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Article: CD4+ T cells prevent skin autoimmunity during chronic autologous graft-versus-host-disease.

Hequet, Olivier / Vocanson, Marc / Saint-Mézard, Pierre / Kaiserlian, Dominique / Nicolas, Jean François / Bérard, Frédéric

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

2004 Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) 872–878

Abstract: CD4 regulatory cells have been postulated to prevent autologous graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). In order to test this hypothesis, we used BALB/c mice, a strain known to be resistant to autologous GVHD, which had received autologous stem cell ... ...

Abstract	CD4 regulatory cells have been postulated to prevent autologous graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). In order to test this hypothesis, we used BALB/c mice, a strain known to be resistant to autologous GVHD, which had received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and cyclosporine A (CsA). As expected, ASCT/CsA-treated BALB/c mice did not develop any sign of acute or chronic GVHD. However, depletion of CD4 T cells induced a skin disease with clinical and histological features of alopecia areata (AA), a CD8 T-cell-mediated human autoimmune skin disease. The hair loss in mice developing AA was associated with the infiltration of the skin by activated CD8 T cells. Analysis of the T-cell recovery in ASCT- and ASCT/CsA-treated mice showed that CsA induced an increase in the number of CD4+ 25+ T cells, suggesting that the lack of GVHD in ASCT/CsA treated-mice could be related to the expansion of this CD4 T-cell subset. Collectively these data show that CD4 T cells comprise regulatory cells controlling the onset of autologous GVHD and suggest that the naturally occurring CD4+ 25+ subset may be responsible for this effect.
MeSH term(s)	Alopecia/etiology ; Animals ; Autoimmunity ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; CD8 Antigens/metabolism ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Cyclosporine/therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/etiology ; Graft vs Host Disease/pathology ; Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Skin/immunology ; Skin/pathology ; Transplantation, Autologous
Chemical Substances	CD8 Antigens ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Cyclosporine (83HN0GTJ6D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2060594-8
ISSN	1600-6143 ; 1600-6135
ISSN (online)	1600-6143
ISSN	1600-6135
DOI	10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00439.x
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Zs.A 5542: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice investigated by MRI: model assessment for target analysis.

Babin, Anna L / Cannet, Catherine / Gérard, Christelle / Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Page, Clive P / Sparrer, Helmut / Matsuguchi, Tetsuya / Beckmann, Nicolau

Magnetic resonance in medicine

2012 Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 499–509

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to follow the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice and to investigate two knockout mouse lines with the aim of providing potential therapeutic targets. Bleomycin (0.25 mg/kg) was administered ... ...

Abstract	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to follow the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice and to investigate two knockout mouse lines with the aim of providing potential therapeutic targets. Bleomycin (0.25 mg/kg) was administered intranasally six times, once a day. MRI was carried out on spontaneously breathing animals up to day 70 after bleomycin. Neither cardiac nor respiratory gating was applied during image acquisition. A long lasting response following bleomycin has been detected by MRI in the lungs of male C57BL/6 mice. Histology showed that, from day 14-70 after bleomycin, fibrosis was the predominant component of the injury. Female C57BL/6 mice displayed a smaller response than males. Bleomycin-induced injury was significantly more pronounced in C57BL/6 than in Balb/C mice. MRI and histology demonstrated a protection against bleomycin insult in female heterozygous and male homozygous cancer Osaka thyroid kinase knockout animals. In contrast, no protection was seen in cadherin-11 knockout animals. In summary, MRI can quantify, in spontaneously breathing mice, bleomycin-induced lung injury. With the ability for repetitive measurements in the same animal, the technique is attractive for in vivo target analysis and compound profiling in this murine model.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Alleles ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity ; Bleomycin/toxicity ; Cadherins/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Genetic Carrier Screening ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Image Enhancement ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/pathology ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Knockout ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology ; Sex Factors
Chemical Substances	Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; Cadherins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Bleomycin (11056-06-7) ; osteoblast cadherin (156621-71-5) ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.11.25) ; Map3k8 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.25)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605774-3
ISSN	1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
ISSN (online)	1522-2594
ISSN	0740-3194
DOI	10.1002/mrm.23009
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Zs.A 1959: Show issues

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Article: Lysophosphatidylcholine is a natural adjuvant that initiates cellular immune responses.

Perrin-Cocon, Laure / Agaugué, Sophie / Coutant, Frédéric / Saint-Mézard, Pierre / Guironnet-Paquet, Aurélie / Nicolas, Jean-François / André, Patrice / Lotteau, Vincent

Vaccine

2006 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1254–1263

Abstract: The discovery of new adjuvants that can stimulate the immune response to protein antigens is a major issue for the development of subunit vaccines. Lipoprotein oxidation occurring during the acute phase response (APR) to aggression of the organism, ... ...

