-saturation and postgadolinium 3D FLAIR image sequences. T1 and T2 acquisitions were viewed as coregistered overlays to confirm that enhancement was lateral to the round window membrane within the round window niche. CT was reviewed when available to assess the presence and laterality of soft tissue in the round window niche.
    Results: Ninety-five patients with internal auditory canal MRIs were included. Enhancement was present in the round window of 15 of 95 patients (15.8%). Of the 27 patients who underwent CT, 4 (14.8%) had concordant soft tissue on CT and MR imaging enhancement in the round window niche. One patient had MR imaging enhancement within the round window niche without a corresponding abnormality on CT. The absence of soft tissue on CT and the corresponding lack of MR imaging enhancement were present in 22 (81.5%) patients.
    Conclusions: Enhancement can be visualized within the round window niche on MR imaging as an incidental finding. This enhancement probably represents postinflammatory granulation tissue and does not require further intervention. However, the potential for this enhancement to be misdiagnosed as a pathologic process can be a pitfall in MR imaging.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Contrast Media ; Gadolinium ; Ear, Inner/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603808-6
    ISSN 1936-959X ; 0195-6108
    ISSN (online) 1936-959X
    ISSN 0195-6108
    DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A7775
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: 'A sense of self, empowerment and purposefulness': professional diversification and wellbeing in Australian general practitioners.

    Benson, Jill / Prentice, Shaun / Need, Penny / Pitot, Michelle / Elliott, Taryn

    Australian journal of primary health

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) NULL

    Abstract: Background: Burnout and workforce shortages comprise a vicious cycle in medicine, particularly for Australian general practitioners (GPs). Professional diversification, whereby individuals work multiple roles across their week, may help address this ... ...

    Abstract Background: Burnout and workforce shortages comprise a vicious cycle in medicine, particularly for Australian general practitioners (GPs). Professional diversification, whereby individuals work multiple roles across their week, may help address this problem, but this strategy is under-studied.
    Methods: We surveyed 1157 Australian GPs using qualitative and quantitative questions examining professional diversification, values, autonomy, and wellbeing. Quantitative data were analysed using inferential statistics, whilst qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. We triangulated the data by using the qualitative findings to inform further quantitative testing.
    Results: Approximately 40% of the sample had diversified. Although diversifying was not significantly associated with wellbeing, the qualitative data indicated that diversification supported GPs' wellbeing by enhancing career sustainability, accomplished through various pathways (e.g. value fulfilment, autonomy, variety). Subsequent quantitative analyses provided evidence that these pathways mediated the relationship between diversification and wellbeing. To diversify, GPs needed particular personal qualities, external supports, flexibility, and serendipity. Barriers to diversifying mirrored these factors, spanning individual (e.g. skillset) and situational levels (e.g. autonomy, location).
    Conclusions: Diversification can support GPs' wellbeing if it meets their needs. Organisations should focus on publicising opportunities and accommodating requests to diversify.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; General Practitioners ; Australia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Workforce ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2566332-X
    ISSN 1836-7399 ; 1448-7527
    ISSN (online) 1836-7399
    ISSN 1448-7527
    DOI 10.1071/PY23090
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Localisation of digital health tools used by displaced populations in low and middle-income settings: a scoping review and critical analysis of the Participation Revolution.

    Benson, Jennifer / Brand, Tilman / Christianson, Lara / Lakeberg, Meret

    Conflict and health

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Background: Forced displacement is a crucial determinant of poor health. With 31 people displaced every minute worldwide, this is an important global issue. Addressing this, the Participation Revolution workstream from the World Humanitarian Summit's ... ...

    Abstract Background: Forced displacement is a crucial determinant of poor health. With 31 people displaced every minute worldwide, this is an important global issue. Addressing this, the Participation Revolution workstream from the World Humanitarian Summit's Localisation commitments has gained traction in attempting to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian aid. Simultaneously, digital health initiatives have become increasingly ubiquitous tools in crises to deliver humanitarian assistance and address health burdens.
    Objective: This scoping review explores how the localisation agenda's commitment to participation has been adopted within digital health interventions used by displaced people in low-and-middle-income countries.
    Methods: This review adopted the Arksey and O'Malley approach and searched five academic databases and three online literature repositories with a Population, Concept and Context inclusion criteria. Data were synthesised and analysed through a critical power lens from the perspective of displaced people in low-and-middle-income-countries.
    Results: 27 papers demonstrated that a heterogeneous group of health issues were addressed through various digital health initiatives, principally through the use of mobile phones. The focus of the literature lay largely within technical connectivity and feasibility assessments, leaving a gap in understanding potential health implications. The varied conceptualisation of the localisation phenomenon has implications for the future of participatory humanitarian action: Authorship of reviewed literature primarily descended from high-income countries exposing global power dynamics leading the narrative. However, power was not a central theme in the literature: Whilst authors acknowledged the benefit of local involvement, participatory activities were largely limited to informing content adaptations and functional modifications within pre-determined projects and objectives.
    Conclusion: With over 100 million people displaced globally, effective initiatives that meaningfully address health needs without perpetuating harmful inequalities are an essential contribution to the humanitarian arena. The gap in health outcomes evidence, the limited constructions of health, and the varying and nuanced digital divide factors are all indicators of unequal power in the digital health sphere. More needs to be done to address these gaps meaningfully, and more meaningful participation could be a crucial undertaking to achieve this. Registration The study protocol was registered before the study (10.17605/OSF.IO/9D25R) at https://osf.io/9d25r .
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2273783-2
    ISSN 1752-1505
    ISSN 1752-1505
    DOI 10.1186/s13031-023-00518-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Performance of American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Care Pathway for the risk stratification of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population.

