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  1. Article ; Online: Sex differences in coronavirus disease 2019 myocarditis.

    Beetler, Danielle J / Fairweather, DeLisa

    Current opinion in physiology

    2023  Volume 35

    Abstract: Myocarditis is frequently caused by viral infections, but animal models that closely resemble human disease suggest that virus-triggered autoimmune disease is the most likely cause of myocarditis. Myocarditis is a rare condition that occurs primarily in ... ...

    Abstract Myocarditis is frequently caused by viral infections, but animal models that closely resemble human disease suggest that virus-triggered autoimmune disease is the most likely cause of myocarditis. Myocarditis is a rare condition that occurs primarily in men under age 50. The incidence of myocarditis rose at least 15x during the COVID-19 pandemic from 1-10 to 150-400 cases/100,000 individuals, with most cases occurring in men under age 50. COVID-19 vaccination was also associated with rare cases of myocarditis primarily in young men under 50 years of age with an incidence as high as 50 cases/100,000 individuals reported for some mRNA vaccines. Sex differences in the immune response to COVID-19 are virtually identical to the mechanisms known to drive sex differences in myocarditis pre-COVID based on clinical studies and animal models. The many similarities between COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis to COVID-19 myocarditis and non-COVID myocarditis suggest common immune mechanisms drive disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2918626-2
    ISSN 2468-8673 ; 2468-8681
    ISSN (online) 2468-8673
    ISSN 2468-8681
    DOI 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100704
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: A Possible Newly Defined and Treatable Secondary Cause of Early Morning Wake-Up Headaches in an Older Hypermobile Woman: Nutcracker Physiology with Spinal Epidural Venous Congestion.

    Rozen, Todd D / Devcic, Zlatko / Toskich, Beau B / Fairweather, DeLisa / Bruno, Katelyn A

    Case reports in neurology

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–78

    Abstract: Introduction: Left renal vein compression (nutcracker physiology) with secondary spinal epidural venous congestion is a newly recognized cause of daily persistent headache. Presently, only women with underlying symptomatic hypermobility issues appear to ...

    Abstract Introduction: Left renal vein compression (nutcracker physiology) with secondary spinal epidural venous congestion is a newly recognized cause of daily persistent headache. Presently, only women with underlying symptomatic hypermobility issues appear to develop headache from this anatomic issue. The hypothesized etiology is an abnormal reset of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to an elevated state. Headaches that occur during sleep can have a varied differential diagnosis, one of which is elevated CSF pressure. We present the case of an older woman who began to develop severe wake-up headaches at midnight. She was found to have left renal vein compression and spinal epidural venous congestion on imaging. After treatment with lumbar vein coil embolization, which alleviated the spinal cord venous congestion, her headaches alleviated.
    Case report: A 61-year-old woman with a history of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome began to be awakened with severe head pain at midnight at least several times per week. The headache was a holocranial, pressure sensation, which worsened in the supine position. The headaches were mostly eliminated with acetazolamide. Because of her hypermobility issues and pressure-like headache, she was investigated for underlying nutcracker physiology and spinal epidural venous congestion. This was confirmed using magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and conventional venography, and after lumbar vein coil embolization her wake-up headaches ceased.
    Conclusion: The case report suggests a possible new underlying and treatable cause for early morning, wake-up headaches: nutcracker physiology with secondary spinal epidural venous congestion. The case expands on the clinical headache presentation of nutcracker physiology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2505302-4
    ISSN 1662-680X
    ISSN 1662-680X
    DOI 10.1159/000537705
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  3. Article ; Online: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19: Time for a second-second look?

    Joyner, Michael J / Carter, Rickey E / Fairweather, DeLisa / Wright, R Scott

    Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–20

    Abstract: In this short narrative, we highlight some of our experiences leading the US Convalescent Plasma Program at the beginning of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. This includes a brief summary of how the program emerged and high-level lessons we ...

    Abstract In this short narrative, we highlight some of our experiences leading the US Convalescent Plasma Program at the beginning of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. This includes a brief summary of how the program emerged and high-level lessons we learned. We also share our impressions about why convalescent plasma was used at scale in the United States, early in the pandemic and share ideas that might inform the use of convalescent plasma in future outbreaks of novel infectious diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Disease Outbreaks ; Pandemics ; Immunization, Passive
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1067989-3
    ISSN 1365-3148 ; 0958-7578
    ISSN (online) 1365-3148
    ISSN 0958-7578
    DOI 10.1111/tme.12915
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  4. Article ; Online: Exercise After Acute Myocarditis: When and How to Return to Sports.

