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  1. Article ; Online: Implication of nucleotides near the 3' end of 16S rRNA in guarding the translational reading frame.

    Smart, Alexandria / Lancaster, Laura / Donohue, John Paul / Niblett, Dustin / Noller, Harry F

    Nucleic acids research

    2024  

    Abstract: Loss of the translational reading frame leads to misincorporation and premature termination, which can have lethal consequences. Based on structural evidence that A1503 of 16S rRNA intercalates between specific mRNA bases, we tested the possibility that ... ...

    Abstract Loss of the translational reading frame leads to misincorporation and premature termination, which can have lethal consequences. Based on structural evidence that A1503 of 16S rRNA intercalates between specific mRNA bases, we tested the possibility that it plays a role in maintenance of the reading frame by constructing ribosomes with an abasic nucleotide at position 1503. This was done by specific cleavage of 16S rRNA at position 1493 using the colicin E3 endonuclease and replacing the resulting 3'-terminal 49mer fragment with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing the abasic site using a novel splinted RNA ligation method. Ribosomes reconstituted from the abasic 1503 16S rRNA were highly active in protein synthesis but showed elevated levels of spontaneous frameshifting into the -1 reading frame. We then asked whether the residual frameshifting persisting in control ribosomes containing an intact A1503 is due to the absence of the N6-dimethyladenosine modifications at positions 1518 and 1519. Indeed, this frameshifting was rescued by site-specific methylation in vitro by the ksgA methylase. These findings thus implicate two different sites near the 3' end of 16S rRNA in maintenance of the translational reading frame, providing yet another example of a functional role for ribosomal RNA in protein synthesis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gkae143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes for young people with physical and developmental disabilities: an umbrella review and narrative synthesis.

    King, Gillian / Smart, Eric / Bowman, Laura / Pinto, Madhu

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 13, Page(s) 2073–2086

    Abstract: Purpose: To synthesize knowledge about social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes for young people with physical and developmental disabilities.: Method: An umbrella review with a narrative synthesis was conducted to integrate ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To synthesize knowledge about social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes for young people with physical and developmental disabilities.
    Method: An umbrella review with a narrative synthesis was conducted to integrate findings of review articles examining social participation interventions targeting relational outcomes (e.g., peer interaction and friendships). Six databases were searched to identify reviews published between 2010 and 2021.
    Results: Five reviews were identified, examining participation interventions, social/community integration interventions, recreational sport programs, online peer mentorship programs, and augmentative and alternative communication interventions to promote social interaction with peers. Interventions associated with improvements in relational outcomes included group-based programs, programs involving personalized goals, arts-based programs, and multi-component social communication interventions. Recommendations for future research included better description of interventions to identify active ingredients and key mechanisms, measurement of participants' experiences, and the need for interventions to be aligned with the nature of the outcomes examined. Preliminary intervention principles are proposed to guide the design of social participation interventions: individualizing, contextualizing, and immersion in social settings.
    Conclusions: There are multiple pathways by which to influence the relational outcomes of young people with disabilities. There are implications for the design of social participation interventions based on an ecological/experiential and relational perspective. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONImprovements in relational outcomes are associated with participation in group-based programs, programs involving personalized goals, arts-based programs, and multi-component social communication interventions.Three evidence-informed principles can help guide the design of social participation interventions: (1) personalizing, (2) contextualizing, and (3) immersion in social settings.Greater attention to aligning the nature of intervention with desired outcomes is needed to more effectively measure and promote relational outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Developmental Disabilities ; Disabled Persons ; Mentors ; Peer Group ; Social Participation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2022.2085332
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Facilitating virtual social connections for youth with disabilities: lessons for post-COVID-19 programming.