    Udompap, Prowpanga / Therneau, Terry M / Canning, Rachel E / Benson, Joanne T / Allen, Alina M

    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

    2023  Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 931–941

    Abstract: Background and aims: The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) recently launched the Clinical Care Pathway for the Risk Stratification and Management of Patients with NAFLD to identify adults with significant fibrosis. We aimed to examine this ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) recently launched the Clinical Care Pathway for the Risk Stratification and Management of Patients with NAFLD to identify adults with significant fibrosis. We aimed to examine this pathway's performance in the US population.
    Approach and results: Using the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we identified participants aged ≥18 with available Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the absence of other liver diseases. Based on the AGA clinical pathway, FIB-4 < 1.3 and LSM < 8 kilopascals (kPa) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) are associated with low risk of significant fibrosis. Using these cutoffs, we examined the pathway performance using negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) and explored alternative risk-stratification strategies. There were 2322 participants with available data (projected to 94.2 million US adults). The NPV of LSM ≥ 8 kPa among those with FIB-4 < 1.3 was 90%, whereas the PPV among those with FIB-4 1.3-2.67 was 13%. As diabetes was a strong predictor of fibrosis, we propose a simple, alternative strategy to eliminate the indeterminate FIB-4 range and perform VCTE in those with FIB-4 ≥ 1.3 and diabetes. This strategy would decrease the number of VCTEs from 14.5 to 4.9 million and increase PPV from 13% to 33% without compromising the NPV among those who did not undergo VCTE.
    Conclusion: The implementation of the current AGA clinical pathway would lead to overutilization of VCTE. An alternative strategy using FIB-4 ≥ 1.3 and diabetes to select adults undergoing second-line testing will improve this pathway's performance and minimize unnecessary VCTEs.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Critical Pathways ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prospective Studies ; Biopsy ; Severity of Illness Index ; Fibrosis ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Risk Assessment ; Liver/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 604603-4
    ISSN 1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
    ISSN (online) 1527-3350
    ISSN 0270-9139
    DOI 10.1002/hep.32739
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Social, intellectual, psychological, and attractiveness judgements of lay people about patients before and after combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment.

    Conville, Robert M / Benson, Philip E / Flett, Andrew M C

    European journal of orthodontics

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 2

    Abstract: ... t-test was used to compare the total scores from pre- and post-treatment images.: Results: There ...

    Abstract Background: Facial appearance plays a significant role in the success of social interactions. There is a limited amount of evidence investigating the influence of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment on the social judgments of lay people.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in facial appearance following orthognathic surgery alter the social judgements made by lay people.
    Ethical approval: Ethical approval was granted from the University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry Research Ethics Committee on 17th August 2020 (Reference: 033775).
    Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey involved clinical photographs of six Caucasian female patients pre- and post-combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Three patients had a pre-treatment class 2 skeletal pattern, and three patients had a pre-treatment class 3 skeletal pattern. Staff and students at the University of Sheffield, UK were invited to evaluate five personality traits: (i) friendliness, (ii) intelligence, (iii) attractiveness, (iv) self-confidence, and (5) trustworthiness using a 5-point Likert scale. The trait scores were summed to obtain a total social judgement score, and a paired t-test was used to compare the total scores from pre- and post-treatment images.
    Results: There were 261 responses to the survey of which 181 (75%) were completed fully. The total social judgement scores from after treatment images were higher compared with the pre-treatment images (mean diff 1.6; P < .001) indicating more positive social judgements. The improvements in perceived social judgments were more notable for class 3 patients (mean diff 2.7) compared to class 2 patients (mean diff 0.7).
    Conclusion: Social judgement scores were higher (more positive) from post-treatment images of patient faces than their pre-treatment images. The findings highlight the possible indirect benefits combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment may have on an individual in a social setting.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Judgment ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures ; Dental Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 423731-6
    ISSN 1460-2210 ; 0141-5387
    ISSN (online) 1460-2210
    ISSN 0141-5387
    DOI 10.1093/ejo/cjae004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Compositional Deep Probabilistic Models of DNA-Encoded Libraries.

