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Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19's Morbidity and Mortality.

Comunian, Silvia / Dongo, Dario / Milani, Chiara / Palestini, Paola

International journal of environmental research and public health

2020 Volume 17, Issue 12

Abstract: Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of ... ...

Abstract	Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the Covid-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of Covid-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Cities ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Inflammation/etiology ; Italy/epidemiology ; Morbidity ; Oxidative Stress ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Particulate Matter ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph17124487
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Covid-19

Silvia Comunian / Dario Dongo / Chiara Milani / Paola Palestini

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4487, p

The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19's Morbidity and Mortality

2020 Volume 4487

Abstract	Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the Covid-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of Covid-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
Keywords	covid-19 ; particulate matter ; ACE2 ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19's Morbidity and Mortality

Comunian, Silvia / Dongo, Dario / Milani, Chiara / Palestini, Paola

Int. j. environ. res. public health (Online)

Abstract	Sars-cov-2 virus (Covid-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the Covid-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of Covid-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #610683
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: CoViD-19, learning from the past: A wavelet and cross-correlation analysis of the epidemic dynamics looking to emergency calls and Twitter trends in Italian Lombardy region.

Rivieccio, Bruno Alessandro / Micheletti, Alessandra / Maffeo, Manuel / Zignani, Matteo / Comunian, Alessandro / Nicolussi, Federica / Salini, Silvia / Manzi, Giancarlo / Auxilia, Francesco / Giudici, Mauro / Naldi, Giovanni / Gaito, Sabrina / Castaldi, Silvana / Biganzoli, Elia

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e0247854

Abstract: The first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy was detected on February the 20th in Lombardy region. Since that date, Lombardy has been the most affected Italian region by the epidemic, and its healthcare system underwent a severe overload during ... ...

Abstract	The first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy was detected on February the 20th in Lombardy region. Since that date, Lombardy has been the most affected Italian region by the epidemic, and its healthcare system underwent a severe overload during the outbreak. From a public health point of view, therefore, it is fundamental to provide healthcare services with tools that can reveal possible new health system stress periods with a certain time anticipation, which is the main aim of the present study. Moreover, the sequence of law decrees to face the epidemic and the large amount of news generated in the population feelings of anxiety and suspicion. Considering this whole complex context, it is easily understandable how people "overcrowded" social media with messages dealing with the pandemic, and emergency numbers were overwhelmed by the calls. Thus, in order to find potential predictors of possible new health system overloads, we analysed data both from Twitter and emergency services comparing them to the daily infected time series at a regional level. Particularly, we performed a wavelet analysis in the time-frequency plane, to finely discriminate over time the anticipation capability of the considered potential predictors. In addition, a cross-correlation analysis has been performed to find a synthetic indicator of the time delay between the predictor and the infected time series. Our results show that Twitter data are more related to social and political dynamics, while the emergency calls trends can be further evaluated as a powerful tool to potentially forecast new stress periods. Since we analysed aggregated regional data, and taking into account also the huge geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic spread, a future perspective would be to conduct the same analysis on a more local basis.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Emergency Medical Services ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Social Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0247854
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: CoViD-19, learning from the past

Bruno Alessandro Rivieccio / Alessandra Micheletti / Manuel Maffeo / Matteo Zignani / Alessandro Comunian / Federica Nicolussi / Silvia Salini / Giancarlo Manzi / Francesco Auxilia / Mauro Giudici / Giovanni Naldi / Sabrina Gaito / Silvana Castaldi / Elia Biganzoli

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

A wavelet and cross-correlation analysis of the epidemic dynamics looking to emergency calls and Twitter trends in Italian Lombardy region.