Abstract	The discovery of new adjuvants that can stimulate the immune response to protein antigens is a major issue for the development of subunit vaccines. Lipoprotein oxidation occurring during the acute phase response (APR) to aggression of the organism, provides signals of danger that are detected by dendritic cells (DC). Among other instructive molecules generated during the APR, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) promotes mature DC generation from differentiating human monocytes in vitro. It is shown here that LPC also controls the initiation of an adaptive immune response in vivo. LPC displays adjuvant properties when injected to mice in mixture with various antigens. Immunizations with LPC induced the production of antigen-specific antibodies with an efficiency similar to Alum, the reference adjuvant for human vaccination. Importantly, LPC also induced cytotoxic T cell responses, opening perspectives for vaccine development. Therefore, LPC is a natural adjuvant for the immune system, inducing humoral and cellular immune responses.
MeSH term(s)	Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/administration & dosage ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Animal ; Muramidase/immunology ; Ovalbumin/immunology
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1) ; hen egg lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.-) ; Muramidase (EC 3.2.1.17)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-02-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.09.036
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article: Immunosuppressive antimetabolites inhibit induction of contact hypersensitivity while lymphoablative drugs also prevent its expression.

Quéméneur, Laurence / Michallet, Marie-Cécile / Ferraro-Peyret, Carole / Saint-Mézard, Pierre / Benetière, Josette / Ducluzeau, Marie-Thérèse / Nicolas, Jean-François / Revillard, Jean-Pierre

European journal of dermatology : EJD

2003 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 540–547

Abstract: Contact hypersensitivity is one of the most common skin diseases and its pharmacological control is an important clinical issue. We investigated the control of contact hypersensitivity by immunosuppressive drugs administered during sensitization or ... ...

Abstract	Contact hypersensitivity is one of the most common skin diseases and its pharmacological control is an important clinical issue. We investigated the control of contact hypersensitivity by immunosuppressive drugs administered during sensitization or challenge. Mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil completely inhibited contact hypersensitivity when administered during sensitization whereas they did not decrease inflammatory reaction when administered during challenge. Conversely, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide, given as a single injection at the time of sensitization or challenge, completely inhibited the reaction, a property associated with T and B cell depletion. The data indicate that antimetabolites which are cell cycle dependent inhibit clonal expansion and subsequent differentiation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Their lack of effect at the time of challenge indicates that T cell proliferation is not required for the expression of effector or regulatory T cell activation. Conversely lymphoablative drugs can inactivate or destroy differentiated cytotoxic T cells with rapid kinetics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/prevention & control ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Female ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Langerhans Cells/immunology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Methotrexate/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mitoxantrone/pharmacology ; Mycophenolic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Mycophenolic Acid/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antimetabolites ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Cyclophosphamide (8N3DW7272P) ; Mitoxantrone (BZ114NVM5P) ; Dinitrofluorobenzene (D241E059U6) ; Mycophenolic Acid (HU9DX48N0T) ; Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT) ; Methotrexate (YL5FZ2Y5U1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-11
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1128666-0
ISSN	1952-4013 ; 1167-1122
ISSN (online)	1952-4013
ISSN	1167-1122
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Zs.A 3484: Show issues

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Article: The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis.

Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Berard, Frédéric / Dubois, Bertrand / Kaiserlian, Dominique / Nicolas, Jean-François

European journal of dermatology : EJD

2004 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 131–138

Abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions which are mediated by hapten specific T cells. During the sensitisation phases, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell precursors are activated in the ... ...

Abstract	Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions which are mediated by hapten specific T cells. During the sensitisation phases, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell precursors are activated in the draining lymph nodes by presentation of haptenated peptides by skin dendritic cells. Subsequent hapten skin painting induces the recruitment of T cells at the site of challenge which induces inflammatory signals and apoptosis of epidermal cells, leading to the development of a skin inflammatory infiltrate and of clinical symptoms. There have been major controversies on the respective roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the development of the CHS inflammatory reaction. Experimental studies from the last 10 years have demonstrated that, in normal CHS responses to strong haptens, CD8+ type 1 T cells are effector cells of CHS while CD4+ T cells are endowed with down-regulatory functions. The latter may correspond to the recently described CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell population. However, in some instances, especially those where there is a deficient CD8 T cell pool, CD4+ T cells can be effector cells of CHS. Ongoing studies will have to confirm that the pathophysiology of human ACD is similar to the mouse CHS and that the CHS response to weak haptens, the most frequently involved in human ACD, is similar to that reported for strong haptens.
MeSH term(s)	CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-05
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1128666-0
ISSN	1952-4013 ; 1167-1122
ISSN (online)	1952-4013
ISSN	1167-1122
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Article: Eczéma allergique de contact: comment ré-induire une tolérance?

