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Article ; Online: Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Stroke Survivors in Nigeria.

Wahab, Kolawole Wasiu / Kolo, Philip Manma / Salawu, Fatai K / Sanya, Emmanuel O

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

2017 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 1222–1227

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is the dominant risk factor for first-ever and recurrent stroke. The objective of the present study was to assess control of blood pressure (BP) among hypertensive stroke survivors seen at 2 tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hypertension is the dominant risk factor for first-ever and recurrent stroke. The objective of the present study was to assess control of blood pressure (BP) among hypertensive stroke survivors seen at 2 tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, stroke survivors with hypertension as a risk factor were consecutively recruited in the outpatient clinics of the participating hospitals. After the necessary demographic and clinical information had been obtained, participants had their BP assessed in a standardized manner. A BP of <140/< 90 mmHg was defined as good control. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of good BP control. Results: There were 284 subjects with a mean age of 59.0 ± 13.1 years. The overall mean systolic blood pressure was 142.7 ± 22.5 mmHg (male 144.9 ± 22.7, female 138.4 ± 21.6; P > .05) while the overall mean diastolic blood pressure was 85.6 ± 14.5 mmHg (male 85.8 ± 14.6, female 85.2 ± 14.4; P > .05). In spite of the fact that 270 (95.1%) of the subjects were on antihypertensives, only 39.8% (male 37.0%, female 44.1%; P > .05) had good BP control. In univariate analysis, having at least 12 years of formal education (OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.035-2.699; P < .05) and good compliance to antihypertensive medications (OR 9.732, 95% CI 3.391-27.930; P < .001) were the only variables associated with good BP control. Conclusions: Control of BP is poor among Nigerian hypertensive stroke survivors and is associated with the level of formal education and drug compliance. Urgent measures are needed to improve on this poor BP control as these may potentially reduce stroke recurrence rate.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1131675-5
ISSN	1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
ISSN (online)	1532-8511
ISSN	1052-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.01.011
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Article ; Online: Alzheimer's disease: a review of recent developments.

Salawu, Fatai K / Umar, Joel T / Olokoba, Abdulfatai B

Annals of African medicine

2011 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–79

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in aging adults, and a substantial burden to patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system. It is an increasingly significant public health issue; with the number of people living with AD ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in aging adults, and a substantial burden to patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system. It is an increasingly significant public health issue; with the number of people living with AD projected to increase dramatically over the next few decades, making the search for treatments and tools to measure disease progression increasingly urgent. This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. The subject headings and keywords used were Alzheimer's disease, dementia, primary neuronal degeneration and senile plagues. Only the articles written in English were included. The diagnosis is still primarily made based on history and physical and neurologic examinations. Approved treatments are few and of limited efficacy, serving mostly to slow or delay progression and not to cure the disease, despite significant research by pharmaceutical industries. Cholinesterase inhibitors offer some help in treating cognitive and global functioning, as well as behavioral abnormalities in patients with mild-, moderate-, or severe-stage disease. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, memantine, is similarly effective alone or in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors in moderate to severe stages of the disease. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of AD have led to promising investigational therapies, including the development of γ- and β-secretase inhibitors as well as active and passive immunization against the amyloid β-protein.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/psychology ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Memantine/therapeutic use ; Neuropsychological Tests
Chemical Substances	Antiparkinson Agents ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Memantine (W8O17SJF3T)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-04
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2165792-0
ISSN	0975-5764 ; 1596-3519
ISSN (online)	0975-5764
ISSN	1596-3519
DOI	10.4103/1596-3519.82057
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Article ; Online: A Nationwide Survey of Parkinson's Disease Medicines Availability and Affordability in Nigeria.

Okubadejo, Njideka U / Ojo, Oluwadamilola O / Wahab, Kolawole W / Abubakar, Sani A / Obiabo, Olugbo Y / Salawu, Fatai K / Nwazor, Ernest O / Agabi, Osigwe P / Oshinaike, Olajumoke O

Movement disorders clinical practice

2018 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–33

Abstract: Background and objectives: Limited access to medicines can impact negatively on outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study objectives were to determine the availability and assess the affordability of antiparkinsonian medications in ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Limited access to medicines can impact negatively on outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study objectives were to determine the availability and assess the affordability of antiparkinsonian medications in pharmacies across Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional nationwide study utilizing the World Health Organization/Health Action Initiative methodology. Strategically selected private- and public-sector pharmacies in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were surveyed for availability of medicines for management of early and advanced PD. The nine categories were: levodopa/peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors, dopamine receptor agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, anticholinergics, catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, antidementia drugs, and miscellaneous (e.g., drugs for orthostatism, urinary incontinence, and sleep disturbance). Unaffordability was defined as paying more than 1 days' wages (>N600 or > US$1.67) for a standard 30-day supply. Results: One hundred twenty-three pharmacies were surveyed (62 private [50.4%] and 61 public sector [49.6%]; range of 15-25 pharmacies in each geopolitical zone). Private exceeded public-sector availability across all nine categories of PD medicines ( Conclusions: PD medicines access is limited in Nigeria. Strategies, including engagement of stakeholders to consider interventions to improve and prioritize PD medicines access, are urgently warranted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2330-1619
ISSN (online)	2330-1619
DOI	10.1002/mdc3.12682
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Article ; Online: A survey of neonatal tetanus at a district general hospital in north-east Nigeria.