    Bowman, Laura R / Smart, Eric / Oh, Anna / Xu, Ying / Curran, C J / Menna-Dack, Dolly / Hammond, Jean / Thorne, Melissa

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2024  , Page(s) 1–10

    Abstract: Purpose: Social connections are essential for the development of life skills for youth. Youth with disabilities have long faced barriers to meaningful social connections. The onset of COVID-19 increased barriers to social connections for all youth, and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Social connections are essential for the development of life skills for youth. Youth with disabilities have long faced barriers to meaningful social connections. The onset of COVID-19 increased barriers to social connections for all youth, and also led to enhanced use of virtual platforms in paediatric rehabilitation programming. Harnessing this opportunity, service providers created a suite of online programs to foster social connections and friendships. The current study explores participant and service provider experiences of such programs.
    Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used interviews and focus groups to explore how youth with disabilities (
    Results: Participants were satisfied with the programs' content, accessibility and ability to meet their social needs. Qualitative themes included facilitating social connections, accessibility of virtual spaces, and recommendations for future virtual programming.
    Discussion: For youth with disabilities who have been historically marginalized in social spheres, the newly ubiquitous infrastructure regarding virtual programming must be supported and enhanced. A hybrid approach involving virtual/in-person options in future programming is recommended.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2023.2301484
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Type 1 diabetes, periodontal health, and a familial history of hyperlipidaemia is associated with oral microbiota in children: a cross-sectional study.

    Selway, Caitlin A / Jensen, Emilija D / Pena, Alexia S / Smart, Gabrielle / Weyrich, Laura S

    BMC oral health

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Background: Hyperlipidaemia may play a significant role in the interrelationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and periodontal disease. A potential mechanism that links these three aspects together is the oral microbiota. We wanted to determine if there ...

    Abstract Background: Hyperlipidaemia may play a significant role in the interrelationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and periodontal disease. A potential mechanism that links these three aspects together is the oral microbiota. We wanted to determine if there is an association between hyperlipidaemia, periodontal disease, and the oral microbiota of children with T1D, as this has not yet been explored.
    Methods: In a post-hoc, cross-sectional study using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we explored links between oral bacterial diversity and composition of gingival swab samples from 72 children with T1D to periodontal risk factors and hyperlipidaemia status of first-degree relatives. While multiple periodontal risk factors were assessed, we used periodontal pocket depth of 3 mm to characterise periodontal risk. As periodontal pocket depth confounded the analysis of familial history of hyperlipidaemia, a multivariate analyses were performed (i.e., no periodontal risk markers in children with or without a family history of hyperlipidaemia were compared to counterparts who did not have periodontal risk markers) to examine linkages between these factors and diversity and composition of the microbiome.
    Results: In participants with no periodontitis risk, children with a family history of dyslipidemia had different bacterial diversity and composition compared to those without a familar hisitory. In contrast, such differences did not exist in the children with periodontal risk, whether or not they had a family history of hyperlipidaemia. Co-occurrence networks showed that these differences in children with no periodontists risk were linked to the presence of fewer oral microbial networks, but more microbes linked to mature plaque structures. In contrast, children with periodontal risk markers, regardless of family history of hyperlipidaemia, contained co-occurrence networks that were associated with microbes linked to periodontal disease.
    Conclusions: In children diagnosed with T1D, our findings support an association between oral microbiota and two different exposure variables: familial history of hyperlipidaemia and periodontal risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Periodontal Pocket ; Hyperlipidemias/complications ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacteria ; Periodontal Diseases/complications ; Microbiota/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2091511-1
    ISSN 1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
    ISSN (online) 1472-6831
    ISSN 1472-6831
    DOI 10.1186/s12903-022-02625-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Organizational Strategies and Inclusive Language to Build Culturally Responsive Health Care Environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer People.

    Goldhammer, Hilary / Smart, Alicia C / Kissock, Laura A / Keuroghlian, Alex S

    Journal of health care for the poor and underserved

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–29

    Abstract: This report shares examples of organizational strategies and inclusive language that can be integrated into standard patient-facing processes, forms, and materials to create culturally responsive health care environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, ... ...

    Abstract This report shares examples of organizational strategies and inclusive language that can be integrated into standard patient-facing processes, forms, and materials to create culturally responsive health care environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people.
    MeSH term(s) Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Homosexuality, Female ; Humans ; Language ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Transgender Persons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1142637-8
    ISSN 1548-6869 ; 1049-2089
    ISSN (online) 1548-6869
    ISSN 1049-2089
    DOI 10.1353/hpu.2021.0004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: How the experience of different non-acute bed-based mental health services reinforces the need for tailored stepped care.

    Hopkins, Liza / Lee, Stuart / Collister, Laura / Smart, Paul / Birks, Susanne

    Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) 537–543

    Abstract: Objective Stepped care as a model of provision of mental health services has been frequently described from clinical or health administration perspectives, but less is known about the consumer perspective of stepped models of care. Method Qualitative ... ...