Vocanson, Marc / Hennino, Anca / Chavagnac, Cyril / Rozières, Aurore / Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Akiba, Hitoshi / Satoh, Masataka / Kaiserlian, Dominique / Nicolas, Jean-François

Medecine sciences : M/S

2006 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 158–163

Abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a skin inflammatory disease mediated by activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for haptens in contact with the skin. CD4+ T cells behave as both regulatory and tolerogenic cells since they down-regulate the ... ...

Title translation	Allergic contact dermatitis: how to re-induce tolerance?.
Abstract	Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a skin inflammatory disease mediated by activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for haptens in contact with the skin. CD4+ T cells behave as both regulatory and tolerogenic cells since they down-regulate the skin inflammation in patients with ACD (regulation) and prevent the development of eczema (tolerance) in normal individuals. Thus, ACD corresponds to a breakdown of immune tolerance to haptens in contact with the skin. Several regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets (Treg), especially CD4+CD25+ natural Treg cells, are involved in immunological tolerance and regulation to haptens through the production of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Ongoing strategies to re-induce immune tolerance to haptens in patients with eczema include improvement of existing methods of tolerance induction (oral tolerance, low dose tolerance, allergen-specific immunotherapy, UV-induced tolerance) as well as development of new drugs able to activate IL-10 producing Treg cells in vivo. Ongoing and future progress in this area will open up new avenues for treatment of eczema and more generally autoimmune and allergic diseases resulting from a breakdown of tolerance to autoantigens and allergens, respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Allergens/adverse effects ; Allergens/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cytokines/physiology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/physiopathology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/therapy ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Haptens/immunology ; Haptens/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppression/methods ; Interleukin-10/physiology ; Interleukin-2/therapeutic use ; Models, Animal ; Models, Biological ; PUVA Therapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Cytokines ; Haptens ; Interleukin-2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8)
Language	French
Publishing date	2006-02
Publishing country	France
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632733-3
ISSN	1958-5381 ; 0767-0974
ISSN (online)	1958-5381
ISSN	0767-0974
DOI	10.1051/medsci/2006222158
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Zs.B 2872: Show issues

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Article: IL-2 therapy and thymic production of naive CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients with severe CD4 lymphopenia.

Carcelain, Guislaine / Saint-Mézard, Pierre / Altes, Hester Korthals / Tubiana, Roland / Grenot, Pierre / Rabian, Claire / de Boer, Rob / Costagliola, Dominique / Katlama, Christine / Debré, Patrice / Autran, Brigitte

AIDS (London, England)

2003 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 841–850

Abstract: Objectives: IL-2 therapy increases memory and naive CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients, but its effect on thymopoiesis is unknown. To investigate this effect, we quantified T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in CD4 T cells from ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: IL-2 therapy increases memory and naive CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients, but its effect on thymopoiesis is unknown. To investigate this effect, we quantified T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in CD4 T cells from lymphopenic AIDS patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and IL-2. Methods: CD4 cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry using anti-CD45RO/RA, CD62L, Ki67 and CD95 monoclonal antibodies. The proportion of recent thymic emigrant had been quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for signal joint TREC in peripheral blood mononuclear and purified CD4 T cells. Results: At initiation of IL-2, TREC copies/microl of blood were correlated with naive T cell numbers and age. Both naive and TREC numbers/microl significantly increased over time in all patients, with a wide range of TREC increases. Higher percentages of CD4+CD45RO-negative cells positive for the Ki67 cell-cycle marker were found in patients with a low TREC increase, but remained stable under IL-2. TREC and naive cell recovery were correlated; they also correlated with the numbers of TREC and naive cells at the start of IL-2, and with age, suggesting a thymic origin for naive T-cell recovery. A mathematical model showing the linear recovery of naive cells and TREC under IL-2 also strongly suggested that a naive T-cell increase reflects thymic export and involves little net death and proliferation. Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out a mechanism of altered proliferation or death rate, the thymus plays an important role in the long-term recovery of naive T cells under IL-2 therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Division/immunology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Lymphopenia/therapy ; Lymphopenia/virology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Thymus Gland/immunology
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/00002030-200304110-00009
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Zs.A 2228: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Contribution of CD4(+ )and CD8(+) T-cells in contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis.

Vocanson, Marc / Hennino, Ana / Chavagnac, Cyril / Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Dubois, Bertrand / Kaiserlian, Dominique / Nicolas, Jean-Francois

Expert review of clinical immunology

2005 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 75–86

Abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis, also referred to as contact hypersensitivity, is one the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases, and is characterized by redness, papule and vesicles, followed by scaling and dryness. Allergic contact dermatitis is elicited ...