Hassan, Bala / Popoola, Ayo / Olokoba, Abdulfatai / Salawu, Fatai K

Tropical doctor

2011 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–20

Abstract: Neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and a huge challenge in achieving the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals. We reviewed the morbidity and mortality pattern among neonates with NNT ... ...

Abstract	Neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and a huge challenge in achieving the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals. We reviewed the morbidity and mortality pattern among neonates with NNT admitted to the District General Hospital in north-east Nigeria from 2006 to 2009. Half of the patients were from rural areas and were delivered at home by untrained traditional birth attendants with no prior antenatal health care. Razor blades and scissors were the instruments used to cut the cord in nonhygienic conditions. Spasticity, lack of sucking, trismus, fever, omphalitis, risus sardonicus and opisthotonus were the most common presenting signs and symptoms. Overall, mortality was 56%. Health education of mothers and traditional birth attendants, the promotion of hospital delivery and antenatal tetanus immunization of all pregnant women, particularly in rural areas, are recommended if NNT is to be prevented.
MeSH term(s)	Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Hospitals, General/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Midwifery/education ; Midwifery/standards ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Prenatal Care ; Tetanus/epidemiology ; Tetanus/mortality ; Tetanus/physiopathology ; Tetanus/prevention & control ; Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Tetanus Toxoid
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193169-6
ISSN	1758-1133 ; 0049-4755
ISSN (online)	1758-1133
ISSN	0049-4755
DOI	10.1258/td.2010.100310
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Article ; Online: Risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigerians with chronic liver disease.

Olokoba, Abdulfatai B / Accama, Laraba A / Gashau, Wadzani / Salawu, Fatai K

Tropical doctor

2011 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 146–147

Abstract: Chronic liver disease is becoming a major public health problem in Nigeria and hepatitis C virus is becoming a significant causative factor in its aetiology worldwide and in Nigeria. We determined the risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatitis C ...

Abstract	Chronic liver disease is becoming a major public health problem in Nigeria and hepatitis C virus is becoming a significant causative factor in its aetiology worldwide and in Nigeria. We determined the risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigerians with chronic liver disease. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered in order to determine the risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection and a physical examination was carried out in order to determine the clinical presentation. Ninety patients with clinical, biochemical and sonographic evidence of chronic liver disease and 85 controls without liver disease were studied. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 14.4% and 2.4% of patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). The main risk factors were scarification, traditional surgery and blood transfusion. Ascites, jaundice, pedal swelling, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and splenomegaly were the main presentations.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Hepacivirus/pathogenicity ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/virology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; Liver Diseases/etiology ; Liver Diseases/pathology ; Liver Diseases/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Risk Factors ; Transfusion Reaction ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis C Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193169-6
ISSN	1758-1133 ; 0049-4755
ISSN (online)	1758-1133
ISSN	0049-4755
DOI	10.1258/td.2011.100378
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Article: Cognitive function in HIV-seropositive Nigerians without AIDS.

Salawu, Fatai K / Bwala, Sunday A / Wakil, Musa A / Bani, Bukar / Bukbuk, David N / Kida, Ibrahim

Journal of the neurological sciences

2008 Volume 267, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 142–146

Abstract: Studies of cognitive function in individuals with HIV infection who remain relatively asymptomatic have shown widely variable estimates of impairment in different races and countries. Limited data exist on the impact of early asymptomatic HIV infection ... ...

Abstract	Studies of cognitive function in individuals with HIV infection who remain relatively asymptomatic have shown widely variable estimates of impairment in different races and countries. Limited data exist on the impact of early asymptomatic HIV infection on cognition in developing nations, and indeed none from Nigeria. Hence, this cross-sectional study sets out to determine whether there are differences between Nigerian asymptomatic HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects, and whether such differences: if any, could be explained by the degree of immunosuppression (i.e. CD4 cell count). A selected population of 60 heterosexual asymptomatic treatment-naive HIV-positive subjects were administered the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D) to assess language, memory, registration, attention and calculation, recall, praxis and orientation. HIV positives differed from individually matched control subjects in certain measures of language expression, registration, attention and calculation, orientation to time, motor response and total CSI-D scores. The CD4 cell count of the HIV-seropositive subjects had no significant correlation with the cognitive test scores.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis ; AIDS Dementia Complex/physiopathology ; AIDS Dementia Complex/psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain/virology ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders/virology ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disability Evaluation ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology ; HIV Seropositivity/physiopathology ; HIV Seropositivity/psychology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Immunocompromised Host/immunology ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mental Processes/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80160-4
ISSN	1878-5883 ; 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
ISSN (online)	1878-5883
ISSN	0022-510X ; 0374-8642
DOI	10.1016/j.jns.2007.10.013
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital -based Nigerian doctors.