    Abstract Objective Stepped care as a model of provision of mental health services has been frequently described from clinical or health administration perspectives, but less is known about the consumer perspective of stepped models of care. Method Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 18 consumers across a range of residential mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews were designed to help understand consumers' needs and experiences in navigating different services to meet their needs at different times in their mental health journey. Results Consumers experience fluctuations in their mental state that are best responded to by having access to a range of services, as well as to services that can respond flexibly to changing needs. Consumers do not necessarily progress through stepped care in a linear or step-up, step-down fashion. Conclusion Stepped care services need to be flexible in accommodating people along a continuum of care and responsive to where the consumer is at on their journey, rather than predetermining the trajectory of care. What is known about the topic? Stepped care has been identified as a critical component of comprehensive mental health care, bridging the gap between primary care and acute mental health services. The components of effective stepped care models have been broadly articulated, but the experience of moving through different components of care in response to changing needs has not previously been well described. What does the paper add? This paper presents consumer perspectives on a model of stepped care that is designed to respond flexibly to the changing needs of consumers, rather than representing a linear model of progress through the system. What are the implications for practitioners? Mental health services are increasingly grappling with provision of care to the 'missing middle': people with chronic mental illness yet not in an acute phase requiring in-patient hospital care. This paper presents a model of stepped care that responds to the fluctuating needs of consumers.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639155-2
    ISSN 1449-8944 ; 0159-5709 ; 0156-5788
    ISSN (online) 1449-8944
    ISSN 0159-5709 ; 0156-5788
    DOI 10.1071/AH20372
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for the simulation of all-electron correlation.

    Boyn, Jan-Niklas / Lykhin, Aleksandr O / Smart, Scott E / Gagliardi, Laura / Mazziotti, David A

    The Journal of chemical physics

    2021  Volume 155, Issue 24, Page(s) 244106

    Abstract: While chemical systems containing hundreds to thousands of electrons remain beyond the reach of quantum devices, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms present a promising pathway toward a quantum advantage. Hybrid algorithms treat the exponentially scaling ...

    Abstract While chemical systems containing hundreds to thousands of electrons remain beyond the reach of quantum devices, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms present a promising pathway toward a quantum advantage. Hybrid algorithms treat the exponentially scaling part of the calculation-the static correlation-on the quantum computer and the non-exponentially scaling part-the dynamic correlation-on the classical computer. While a variety of algorithms have been proposed, the dependence of many methods on the total wave function limits the development of easy-to-use classical post-processing implementations. Here, we present a novel combination of quantum and classical algorithms, which computes the all-electron energy of a strongly correlated molecular system on the classical computer from the 2-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) evaluated on the quantum device. Significantly, we circumvent the wave function in the all-electron calculations by using density matrix methods that only require input of the statically correlated 2-RDM. Although the algorithm is completely general, we test it with two classical density matrix methods, the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation (ACSE) and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theories, using the recently developed quantum ACSE method for simulating the statically correlated 2-RDM. We obtain experimental accuracy for the relative energies of all three benzyne isomers and thereby demonstrate the ability of the developed algorithm to achieve chemically relevant and accurate results on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3113-6
    ISSN 1089-7690 ; 0021-9606
    ISSN (online) 1089-7690
    ISSN 0021-9606
    DOI 10.1063/5.0074842
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  8. Article ; Online: Aging well with psychosis.

