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Article: PMMA-b-PNIPAM Thin Films Display Cononsolvency-Driven Response in Mixed Water/Methanol Vapors

Geiger, Christina / Reitenbach, Julija / Kreuzer, Lucas P / Widmann, Tobias / Wang, Peixi / Cubitt, Robert / Henschel, Cristiane / Laschewsky, André / Papadakis, Christine M / Müller-Buschbaum, Peter

Macromolecules. 2021 Apr. 02, v. 54, no. 7

2021

Abstract: The swelling and solvation of 100–200 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block are investigated in mixed water/methanol vapors. The processes ... ...

Abstract	The swelling and solvation of 100–200 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block are investigated in mixed water/methanol vapors. The processes are followed in real time using spectral reflectance (SR), time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, applying two neutron scattering contrast variation sequences. After hydration in pure water vapor, the vapor composition (relative to a flow rate of 1 L/min ≙ 100%) is changed to 70% water (D₂O/H₂O) and 30% methanol (CH₃OH/CD₃OH). Upon the mixed vapor stimulus, a two-step response is found, in which an initially enhanced swelling of the films is followed by a contraction. Differences in the solvent exchange kinetics found in ToF-NR experiments coincide with characteristic changes in the FT-IR spectra. While the initially enhanced swelling of the films is driven by the absorption of methanol, the film contraction is related to the release of both solvents, with almost no further change in solvent composition. In analogy to the coil-to-globule transition encountered in the polymer solution, these film response characteristics are attributed to the cononsolvency behavior of PNIPAM in water/methanol mixtures.
Keywords	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; absorption ; composite polymers ; methanol ; neutrons ; reflectance ; reflectometry ; solvation ; solvents ; water vapor
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0402
Size	p. 3517-3530.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1491942-4
ISSN	1520-5835 ; 0024-9297
ISSN (online)	1520-5835
ISSN	0024-9297
DOI	10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00021
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: PMMA-b-PNIPAM Thin Films Display Cononsolvency-Driven Response in Mixed Water/Methanol Vapors

Geiger, Christina / Reitenbach, Julija / Kreuzer, Lucas P. / Widmann, Tobias / Wang, Peixi / Cubitt, Robert / Henschel, Cristiane / Laschewsky, Andre / Papadakis, Christine M. / Müller-Buschbaum, Peter

2021

Abstract: S.3517-3530 ... The swelling and solvation of 100-200 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block are investigated in mixed water/methanol vapors. ... ...

Abstract	S.3517-3530 The swelling and solvation of 100-200 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block are investigated in mixed water/methanol vapors. The processes are followed in real time using spectral reflectance (SR), time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, applying two neutron scattering contrast variation sequences. After hydration in pure water vapor, the vapor composition (relative to a flow rate of 1 L/min ≙ 100%) is changed to 70% water (D2O/H2O) and 30% methanol (CH3OH/CD3OH). Upon the mixed vapor stimulus, a two-step response is found, in which an initially enhanced swelling of the films is followed by a contraction. Differences in the solvent exchange kinetics found in ToF-NR experiments coincide with characteristic changes in the FT-IR spectra. While the initially enhanced swelling of the films is driven by the absorption of methanol, the film contraction is related to the release of both solvents, with almost no further change in solvent composition. In analogy to the coil-to-globule transition encountered in the polymer solution, these film response characteristics are attributed to the cononsolvency behavior of PNIPAM in water/methanol mixtures. 54 Nr.7
Keywords	thin film ; co-nonsolvency ; block copolymer ; thermo-responsive ; swelling ; lower ciritical solution temperature ; LCST ; 668 ; 547
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Wing pattern variation and DNA barcodes defy taxonomic splitting in the New Zealand Pimelea Looper Notoreas perornata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae): the importance of populations as conservation units.

Hoare, Robert J B / Patrick, Brian H / Buckley, Thomas R / Brav-Cubitt, Talia

Zootaxa

2023 Volume 5346, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–27

Abstract: The endemic Notoreas perornata (Walker, 1863) complex (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) from the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand is reviewed. Larvae feed on Pimelea spp. (Thymelaeaceae), frequently in highly fragmented and ... ...