Abstract	Allergic contact dermatitis, also referred to as contact hypersensitivity, is one the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases, and is characterized by redness, papule and vesicles, followed by scaling and dryness. Allergic contact dermatitis is elicited upon skin contact with nonprotein chemicals, haptens, and corresponds to a cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, mediated by hapten-specific T-cells. During the sensitization phase, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell precursors are activated in the draining lymph nodes by presentation of haptenated peptides by skin dendritic cells. Subsequent hapten painting on a remote skin site induces the recruitment and activation of specific T-cells at the site of challenge. This leads to apoptosis of keratinocytes, recruitment of inflammatory cells and development of clinical symptoms. Experimental studies from the last 10 years have demonstrated that, in normal contact hypersensitivity responses to strong haptens, CD8(+) type 1 T-cells are effector cells of contact hypersensitivity through cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma production, while CD4(+) T-cells are endowed with downregulatory functions. The latter may correspond to the recently described CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell population. However, in some instances, especially when there is a deficient CD8(+) T-cell pool, CD4(+) T-cells can be effector cells of contact hypersensitivity. Ongoing studies will have to confirm that the pathophysiology of human allergic contact dermatitis is similar to the mouse contact hypersensitivity and that the contact hypersensitivity response to common weak haptens, most frequently involved in human allergic contact dermatitis, is similar to that reported for strong haptens.
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274260-8
ISSN	1744-8409 ; 1744-666X
ISSN (online)	1744-8409
ISSN	1744-666X
DOI	10.1586/1744666X.1.1.75
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Zs.A 6661: Show issues

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Article: Analysis of independent microarray datasets of renal biopsies identifies a robust transcript signature of acute allograft rejection.

Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Berthier, Céline C / Zhang, Hai / Hertig, Alexandre / Kaiser, Sergio / Schumacher, Martin / Wieczorek, Grazyna / Bigaud, Marc / Kehren, Jeanne / Rondeau, Eric / Raulf, Friedrich / Marti, Hans-Peter

Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

2009 Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 293–302

Abstract: Transcriptomics could contribute significantly to the early and specific diagnosis of rejection episodes by defining 'molecular Banff' signatures. Recently, the description of pathogenesis-based transcript sets offered a new opportunity for objective and ...

Abstract	Transcriptomics could contribute significantly to the early and specific diagnosis of rejection episodes by defining 'molecular Banff' signatures. Recently, the description of pathogenesis-based transcript sets offered a new opportunity for objective and quantitative diagnosis. Generating high-quality transcript panels is thus critical to define high-performance diagnostic classifier. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed across four different microarray datasets of heterogeneous sample collections from two published clinical datasets and two own datasets including biopsies for clinical indication, and samples from nonhuman primates. We characterized a common transcriptional profile of 70 genes, defined as acute rejection transcript set (ARTS). ARTS expression is significantly up-regulated in all AR samples as compared with stable allografts or healthy kidneys, and strongly correlates with the severity of Banff AR types. Similarly, ARTS were tested as a classifier in a large collection of 143 independent biopsies recently published by the University of Alberta. Results demonstrate that the 'in silico' approach applied in this study is able to identify a robust and reliable molecular signature for AR, supporting a specific and sensitive molecular diagnostic approach for renal transplant monitoring.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Graft Rejection/genetics ; Graft Rejection/pathology ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney/physiology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639435-8
ISSN	1432-2277 ; 0934-0874
ISSN (online)	1432-2277
ISSN	0934-0874
DOI	10.1111/j.1432-2277.2008.00790.x
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Zs.A 2358: Show issues

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Article: Allergic contact dermatitis.

Saint-Mezard, Pierre / Rosieres, Aurore / Krasteva, Maya / Berard, Frédéric / Dubois, Bertrand / Kaiserlian, Dominique / Nicolas, Jean-François

European journal of dermatology : EJD

2004 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 284–295

Abstract: Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition induced by exposure to an environmental agent. Eczema and dermatitis are used synonymously to denote a polymorphous pattern of skin inflammation characterized at least in its acute phase by erythema, ... ...

Abstract	Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition induced by exposure to an environmental agent. Eczema and dermatitis are used synonymously to denote a polymorphous pattern of skin inflammation characterized at least in its acute phase by erythema, vesiculation and pruritus. Substances responsible for contact dermatitis after single or multiple exposures are non protein chemicals, i.e. haptens, that induce skin inflammation through activation of innate skin immunity (irritant contact dermatitis) or both innate and acquired specific immunity (allergic contact dermatitis). The present review will focus on allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which is mediated by hapten-specific T cells. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of ACD have shown that the occurrence of ACD, as well as its magnitude and duration, is controlled by the opposite functions of CD8 effector T cells and CD4 regulatory T cells. From these studies ACD can be considered as a breakdown of cutaneous immune tolerance to haptens.
MeSH term(s)	Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/physiopathology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/therapy ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-09
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1128666-0
ISSN	1952-4013 ; 1167-1122
ISSN (online)	1952-4013
ISSN	1167-1122
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Zs.A 3484: Show issues

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