    Smart, Emily L / Berry, Katherine / Palmier-Claus, Jasper / Brown, Laura J E

    Journal of aging studies

    2021  Volume 57, Page(s) 100925

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Despite the unique challenges faced by people living with a severe mental illness, little work has been done to understand how these populations can age well. This study therefore aimed to explore the views of mid to older ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Despite the unique challenges faced by people living with a severe mental illness, little work has been done to understand how these populations can age well. This study therefore aimed to explore the views of mid to older aged adults living with a psychosis on what it means to age well, and how they might be supported in this endeavor.
    Research design and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen individuals (age 50-74 years) diagnosed with psychosis-related disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
    Results: Four themes were identified: (i) Engagement with Life - referring to participating in, and maintaining, activities that bring satisfaction and value; (ii) Attitude to Life and Aging - referring to a positive attitude and outlook, and accepting aging-related challenges; (iii) Health and Wellbeing - relating to keeping as physically and mentally fit as possible and (iv) Social Connections - referring to both personal and professional relationships, and feeling heard and understood by others.
    Discussion and implications: Whilst there were clear parallels between these results and those reported from other populations, participants aging with a psychosis revealed challenges, perceptions, and nuances that were unique to their situation. The importance of relationships with professionals, developing a mastery over their mental health difficulties, and the continued impact of stigma on aging well were highlighted. This suggests that approaches that target external societal factors, as well as therapeutic interventions focused on the individual, may help this population to age well.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging ; Healthy Aging ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Personal Satisfaction ; Psychotic Disorders ; Qualitative Research ; Social Stigma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2006012-9
    ISSN 1879-193X ; 0890-4065
    ISSN (online) 1879-193X
    ISSN 0890-4065
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Screening and identification of disordered eating in people with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.

    Pursey, Kirrilly M / Hart, Melissa / Jenkins, Laura / McEvoy, Mark / Smart, Carmel E

    Journal of diabetes and its complications

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 107522

    Abstract: People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been shown to be an at-risk group for the development of disordered eating behaviours, however, the validity of tools used to assess disordered eating behaviours in T1D is unclear. This review aimed to identify ... ...

    Abstract People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been shown to be an at-risk group for the development of disordered eating behaviours, however, the validity of tools used to assess disordered eating behaviours in T1D is unclear. This review aimed to identify tools used to screen or identify disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders in people with T1D, and evaluate the validity and reliability of these tools. A systematic search strategy was conducted to October 2019 according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy retrieved 2714 articles, with 100 articles describing 90 studies included in the review. Studies were predominantly conducted in adolescent females in clinical settings. Forty-eight individual tools were used across retrieved studies. Overall, the quality of tools reported in included articles was poor, with high risk of bias due to the use of non-validated tools (n = 44 articles) and few studies comparing to the reference standard (n = 10 articles) of a diagnostic interview. This review shows that a variety of tools have been used to screen and identify disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders in people with T1D. Future research including comparison to a gold standard diagnostic interview is warranted to further evaluate the validity and reliability of available tools.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mass Screening/standards ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Neuropsychological Tests/standards ; Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1105840-7
    ISSN 1873-460X ; 1056-8727
    ISSN (online) 1873-460X
    ISSN 1056-8727
    DOI 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107522
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  10. Article ; Online: A systematic review of the effects of psychosocial interventions on social functioning for middle-aged and older-aged adults with severe mental illness.

    Smart, Emily L / Brown, Laura / Palmier-Claus, Jasper / Raphael, Jessica / Berry, Katherine

    International journal of geriatric psychiatry

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 449–462

    Abstract: Objectives: The number of older adults with severe mental health problems such as schizophrenia is likely to double in the next 20 years. The needs of this patient group change across the life course, but difficulties with social functioning persist ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The number of older adults with severe mental health problems such as schizophrenia is likely to double in the next 20 years. The needs of this patient group change across the life course, but difficulties with social functioning persist into older age. Poorer social functioning is associated with poorer outcomes and has been identified as a priority for intervention by patients themselves. This paper systematically reviews studies examining the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on social functioning for people with severe mental health problems in later life.
    Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles was conducted and databases were searched from inception to December 2017. The review was limited to psychosocial interventions, for mid to older aged adults (≥40 years of age) with severe mental illness that included a validated measure of social functioning.
    Results: Fifteen studies (17 papers) met inclusion criteria. There was evidence to support skills training interventions that primarily focused on social skills training or integrated mental and physical health interventions. There was not sufficient evidence to recommend any other interventions.
    Conclusions: The results highlight the limited nature of interventions designed specifically for older people with severe mental health problems that target social functioning and the need for more robust, large-scale studies in the area. Current evidence suggests that cognitive behaviour therapy can be effective in targeting social functioning in younger age groups, but, as yet, there is insufficient evidence to recommend this intervention for an older population.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Social Adjustment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 806736-3
    ISSN 1099-1166 ; 0885-6230
    ISSN (online) 1099-1166
    ISSN 0885-6230
    DOI 10.1002/gps.5264
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