2021 Volume 0247854

Abstract	The first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy was detected on February the 20th in Lombardy region. Since that date, Lombardy has been the most affected Italian region by the epidemic, and its healthcare system underwent a severe overload during the outbreak. From a public health point of view, therefore, it is fundamental to provide healthcare services with tools that can reveal possible new health system stress periods with a certain time anticipation, which is the main aim of the present study. Moreover, the sequence of law decrees to face the epidemic and the large amount of news generated in the population feelings of anxiety and suspicion. Considering this whole complex context, it is easily understandable how people "overcrowded" social media with messages dealing with the pandemic, and emergency numbers were overwhelmed by the calls. Thus, in order to find potential predictors of possible new health system overloads, we analysed data both from Twitter and emergency services comparing them to the daily infected time series at a regional level. Particularly, we performed a wavelet analysis in the time-frequency plane, to finely discriminate over time the anticipation capability of the considered potential predictors. In addition, a cross-correlation analysis has been performed to find a synthetic indicator of the time delay between the predictor and the infected time series. Our results show that Twitter data are more related to social and political dynamics, while the emergency calls trends can be further evaluated as a powerful tool to potentially forecast new stress periods. Since we analysed aggregated regional data, and taking into account also the huge geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic spread, a future perspective would be to conduct the same analysis on a more local basis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effect of feed preparation on the properties and stability of ascorbic acid microparticles produced by spray chilling

de Matos-Jr, Fernando Eustáquio / Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade / Marcelo Thomazini / Talita Aline Comunian

Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [i.e. und] Technologie. 2017 Jan., v. 75

2017

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feed form, dispersion or emulsion, on the production of solid lipid microparticles (SLM) loaded with ascorbic acid (AA) using interesterified fat as a carrier. The particles obtained were ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feed form, dispersion or emulsion, on the production of solid lipid microparticles (SLM) loaded with ascorbic acid (AA) using interesterified fat as a carrier. The particles obtained were characterized according to the particle size distribution and morphology using SEM, thermal behavior using DSC and encapsulation efficiency. The stabilities of the free and encapsulated AA were evaluated over a period of 60 days. Spherical microparticles were obtained with diameters between 34 and 92 μm. The encapsulation efficiency varied according to the type of feed used and ranged from 59 to 73%. The stability of the AA after 60 days of storage exceeded 70%, even upon storage at 37 °C. Microencapsulation by spray chilling was effective in maintaining the stability of AA. Microparticles produced from the dispersion promoted more protection of AA in the three storage temperature conditions. The particles produced could also allow controlled liberation of AA and masking of its acidic taste, which is not always desirable.
Keywords	ascorbic acid ; cold treatment ; emulsions ; lipids ; microencapsulation ; particle size distribution ; scanning electron microscopy ; storage temperature ; storage time ; taste ; thermal properties
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-01
Size	p. 251-260.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	241369-3
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
DOI	10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: CoViD-19, learning from the past: A wavelet and cross-correlation analysis of the epidemic dynamics looking to emergency calls and Twitter trends in Italian Lombardy region

medRxiv

Abstract	The first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy was detected on February the 20th in Lombardy region. Since that date, Lombardy has been the most affected Italian region by the epidemic, and its healthcare system underwent a severe crisis during the outbreak. From a public health point of view, therefore, it is fundamental to provide healthcare services with tools that can reveal a possible new epidemic burden with a certain time anticipation, which is the main aim of the present study. Moreover, the sequence of law decrees to face the epidemic and the large amount of news generated in the population feelings of anxiety and suspicion. Considering this whole complex context, it is easily understandable how people overcrowded social media with messages dealing with the pandemic, and emergency numbers were overwhelmed by the calls. Thus, in order to find potential predictors of a possible second epidemic wave, we analyzed data both from Twitter and from emergency services comparing them to the daily infected time series at a regional level. Since our principal goal is to forecast a possible new ascending phase of the epidemic, we performed a wavelet analysis in the time-frequency plane, to finely discriminate over time the anticipation capability of the considered potential predictors. In addition, a cross-correlation analysis has been performed to find a synthetic indicator of the time delay between the predictor and the infected time series. Our results show that Twitter data are more related to social and political dynamics, while the emergency calls trends can be further evaluated as a powerful tool to potentially forecast a new burden. Since we analyzed aggregated regional data, and taking into account also the huge geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic spread, a future perspective would be to conduct the same analysis on a more local basis.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-16
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.10.14.20212415
Database	COVID19

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Article: Production of spray-dried proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract as a potential functional ingredient: Improvement of stability, sensory aspects and technological properties

Ostroschi, Livia Cristina / Brito de Souza, Volnei / Echalar-Barrientos, Mariana Alejandra / Tulini, Fabrício Luiz / Comunian, Talita Aline / Thomazini, Marcelo / Baliero, Julio C.C. / Roudaut, Gaëlle / Genovese, Maria Inés / Favaro-Trindade, Carmen Silvia