    Chen, Benson / Sultan, Mohammad M / Karaletsos, Theofanis

    Journal of chemical information and modeling

    2024  Volume 64, Issue 4, Page(s) 1123–1133

    Abstract: DNA-encoded library (DEL) has proven to be a powerful tool that utilizes combinatorially constructed small molecules to facilitate highly efficient screening experiments. These selection experiments, involving multiple stages of washing, elution, and ... ...

    Abstract DNA-encoded library (DEL) has proven to be a powerful tool that utilizes combinatorially constructed small molecules to facilitate highly efficient screening experiments. These selection experiments, involving multiple stages of washing, elution, and identification of potent binders via unique DNA barcodes, often generate complex data. This complexity can potentially mask the underlying signals, necessitating the application of computational tools, such as machine learning, to uncover valuable insights. We introduce a compositional deep probabilistic model of DEL data,
    MeSH term(s) Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry ; DNA/chemistry ; Models, Statistical ; Gene Library
    Chemical Substances Small Molecule Libraries ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 190019-5
    ISSN 1549-960X ; 0095-2338
    ISSN (online) 1549-960X
    ISSN 0095-2338
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01699
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Temperature-driven micro-fracturing in granite

    T. Alcock / D. Bullen / P.M. Benson / S. Vinciguerra

    Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp e13871- (2023)

    The interplay between microstructure, mineralogy and tensile strength

    2023  

    Abstract: High temperatures exert a significant influence on the mechanical and fluid flow properties of rocks and minerals. In crystalline rocks, differential thermal expansion of minerals is known to induce microfracture damage leading to changes in bulk volume ... ...

    Abstract High temperatures exert a significant influence on the mechanical and fluid flow properties of rocks and minerals. In crystalline rocks, differential thermal expansion of minerals is known to induce microfracture damage leading to changes in bulk volume and tensile strength. Here we report new data from thermally treated core samples of Devon Granite in order to constrain the interplay between tensile strength and thermally-induced damage with respect to the background mineralogy. A series of core samples was cyclically heated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 800 °C, with P-wave velocity and porosity measured after each cycle. Tensile strength decreased significantly from 9 MPa to less than 3 MPa as thermal treatment increased from 25 to 800 °C. The mechanical data were then compared to fracture density values obtained by optical maps of microfracture damage to assess the quantity and degree of linkage of intergranular and intragranular fractures using the FraqPaQ toolbox. The fracture density increased from 0.02 mm−2 to 2.0 mm−2 which is consistent with results obtained from direct physical parameters as calculated from elastic wave data. We conclude that the combined effects of thermal expansion and the α−β phase transition within quartz crystals has a pronounced effect on tensile strength.
    Keywords Devon Granite ; Thermal treatment ; Brazil tensile strength ; Fracture density ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 669
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of chronic dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure on testosterone secretion and steroidogenic pathway in the male gonad.

    Molina, Erica M / Kavazis, Andreas N / Mendonça, Mary T / Akingbemi, Benson T

    Biology of reproduction

    2023  Volume 109, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–72

    Abstract: ... Testicular testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were both affected by exposure ...

    Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemicals are present in the environment and/or in consumer products. These agents have the capacity to mimic and/or antagonize endogenous hormones and thus perturb the endocrine axis. The male reproductive tract expresses steroid hormone (androgen and estrogen) receptors at high levels and is a major target for endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this study, Long-Evans male rats were exposed to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and a chemical present in the environment, in drinking water at 0.1 and 10 μg/L for 4 weeks. At the end of exposure, we measured steroid hormone secretion and analyzed steroidogenic proteins, including 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, aromatase, and the LH receptor. We also analyzed Leydig cell apoptosis (poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase) and caspase-3 in the testes. Testicular testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were both affected by exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene by displaying altered steroidogenic enzyme expression. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure also increased the expression of enzymes mediating the pathway for programmed cell death, including caspase 3, pro-caspase 3, PARP, and cleaved PARP. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene directly and/or indirectly can target specific proteins involved in steroid hormone production in the male gonad and suggest that exposure to environmentally relevant dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene levels has implications for male reproductive development and function.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Animals ; Male ; Testis ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Steroids/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Steroids ; Receptors, Estrogen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1118-6
    ISSN 1529-7268 ; 0006-3363
    ISSN (online) 1529-7268
    ISSN 0006-3363
    DOI 10.1093/biolre/ioad045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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