Abstract	The endemic Notoreas perornata (Walker, 1863) complex (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) from the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand is reviewed. Larvae feed on Pimelea spp. (Thymelaeaceae), frequently in highly fragmented and threatened shrubland habitats. Allopatric populations tend to differ in size and wing pattern characteristics, but not in genitalia; moreover extensive variation renders recognition of subspecies / allopatric species based on any species concept problematic. A mitochondrial DNA gene tree is not congruent with morphology and indicates rapid recent divergence that has not settled into diagnosable lineages. Based on our results, we synonymise Notoreas simplex Hudson, 1898 with N. perornata (Walker, 1863), and retain N. perornata as a single, highly diverse but monotypic species. All known populations are illustrated to display variation. For conservation purposes, we recommend the continued recognition within the species of 10 populations or groups of populations that appear to be on the way to diverging at subspecific level based on morphological and/or DNA data. The conservation status of all these populations is reviewed. One conservation unit, comprising the populations from Westland, has not been seen since 1998 and is feared possibly extinct.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Lepidoptera/genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; New Zealand ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Moths/genetics ; Moths/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.5346.1.1
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Article ; Online: Models of acute care for injured older patients-Australia and New Zealand practice.

Cubitt, M / Braitberg, G / Curtis, K / Maier, A B

Injury

2022

Abstract: Introduction: The epidemiology of injured patients has changed, with an increasing predominance of severe injury and deaths in older (65 years and above) patients after low falls. There is little evidence of the models of care that optimise outcomes for ...

Abstract	Introduction: The epidemiology of injured patients has changed, with an increasing predominance of severe injury and deaths in older (65 years and above) patients after low falls. There is little evidence of the models of care that optimise outcomes for injured older patients. This study aims to describe clinician perspectives of existing models of acute care for injured older patients in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey of healthcare professionals (HCP) managing injured older patients in Australia or New Zealand hospitals was conducted between November 2nd and December 12th, 2020. Recruitment was via survey link and snowball sampling to professional organisations and special interest groups via email and social media. HCP were asked, using a Likert scale, how likely four typical case vignettes were to be admitted to one of twelve options for ongoing care. Additional questions explored usual care components. Results: Participants (n=157) were predominantly Australian medical professionals in a major trauma service (MTS) or metropolitan hospital. The most common age defining "geriatric" was aged 65 years and older (43%). HCP described variability in the models and components of acute care for older injured patients in Australia and New Zealand. As a component of care, cognitive, delirium and frailty screening are occurring (60%, 61%, 46%) with HCP from non-major trauma services (non-MTS) reporting frailty and cognitive impairment screening more likely to occur in the emergency department (ED). Access to an acute pain service was more likely in a MTS. Participants described poor likelihood of a geriatrician (highest 16%) or physician (highest 12%) review in ED CONCLUSION: Despite a low response rate, HCP in Australia and New Zealand describe variability in acute care pathways for injured older patients. Given the change in epidemiology of injury towards older patients with low force mechanisms, models of acute injury care should be evaluated to define a cost-effective model and components of care that optimise patient-centred outcomes relevant to injured older patients. HCP described some factors they perceive to determine care, and outcomes of variability, offering guidance for future research and resource allocation in the Australia and New Zealand trauma system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218778-4
ISSN	1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
ISSN (online)	1879-0267
ISSN	0020-1383
DOI	10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.060
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Zs.A 778: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Chaperonin TRiC/CCT Participates in Mammarenavirus Multiplication in Human Cells via Interaction with the Viral Nucleoprotein.

Sakabe, Saori / Witwit, Haydar / Khafaji, Roaa / Cubitt, Beatrice / de la Torre, Juan C

Journal of virology

2023 Volume 97, Issue 2, Page(s) e0168822

Abstract: The eukaryotic chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (CCT, also known as TCP-1 Ring Complex, TRiC/CCT) participates in the folding of 5% to 10% of the cellular proteome and has been involved in the life cycle of several ... ...

Abstract	The eukaryotic chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (CCT, also known as TCP-1 Ring Complex, TRiC/CCT) participates in the folding of 5% to 10% of the cellular proteome and has been involved in the life cycle of several viruses, including dengue, Zika, and influenza viruses, but the mechanisms by which the TRiC/CCT complex contributes to virus multiplication remain poorly understood. Here, we document that the nucleoprotein (NP) of the mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a substrate of the human TRiC/CCT complex, and that pharmacological inhibition of TRiC/CCT complex function, or RNAi-mediated knockdown of TRiC/CCT complex subunits, inhibited LCMV multiplication in human cells. We obtained evidence that the TRiC/CCT complex is required for the production of NP-containing virus-like particles (VLPs), and the activity of the virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) responsible for directing replication and transcription of the viral genome. Pharmacological inhibition of the TRIC/CCT complex also restricted multiplication of the live-attenuated vaccine candidates Candid#1 and ML29 of the hemorrhagic fever causing Junin (JUNV) and Lassa (LASV) mammarenaviruses, respectively. Our findings indicate that the TRiC/CCT complex is required for mammarenavirus multiplication and is an attractive candidate for the development of host directed antivirals against human-pathogenic mammarenaviruses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antiviral Agents ; Chaperonin Containing TCP-1/metabolism ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Nucleoproteins ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Nucleoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.01688-22
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Article ; Online: Towards near-term quantum simulation of materials.