    Bryde, Robyn E / Cooper, Leslie T / Fairweather, DeLisa / Di Florio, Damian N / Martinez, Matthew W

    Cardiac electrophysiology clinics

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–115

    Abstract: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium secondary to infectious and noninfectious insults. The most feared consequence of myocarditis is sudden cardiac death owing to electrical instability and arrhythmia. Typical presenting symptoms ... ...

    Abstract Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium secondary to infectious and noninfectious insults. The most feared consequence of myocarditis is sudden cardiac death owing to electrical instability and arrhythmia. Typical presenting symptoms include chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations and/or heart failure. Diagnosis is usually made with history, electrocardiogram, biomarkers, echocardiogram, and cardiac MRI (CMR). Application of the Lake Louise criteria to CMR results can help identify cases of myocarditis. Treatment is usually supportive with medical therapy, and patients are recommended to abstain from exercise for 3 to 6 months. Exercise restrictions may be lifted after normalization on follow-up testing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnosis ; Myocarditis/therapy ; Return to Sport ; Myocardium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1877-9190
    ISSN (online) 1877-9190
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.09.011
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  5. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial extracellular vesicles, autoimmunity and myocarditis.

    Di Florio, Damian N / Beetler, Danielle J / McCabe, Elizabeth J / Sin, Jon / Ikezu, Tsuneya / Fairweather, DeLisa

    Frontiers in immunology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1374796

    Abstract: For many decades viral infections have been suspected as 'triggers' of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur have been difficult to establish. Recent studies have shown that viral infections that are commonly associated with viral ... ...

    Abstract For many decades viral infections have been suspected as 'triggers' of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur have been difficult to establish. Recent studies have shown that viral infections that are commonly associated with viral myocarditis and other autoimmune diseases such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and SARS-CoV-2 target mitochondria and are released from cells in mitochondrial vesicles that are able to activate the innate immune response. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and the inflammasome pathway are activated by mitochondrial components. Autoreactivity against cardiac myosin and heart-specific immune responses that occur after infection with viruses where the heart is not the primary site of infection (e.g., CVB3, SARS-CoV-2) may occur because the heart has the highest density of mitochondria in the body. Evidence exists for autoantibodies against mitochondrial antigens in patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Defects in tolerance mechanisms like autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) may further increase the likelihood of autoreactivity against mitochondrial antigens leading to autoimmune disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the role of viral infection in the production of extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria and virus and the development of myocarditis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Myocarditis ; Autoimmunity ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374796
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  6. Article: Regulating inflammation in the heart.

    Fairweather, Delisa

    International journal of biomedical science : IJBS

    2013  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–13

    Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and estimated to be the leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2020. Many pathogens including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses are associated with inflammatory heart disease ... ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and estimated to be the leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2020. Many pathogens including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses are associated with inflammatory heart disease in patients, and can induce similar disease in animal models. Recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that both reduce infection and increase inflammation in the heart. Signaling pathways that will eventually down-regulate cardiac inflammation, such as anti-inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T cells, are also initiated during the innate immune response. A careful balance between activation and regulation of the immune response to infection reduces the severity of inflammation in the heart, the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1550-9702
    ISSN 1550-9702
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  7. Article: Sex differences in inflammation during atherosclerosis.

    Fairweather, DeLisa

    Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology

    2015  Volume 8, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 49–59

    Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide, yet more men die from atherosclerosis than women, and at a younger age. Women, on the other hand, mainly develop atherosclerosis following menopause, and particularly if ... ...

    Abstract Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide, yet more men die from atherosclerosis than women, and at a younger age. Women, on the other hand, mainly develop atherosclerosis following menopause, and particularly if they have one or more autoimmune diseases, suggesting that the immune mechanisms that increase disease in men are different from those in women. The key processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are vascular inflammation, lipid accumulation, intimal thickening and fibrosis, remodeling, and plaque rupture or erosion leading to myocardial infarction and ischemia. Evidence indicates that sex hormones alter the immune response during atherosclerosis, resulting in different disease phenotypes according to sex. Women, for example, respond to infection and damage with increased antibody and autoantibody responses, while men have elevated innate immune activation. This review describes current knowledge regarding sex differences in the inflammatory immune response during atherosclerosis. Understanding sex differences is critical for improving individualized medicine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2575256-X
    ISSN 1179-5468
    ISSN 1179-5468
    DOI 10.4137/CMC.S17068
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  8. Article: The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies.