Food hydrocolloids

2018 Volume 79, Issue -, Page(s) 343–351

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742742-6
ISSN	0268-005X
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Production of spray-dried proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract as a potential functional ingredient: Improvement of stability, sensory aspects and technological properties

Ostroschi, Livia Cristina / Volnei Brito de Souza / Mariana Alejandra Echalar-Barrientos / Fabrício Luiz Tulini / Talita Aline Comunian / Marcelo Thomazini / Julio C.C. Baliero / Gaëlle Roudaut / Maria Inés Genovese / Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade

Food hydrocolloids. 2018 June, v. 79

2018

Abstract: Cinnamon proanthocyanidins present important biological properties. However, these molecules are unstable and possess an astringent taste, which can make their ingestion difficult. In this context, entrapment by spray-drying technology may be used to ... ...

Abstract	Cinnamon proanthocyanidins present important biological properties. However, these molecules are unstable and possess an astringent taste, which can make their ingestion difficult. In this context, entrapment by spray-drying technology may be used to produce a concentrated extract with improved stability and reduced astringency. Thus, this work aimed to prepare spray-dried microparticles loaded with a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract (PRCE), immobilized in a maltodextrin matrix. Freeze-dried samples of the extract (without the carrier) were also prepared for comparison. The particles were characterized for moisture content, water activity, retention of proanthocyanidins, hygroscopicity, solubility, morphology, stability, glass transition temperature, and with regard to the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the powders were sensorially analyzed to verify the efficiency of the atomization process on masking the bitterness and astringent sensation of the extract. The moisture values of the powders decreased as the drying air temperature increased. Moreover, maltodextrin reduced the hygroscopicity of the powders, enhanced their water solubility and morphology, and increased the stability of the proanthocyanidins in the powders. The freeze-dried cinnamon extract inhibited all indicator strains and showed that the antimicrobial activity was associated with the proanthocyanidin content. Conversely, atomization using maltodextrin as carrier was able to mask the bitter taste and astringency of the material, and allowed the production of more stable powders. Therefore, the use of maltodextrin presented beneficial aspects, from both technological and sensorial perspectives for the production of spray-dried powders loaded with a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract, which could act as a functional ingredient.
Keywords	Cinnamomum verum ; air temperature ; antimicrobial properties ; antioxidant activity ; astringency ; atomization ; bitterness ; cinnamon ; freeze drying ; glass transition temperature ; hydrocolloids ; hygroscopicity ; ingestion ; maltodextrins ; microparticles ; powders ; proanthocyanidins ; spray drying ; taste ; water activity ; water content ; water solubility
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 343-351.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742742-6
ISSN	1873-7137 ; 0268-005X
ISSN (online)	1873-7137
ISSN	0268-005X
DOI	10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Detection of Helicobacter species in the gastrointestinal tract of wild rodents from Brazil.

Comunian, Luíza B / Moura, Sílvia B / Paglia, Adriano P / Nicoli, Jacques R / Guerra, Juliana B / Rocha, Gifone A / Queiroz, Dulciene M M

Current microbiology

2006 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 370–373

Abstract: Since we have limited knowledge about the occurrence of Helicobacter in wild animals, we searched for Helicobacter species in the gastrointestinal tract of 75 rodents captured in forest remnants of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fragments from the antrum and ... ...

Abstract	Since we have limited knowledge about the occurrence of Helicobacter in wild animals, we searched for Helicobacter species in the gastrointestinal tract of 75 rodents captured in forest remnants of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fragments from the antrum and corpus of the stomach and from the colon were taken for PCR assays for Helicobacter detection. Although gastric mucosa was Helicobacter-positive in only one animal, the bacterium was detected in the colonic mucosa of 23 rodents (30.7%). Helicobacter detection was more frequent in the colon of terraced rice rat (56%) and house rat (30%) in contrast to punare and Spix's yellow-toothed cavy, in which the presence of the bacterium was not detected. Helicobacter rodentium, H. marmotae, H. cinaedi, and other species closely related to the murine helicobacters were presumptively identified by DNA sequencing. Wild rodents may serve as a reservoir of these Helicobacter species in nature.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Helicobacter/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodentia/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	134238-1
ISSN	1432-0991 ; 0343-8651
ISSN (online)	1432-0991
ISSN	0343-8651
DOI	10.1007/s00284-005-0426-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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