Clinton, Laura / Cubitt, Toby / Flynn, Brian / Gambetta, Filippo Maria / Klassen, Joel / Montanaro, Ashley / Piddock, Stephen / Santos, Raul A / Sheridan, Evan

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 211

Abstract: Determining the ground and excited state properties of materials is considered one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. On near-term hardware, the limiting constraint on such simulations is the requisite circuit depths and qubit ... ...

Abstract	Determining the ground and excited state properties of materials is considered one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. On near-term hardware, the limiting constraint on such simulations is the requisite circuit depths and qubit numbers, which currently lie well beyond near-term capabilities. Here we develop a quantum algorithm which reduces the estimated cost of material simulations. For example, we obtain a circuit depth improvement by up to 6 orders of magnitude for a Trotter layer of time-dynamics simulation in the transition-metal oxide SrVO
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-43479-6
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Article ; Online: Molecular Engineering of a Mammarenavirus with Unbreachable Attenuation.

Sakabe, Saori / Cubitt, Beatrice / Martinez-Sobrido, Luis / de la Torre, Juan C

Journal of virology

2022 Volume 97, Issue 1, Page(s) e0138522

Abstract: Several mammarenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose important public health problems in their regions of endemicity. There are no United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mammarenavirus vaccines, ... ...

Abstract	Several mammarenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose important public health problems in their regions of endemicity. There are no United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mammarenavirus vaccines, and current anti-mammarenavirus therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that has limited efficacy. Mammarenaviruses are enveloped viruses with a bi-segmented negative-strand RNA genome. Each genome segment contains two open reading frames (ORF) separated by a noncoding intergenic region (IGR). The large (L) segment encodes the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, L protein, and the Z matrix protein, whereas the small (S) segment encodes the surface glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and nucleoprotein (NP). In the present study, we document the generation of a recombinant form of the prototypic mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) expressing a codon deoptimized (CD) GPC and containing the IGR of the S segment in both the S and L segments (rLCMV/IGR-CD). We show that rLCMV/IGR-CD is fully attenuated in C57BL/6 (B6) mice but able to provide complete protection upon a single administration against a lethal challenge with LCMV. Importantly, rLCMV/IGR-CD exhibited an unbreachable attenuation for its safe implementation as a live-attenuated vaccine (LAV).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Codon/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/genetics ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Genetic Engineering ; Viral Vaccines ; Vaccine Development
Chemical Substances	Codon ; DNA, Intergenic ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.01385-22
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Zs.A 609: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib inhibits multiple steps of the mammarenavirus life cycle.

Mizuma, Keita / Takashima, Ayako / Cubitt, Beatrice / de la Torre, Juan C / Iwasaki, Masaharu

Virology

2022 Volume 576, Page(s) 83–95

Abstract: The mammarenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) causes a life-threatening acute febrile disease, Lassa fever (LF). To date, no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed medical countermeasures against LASV are available. This underscores the need for the ... ...

Abstract	The mammarenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) causes a life-threatening acute febrile disease, Lassa fever (LF). To date, no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed medical countermeasures against LASV are available. This underscores the need for the development of novel anti-LASV drugs. Here, we screen an FDA-approved drug library to identify novel anti-LASV drug candidates using an infectious-free cell line expressing a functional LASV ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), where levels of vRNP-directed reporter gene expression serve as a surrogate for vRNP activity. Our screen identified the pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib as a potent inhibitor of LASV vRNP activity. Afatinib inhibited multiplication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) a mammarenavirus closely related to LASV. Cell-based assays revealed that afatinib inhibited multiple steps of the LASV and LCMV life cycles. Afatinib also inhibited multiplication of Junín virus vaccine strain Candid#1, indicating that afatinib can have antiviral activity against a broad range of human pathogenic mammarenaviruses.
MeSH term(s)	Chlorocebus aethiops ; Animals ; Humans ; Arenaviridae ; Afatinib ; Vero Cells ; Lassa virus/genetics ; Lassa Fever ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Afatinib (41UD74L59M) ; Antiviral Agents ; Ribonucleoproteins ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.005
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Article ; Online: Activation of protein kinase receptor (PKR) plays a pro-viral role in mammarenavirus-infected cells.

