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  1. Article ; Online: Dendritic calcium signals in rhesus macaque motor cortex drive an optical brain-computer interface.

    Trautmann, Eric M / O'Shea, Daniel J / Sun, Xulu / Marshel, James H / Crow, Ailey / Hsueh, Brian / Vesuna, Sam / Cofer, Lucas / Bohner, Gergő / Allen, Will / Kauvar, Isaac / Quirin, Sean / MacDougall, Matthew / Chen, Yuzhi / Whitmire, Matthew P / Ramakrishnan, Charu / Sahani, Maneesh / Seidemann, Eyal / Ryu, Stephen I /
    Deisseroth, Karl / Shenoy, Krishna V

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3689

    Abstract: Calcium imaging is a powerful tool for recording from large populations of neurons in vivo. Imaging in rhesus macaque motor cortex can enable the discovery of fundamental principles of motor cortical function and can inform the design of next generation ... ...

    Abstract Calcium imaging is a powerful tool for recording from large populations of neurons in vivo. Imaging in rhesus macaque motor cortex can enable the discovery of fundamental principles of motor cortical function and can inform the design of next generation brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Surface two-photon imaging, however, cannot presently access somatic calcium signals of neurons from all layers of macaque motor cortex due to photon scattering. Here, we demonstrate an implant and imaging system capable of chronic, motion-stabilized two-photon imaging of neuronal calcium signals from macaques engaged in a motor task. By imaging apical dendrites, we achieved optical access to large populations of deep and superficial cortical neurons across dorsal premotor (PMd) and gyral primary motor (M1) cortices. Dendritic signals from individual neurons displayed tuning for different directions of arm movement. Combining several technical advances, we developed an optical BCI (oBCI) driven by these dendritic signalswhich successfully decoded movement direction online. By fusing two-photon functional imaging with CLARITY volumetric imaging, we verified that many imaged dendrites which contributed to oBCI decoding originated from layer 5 output neurons, including a putative Betz cell. This approach establishes new opportunities for studying motor control and designing BCIs via two photon imaging.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Implants, Experimental ; Intravital Microscopy/instrumentation ; Intravital Microscopy/methods ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Neurons/physiology ; Photons
    Chemical Substances Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-23884-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dendritic calcium signals in rhesus macaque motor cortex drive an optical brain-computer interface

    Eric M. Trautmann / Daniel J. O’Shea / Xulu Sun / James H. Marshel / Ailey Crow / Brian Hsueh / Sam Vesuna / Lucas Cofer / Gergő Bohner / Will Allen / Isaac Kauvar / Sean Quirin / Matthew MacDougall / Yuzhi Chen / Matthew P. Whitmire / Charu Ramakrishnan / Maneesh Sahani / Eyal Seidemann / Stephen I. Ryu /
    Karl Deisseroth / Krishna V. Shenoy

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 20

    Abstract: Surface two-photon imaging of the brain cannot access somatic calcium signals of neurons from deep layers of the macaque cortex. Here, the authors present an implant and imaging system for chronic motion-stabilized two-photon imaging of dendritic calcium ...

    Abstract Surface two-photon imaging of the brain cannot access somatic calcium signals of neurons from deep layers of the macaque cortex. Here, the authors present an implant and imaging system for chronic motion-stabilized two-photon imaging of dendritic calcium signals to drive an optical brain-computer interface in macaques.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Alteration of growth factors and neuronal death in diabetic retinopathy: what we have learned so far.

    Whitmire, Will / Al-Gayyar, Mohammed Mh / Abdelsaid, Mohammed / Yousufzai, Bilal K / El-Remessy, Azza B

    Molecular vision

    2011  Volume 17, Page(s) 300–308

    Abstract: Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in American adults. Over the years, DR has been perceived as a vascular disease characterized by vascular permeability, macular edema, and neovascularization that can lead to blindness. ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in American adults. Over the years, DR has been perceived as a vascular disease characterized by vascular permeability, macular edema, and neovascularization that can lead to blindness. Relatively new research on neurodegeneration is expanding our views of the pathogenesis of DR. Evidence has begun to point to the fact that even before vascular complications begin to manifest, neuronal cell death and dysfunction have already begun. Based on the literature and our own studies, we address whether neuronal death is associated with loss of neurotrophic support due to less production of a given growth factor or due to impairment of its signaling events regardless of the level of the growth factor itself.
    Methods: In this article we aimed to review the literature that looks at the neuronal side of DR and whether retinal neurons are adversely affected due to the lack of neurotrophic levels or activity. In particular, we examine the research looking at insulin, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, pigment epithelium-derived growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor.
    Results: Research shows that insulin has neurotrophic properties and that the loss of its pro-survival pathways may have a role in diabetic retinopathy. There is also evidence to suggest that exogenously administered insulin may have a role in the treatment of DR. Insulin-like growth factor has been shown to have a role in retinal neurogenesis and there is early evidence that it may also have neuroprotective effects. While there is evidence of neuroprotective effects of vascular endothelial growth factor, paradoxically, there is also an increased amount of apoptotic activity in retinal neurons despite an increased level of VEGF in the diabetic eye. Further research is necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved. Pigment epithelium derived growth factor has retinal neuroprotective effects and shows evidence that it may be an avenue for future therapeutic use in DR. Brain-derived growth factor has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in the retina and there is also some evidence in diabetic rats that it may have some therapeutic potential in treating DR. Nerve growth factor has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects and research has begun to elucidate some of the pathways and mechanisms through which these effects occur.
    Conclusions: Research has shown that there is some degree of neuronal death involved in DR. It is also evident that there are many growth factors involved in this process. Some of these growth factors have shown some potential as future therapeutic targets in DR. These findings should encourage further investigation into the mechanism of these growth factors, their potential for therapy, and the possibility of a new horizon in the clinical care of DR.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Serpins/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Eye Proteins ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Nerve Growth Factors ; RNA, Messenger ; Serpins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pigment epithelium-derived factor ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Nerve Growth Factor (9061-61-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2017540-1
    ISSN 1090-0535 ; 1090-0535
    ISSN (online) 1090-0535
    ISSN 1090-0535
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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