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  1. Article ; Online: Modeling on the Effects of Deliberate Release of Aerosolized Inhalational

    Costantino, Valentina / Bahl, Prateek / Doolan, Con / de Silva, Charitha / Heslop, David / Chen, Xin / Lim, Samsung / MacIntyre, Chandini Raina

    Health security

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–69

    Abstract: This study aimed to determine optimal mitigation strategies in the event of an aerosolized attack ... ...

    Abstract This study aimed to determine optimal mitigation strategies in the event of an aerosolized attack with
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bacillus anthracis ; Anthrax/prevention & control ; Australia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bioterrorism/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2022.0100
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: An experimental framework to capture the flow dynamics of droplets expelled by a sneeze.

    Bahl, Prateek / de Silva, Charitha M / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / MacIntyre, C Raina / Doolan, Con

    Experiments in fluids

    2020  Volume 61, Issue 8, Page(s) 176

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1476361-8
    ISSN 1432-1114 ; 0723-4864
    ISSN (online) 1432-1114
    ISSN 0723-4864
    DOI 10.1007/s00348-020-03008-3
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  3. Article ; Online: A blueprint for well-designed, high-performing cloth masks that can outperform a 3-layered surgical mask

    Shovon Bhattacharjee / Prateek Bahl / Charitha de Silva / Con Doolan / Abrar Ahmad Chughtai / David Heslop / Raina MacIntyre

    Safety and Health at Work, Vol 13, Iss , Pp S164- (2022)

    2022  

    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Bahl, Prateek / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / MacIntyre, C Raina

    BMJ open respiratory research

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 1

    Abstract: Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a ... ...

    Abstract Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300-350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/instrumentation ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Decontamination/methods ; Decontamination/standards ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Masks/standards ; Masks/supply & distribution ; Medical Waste Disposal/methods ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Medical Waste Disposal
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2736454-9
    ISSN 2052-4439 ; 2052-4439
    ISSN (online) 2052-4439
    ISSN 2052-4439
    DOI 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The ability of face masks to reduce transmission of microbes.

    Kalaiselvan, Parthasarathi / Tummanapalli, Shyam Sunder / Kumar Vijay, Ajay / Bahl, Prateek / MacIntyre, Chandini Raina / Willcox, Mark D P

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2021  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 214–221

    Abstract: Clinical relevance: Optometrists have been advised to wear face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined whether face masks were equally protective against transmission of microbes.: Background: The aim of the current study was to ... ...

    Abstract Clinical relevance: Optometrists have been advised to wear face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined whether face masks were equally protective against transmission of microbes.
    Background: The aim of the current study was to examine the ability of face masks to reduce transmission of microbes in aerosols and during speech.
    Methods: Different face masks, surgical, medical 3-ply and cloth masks with different layers were used. The masks were tested under the ASTM standard F2101-1 to measure their ability to reduce the transmission of aerosolised
    Results: All masks reduced the transmission of aerosolised
    Conclusions: Face masks effectively reduce the transmission of microbes in laboratory tests. Face masks made with seven layers were very effective at stopping transmission of
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1080/08164622.2021.1971050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Flow dynamics of droplets expelled during sneezing.

    Bahl, Prateek / de Silva, Charitha / MacIntyre, C Raina / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Doolan, Con

    Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 11, Page(s) 111901

    Abstract: Respiratory infections transmit through droplets and aerosols generated by the infected individual during respiratory emissions. It is essential to study the flow dynamics of these emissions to develop strategies for mitigating the risk of infection. In ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory infections transmit through droplets and aerosols generated by the infected individual during respiratory emissions. It is essential to study the flow dynamics of these emissions to develop strategies for mitigating the risk of infection. In particular, the dynamics of droplets expelled during violent exhalations such as sneezing is crucial, but has received little attention to date. Here, for the first time, we present the results of droplet dynamics of 35 sneezes, obtained from four volunteers, using particle tracking velocimetry experiments. Our results reveal a mean droplet velocity of 2-5.4 m/s across the different subjects. These values are significantly lower than what is usually assumed in the studies simulating or replicating sneezes. Furthermore, the large variation in droplet speeds, flow direction, spread angle, and head movement is also quantified. These findings will enable the refinement of models and simulations of sneezes toward improving infection control guidelines.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472743-2
    ISSN 1089-7666 ; 1070-6631
    ISSN (online) 1089-7666
    ISSN 1070-6631
    DOI 10.1063/5.0067609
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Face coverings and mask to minimise droplet dispersion and aerosolisation: a video case study.

    Bahl, Prateek / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / de Silva, Charitha / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Doolan, Con / MacIntyre, C Raina

    Thorax

    2020  Volume 75, Issue 11, Page(s) 1024–1025

    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Cough ; Humans ; Infection Control/instrumentation ; Masks ; Protective Devices ; Sneezing ; Textiles
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 204353-1
    ISSN 1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
    ISSN (online) 1468-3296
    ISSN 0040-6376
    DOI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215748
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui III Zs.83: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Experimental Evidence for the Optimal Design of a High-Performing Cloth Mask.

    Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Bahl, Prateek / de Silva, Charitha / Doolan, Con / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / Heslop, David / MacIntyre, Chandini Raina

    ACS biomaterials science & engineering

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 2791–2802

    Abstract: Cloth masks can be an alternative to medical masks during pandemics. Recent studies have examined the performance of fabrics under various conditions; however, the performance against violent respiratory events such as human sneezes is yet to be explored. ...

    Abstract Cloth masks can be an alternative to medical masks during pandemics. Recent studies have examined the performance of fabrics under various conditions; however, the performance against violent respiratory events such as human sneezes is yet to be explored. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive experimental study using sneezes by a healthy adult and a tailored image-based flow measurement diagnostic system evaluating all dimensions of protection of commonly available fabrics and their layered combinations: the respiratory droplet blocking efficiency, water resistance, and breathing resistance. Our results reveal that a well-designed cloth mask can outperform a three-layered surgical mask for such violent respiratory events. Specifically, increasing the number of layers significantly increases the droplet blocking efficiency, on average by ∼20 times per additional fabric layer. A minimum of three layers is necessary to resemble the droplet blocking performance of surgical masks, and a combination of cotton/linen (hydrophilic inner layer)-blends (middle layer)-polyester/nylon (hydrophobic outer layer) exhibited the best performance among overall indicators tested. In an optimum three-layered design, the average thread count should be greater than 200, and the porosity should be less than 2%. Furthermore, machine washing at 60 °C did not significantly impact the performance of cloth masks. These findings inform the design of high-performing homemade cloth masks.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Textiles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2373-9878
    ISSN (online) 2373-9878
    DOI 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00368
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Last-resort strategies during mask shortages

    Abrar Ahmad Chughtai / Prateek Bahl / Shovon Bhattacharjee / C Raina MacIntyre

    BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 7, Iss

    optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a ... ...

    Abstract Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Droplets and Aerosols Generated by Singing and the Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Choirs.

    Bahl, Prateek / de Silva, Charitha / Bhattacharjee, Shovon / Stone, Haley / Doolan, Con / Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad / MacIntyre, C Raina

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2020  Volume 72, Issue 10, Page(s) e639–e641

    Abstract: Choral singing has become a major risk during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to high infection rates. Our visualization and velocimetry results reveal that the majority of droplets expelled during singing follow the ambient airflow ... ...

    Abstract Choral singing has become a major risk during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to high infection rates. Our visualization and velocimetry results reveal that the majority of droplets expelled during singing follow the ambient airflow pattern. These results point toward the possibility of COVID-19 spread by small airborne droplets during singing.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singing
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1241
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