Witwit, Haydar / Khafaji, Roaa / Salaniwal, Arul / Kim, Arthur S / Cubitt, Beatrice / Jackson, Nathaniel / Ye, Chengjin / Weiss, Susan R / Martinez-Sobrido, Luis / de la Torre, Juan Carlos

Journal of virology

2024 Volume 98, Issue 3, Page(s) e0188323

Abstract: Many viruses, including mammarenaviruses, have evolved mechanisms to counteract different components of the host cell innate immunity, which is required to facilitate robust virus multiplication. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor protein kinase ... ...

Abstract	Many viruses, including mammarenaviruses, have evolved mechanisms to counteract different components of the host cell innate immunity, which is required to facilitate robust virus multiplication. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor protein kinase receptor (PKR) pathway plays a critical role in the cell anti-viral response. Whether PKR can restrict the multiplication of the Old World mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the mechanisms by which LCMV may counteract the anti-viral functions of PKR have not yet been investigated. Here we present evidence that LCMV infection results in very limited levels of PKR activation, but LCMV multiplication is enhanced in the absence of PKR. In contrast, infection with a recombinant LCMV with a mutation affecting the 3'-5' exonuclease (ExoN) activity of the viral nucleoprotein resulted in robust PKR activation in the absence of detectable levels of dsRNA, which was associated with severely restricted virus multiplication that was alleviated in the absence of PKR. However, pharmacological inhibition of PKR activation resulted in reduced levels of LCMV multiplication. These findings uncovered a complex role of the PKR pathway in LCMV-infected cells involving both pro- and anti-viral activities.IMPORTANCEAs with many other viruses, the prototypic Old World mammarenavirus LCMV can interfere with the host cell innate immune response to infection, which includes the dsRNA sensor PKR pathway. A detailed understanding of LCMV-PKR interactions can provide novel insights about mammarenavirus-host cell interactions and facilitate the development of effective anti-viral strategies against human pathogenic mammarenaviruses. In the present work, we present evidence that LCMV multiplication is enhanced in PKR-deficient cells, but pharmacological inhibition of PKR activation unexpectedly resulted in severely restricted propagation of LCMV. Likewise, we document a robust PKR activation in LCMV-infected cells in the absence of detectable levels of dsRNA. Our findings have revealed a complex role of the PKR pathway during LCMV infection and uncovered the activation of PKR as a druggable target for the development of anti-viral drugs against human pathogenic mammarenaviruses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Arenaviridae/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ; Antiviral Agents ; eIF-2 Kinase/genetics ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Carrier Proteins ; Antiviral Agents ; eIF-2 Kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.01883-23
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Zs.A 609: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Fast-tracking bespoke DNA reference database generation from museum collections for biomonitoring and conservation.

Dopheide, Andrew / Brav-Cubitt, Talia / Podolyan, Anastasija / Leschen, Richard A B / Ward, Darren / Buckley, Thomas R / Dhami, Manpreet K

Molecular ecology resources

2022

Abstract: Despite recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, a lack of locally relevant DNA reference databases limits the potential for DNA-based monitoring of biodiversity for conservation and biosecurity applications. Museums and national ... ...

Abstract	Despite recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, a lack of locally relevant DNA reference databases limits the potential for DNA-based monitoring of biodiversity for conservation and biosecurity applications. Museums and national collections represent a compelling source of authoritatively identified genetic material for DNA database development, yet obtaining DNA barcodes from long-stored specimens may be difficult due to sample degradation. Here we demonstrate a sensitive and efficient laboratory and bioinformatic process for generating DNA barcodes from hundreds of invertebrate specimens simultaneously via the Illumina MiSeq system. Using this process, we recovered full-length (334) or partial (105) COI barcodes from 439 of 450 (98%) national collection-held invertebrate specimens. This included full-length barcodes from 146 specimens which produced low-yield DNA and no visible PCR bands, and which produced as little as a single sequence per specimen, demonstrating high sensitivity of the process. In many cases, the identity of the most abundant sequences per specimen were not the correct barcodes, necessitating the development of a taxonomy-informed process for identifying correct sequences among the sequencing output. The recovery of only partial barcodes for some taxa indicates a need to refine certain PCR primers. Nonetheless, our approach represents a highly sensitive, accurate and efficient method for targeted reference database generation, providing a foundation for DNA-based assessments and monitoring of biodiversity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2406833-0
ISSN	1755-0998 ; 1755-098X
ISSN (online)	1755-0998
ISSN	1755-098X
DOI	10.1111/1755-0998.13733
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