Desalu, Olufemi O / Busari, Olusegun A / Onyedum, Cajetan C / Salawu, Fatai K / Obateru, Olusegun A / Nwogu, Kelechukwu C / Salami, Alakija K

BMC pulmonary medicine

2009 Volume 9, Page(s) 50

Abstract: Background: Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret the results. No studies have assessed the knowledge of spirometry among Nigerian doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital-based Nigerian doctors. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 321 doctors working in Nigerian hospitals between March 2008 and June 2008. Information on knowledge, awareness, practice of and barriers to spirometry were obtained using a pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaire and the data were then analysed. Results: Of the 321 doctors that participated, 108 (33.6%) reported that they have good knowledge of spirometry. One hundred and ninety-five (60.7%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in aiding the diagnosis of respiratory diseases; 213(66.4%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in determining the severity of diseases. Medical school was the most common source of knowledge on spirometry (64.5%). Eighty-one (25.2%) doctors reported having a spirometer in their hospitals. Doctors having access to a spirometer used it more frequently for aiding the diagnosis of COPD (40.7% vs.27.5%) and for monitoring of asthma (18.5% vs.11.3%) than those without access to a spirometer. The doctors working in University Teaching Hospitals and Federal Medical Centres (FMC) (22.4% vs. 4.5%) and those having access to a spirometer (40.7 vs.11.3%) were very confident of interpreting spirometry results compared to those working in District and General Hospitals and without access to a spirometer. Irrespective of access to a spirometer or the type of hospital they were employed in, doctors reported that unavailability of a spirometer was the greatest barrier to its use (62.5%) followed by lack of awareness about its usefulness (17.2%). Conclusion: The knowledge and practice of spirometry were poor among hospital-based Nigerian doctors because of unavailability of spirometers in most hospitals. These findings have implications for further evaluation, planning and management of patient care in respiratory disease. Spirometers should be made available in all hospitals, and the knowledge of spirometry should be improved among doctors.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/diagnosis ; Lung Diseases/epidemiology ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology ; Spirometry/economics ; Spirometry/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059871-3
ISSN	1471-2466 ; 1471-2466
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
ISSN	1471-2466
DOI	10.1186/1471-2466-9-50
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Current Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Spirometry among Hospital -based Nigerian Doctors

Obateru Olusegun A / Salawu Fatai K / Onyedum Cajetan C / Busari Olusegun A / Desalu Olufemi O / Nwogu Kelechukwu C / Salami Alakija K

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

2009 Volume 50

Abstract: Abstract Background Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret the results. No studies have assessed the knowledge of spirometry among Nigerian doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital-based Nigerian doctors. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 321 doctors working in Nigerian hospitals between March 2008 and June 2008. Information on knowledge, awareness, practice of and barriers to spirometry were obtained using a pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaire and the data were then analysed. Results Of the 321 doctors that participated, 108 (33.6%) reported that they have good knowledge of spirometry. One hundred and ninety-five (60.7%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in aiding the diagnosis of respiratory diseases; 213(66.4%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in determining the severity of diseases. Medical school was the most common source of knowledge on spirometry (64.5%). Eighty-one (25.2%) doctors reported having a spirometer in their hospitals. Doctors having access to a spirometer used it more frequently for aiding the diagnosis of COPD (40.7% vs.27.5%) and for monitoring of asthma (18.5% vs.11.3%) than those without access to a spirometer. The doctors working in University Teaching Hospitals and Federal Medical Centres (FMC) (22.4% vs. 4.5%) and those having access to a spirometer (40.7 vs.11.3%) were very confident of interpreting spirometry results compared to those working in District and General Hospitals and without access to a spirometer. Irrespective of access to a spirometer or the type of hospital they were employed in, doctors reported that unavailability of a spirometer was the greatest barrier to its use (62.5%) followed by lack of awareness about its usefulness (17.2%). Conclusion The knowledge and practice of spirometry were poor among hospital-based Nigerian doctors because of unavailability of spirometers in most hospitals. These findings have implications for further evaluation, planning and management of patient care in respiratory disease. Spirometers should be made available in all hospitals, and the knowledge of spirometry should be improved among doctors.
Keywords	Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	027
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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