    Musigk, Nicolas / Suwalski, Phillip / Golpour, Ainoosh / Fairweather, DeLisa / Klingel, Karin / Martin, Pilar / Frustaci, Andrea / Cooper, Leslie T / Lüscher, Thomas F / Landmesser, Ulf / Heidecker, Bettina

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2024  Volume 11, Page(s) 1251780

    Abstract: Infiltration of the myocardium with various cell types, cytokines and chemokines plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies including inflammatory cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. A more comprehensive understanding of the precise ... ...

    Abstract Infiltration of the myocardium with various cell types, cytokines and chemokines plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies including inflammatory cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. A more comprehensive understanding of the precise immune mechanisms involved in acute and chronic myocarditis is essential to develop novel therapeutic approaches. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the immune landscape in cardiomyopathies based on etiology. It identifies gaps in our knowledge about cardiac inflammation and emphasizes the need for new translational approaches to improve our understanding thus enabling development of novel early detection methods and more effective treatments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1251780
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  9. Article ; Online: Exercise After Acute Myocarditis: When and How to Return to Sports.

    Bryde, Robyn E / Cooper, Leslie T / Fairweather, DeLisa / Di Florio, Damian N / Martinez, Matthew W

    Cardiology clinics

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–115

    Abstract: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium secondary to infectious and noninfectious insults. The most feared consequence of myocarditis is sudden cardiac death owing to electrical instability and arrhythmia. Typical presenting symptoms ... ...

    Abstract Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium secondary to infectious and noninfectious insults. The most feared consequence of myocarditis is sudden cardiac death owing to electrical instability and arrhythmia. Typical presenting symptoms include chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations and/or heart failure. Diagnosis is usually made with history, electrocardiogram, biomarkers, echocardiogram, and cardiac MRI (CMR). Application of the Lake Louise criteria to CMR results can help identify cases of myocarditis. Treatment is usually supportive with medical therapy, and patients are recommended to abstain from exercise for 3 to 6 months. Exercise restrictions may be lifted after normalization on follow-up testing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnosis ; Myocarditis/etiology ; Myocarditis/therapy ; Return to Sport ; Myocardium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Electrocardiography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1196385-2
    ISSN 1558-2264 ; 0733-8651
    ISSN (online) 1558-2264
    ISSN 0733-8651
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.08.009
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Se 853: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Follistatin-like 1 and its paralogs in heart development and cardiovascular disease.

    Horak, Martin / Fairweather, DeLisa / Kokkonen, Piia / Bednar, David / Bienertova-Vasku, Julie

    Heart failure reviews

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 2251–2265

    Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels and a leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new cardiokines that may protect the heart from damage as reported in GBD 2017 Causes ... ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels and a leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new cardiokines that may protect the heart from damage as reported in GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators (2018) (The Lancet 392:1736-1788). Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a cardiokine that is highly expressed in the heart and released to the serum after cardiac injury where it is associated with CVD and predicts poor outcome. The action of FSTL1 likely depends not only on the tissue source but also post-translation modifications that are target tissue- and cell-specific. Animal studies examining the effect of FSTL1 in various models of heart disease have exploded over the past 15 years and primarily report a protective effect spanning from inhibiting inflammation via transforming growth factor, preventing remodeling and fibrosis to promoting angiogenesis and hypertrophy. A better understanding of FSTL1 and its homologs is needed to determine whether this protein could be a useful novel biomarker to predict poor outcome and death and whether it has therapeutic potential. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the literature for this family of proteins in order to better understand their role in normal physiology and CVD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fibrosis ; Follistatin ; Follistatin-Related Proteins/genetics ; Follistatin-Related Proteins/metabolism ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Follistatin ; Follistatin-Related Proteins ; FSTL1 protein, human (158709-61-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1336499-6
    ISSN 1573-7322 ; 1382-4147
    ISSN (online) 1573-7322
    ISSN 1382-4147
    DOI 10.1007/s10741-022-10262-6
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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