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  1. Article ; Online: Immune Cell Profiling and Risk Stratification: Cast a Wider Net.

    Hammond, M Elizabeth H

    JACC. Basic to translational science

    2020  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 341–343

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2452-302X
    ISSN (online) 2452-302X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Evidence of autoinflammation as a principal mechanism of myocardial injury in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive medical examiner cases.

    Hammond, Margo E / Christensen, Erik D / Belenky, Michael / Snow, Gregory L / Shah, Kevin / Hammond, M Elizabeth H

    Diagnostic pathology

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 114

    Abstract: Background: Disease from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Many patients infected with this virus develop later cardiovascular complications including myocardial ...

    Abstract Background: Disease from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Many patients infected with this virus develop later cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarctions, stroke, arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (20-28%). The purpose of this study is to understand the primary mechanism of myocardial injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
    Methods: We investigated a consecutive cohort of 48 medical examiner cases who died with PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 (COVpos) infection in 2020. We compared them to a consecutive cohort of 46 age- and sex-matched controls who were PCR-negative for SARS-CoV-2 (COVneg). Clinical information available at postmortem examination was reviewed on each patient. Formalin-fixed sections were examined using antibodies directed against CD42 (platelets), CD15 (myeloid cells), CD68 (monocytes), C4d, fibrin, CD34 (stem cell antigen), CD56 (natural killer cells), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)). We used a Welch 2-sample T-test to determine significance. A cluster analysis of marker distribution was also done.
    Results: We found a significant difference between COVpos and COVneg samples for CD42, CD15, CD68, C4d, fibrin, and MPO, all of which were significant at p < 0.001. The most prominent features were neutrophils (CD15, MPO) and MPO-positive debris suggestive of NETs. A similar distribution of platelets, monocytes, fibrin and C4d was seen in COVpos cases. Clinical features were similar in COVpos and COVneg cases for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).
    Conclusion: These findings suggest an autoinflammatory process is likely involved in cardiac damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection. No information about clinical cardiac disease was available.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Fibrin ; COVID-19 Testing
    Chemical Substances Fibrin (9001-31-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2210518-9
    ISSN 1746-1596 ; 1746-1596
    ISSN (online) 1746-1596
    ISSN 1746-1596
    DOI 10.1186/s13000-023-01397-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Bias in Medicine: Lessons Learned and Mitigation Strategies.

    Hammond, M Elizabeth H / Stehlik, Josef / Drakos, Stavros G / Kfoury, Abdallah G

    JACC. Basic to translational science

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 78–85

    Abstract: Cognitive bias consists of systematic errors in thinking due to human processing limitations or inappropriate mental models. Cognitive bias occurs when intuitive thinking is used to reach conclusions about information rather than analytic (mindful) ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive bias consists of systematic errors in thinking due to human processing limitations or inappropriate mental models. Cognitive bias occurs when intuitive thinking is used to reach conclusions about information rather than analytic (mindful) thinking. Scientific progress is delayed when bias influences the dissemination of new scientific knowledge, as it has with the role of human leucocyte antigen antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation. Mitigating strategies can be successful but involve concerted action by investigators, peer reviewers, and editors to consider how we think as well as what we think.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2452-302X
    ISSN (online) 2452-302X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.07.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Donor Age, Sex, and Cause of Death and Their Relationship to Heart Transplant Recipient Cardiac Death.

    Hammond, Margo E / Zollinger, Charles / Vidic, Andrija / Snow, Gregory L / Stehlik, Joseph / Alharethi, Rami A / Kfoury, Abdallah G / Drakos, Stavros / Hammond, M Elizabeth H

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 24

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies indicate that donor innate immune responses participate in initiating and accelerating innate responses and allorecognition in the recipient. These immune responses negatively affect recipient outcomes and predispose ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies indicate that donor innate immune responses participate in initiating and accelerating innate responses and allorecognition in the recipient. These immune responses negatively affect recipient outcomes and predispose recipients to cardiovascular death (CV death). We hypothesized that a donor cause of death (COD) associated with higher levels of innate immune response would predispose recipients to more adverse outcomes post-transplant, including CV death.
    Methods: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis comparing donor characteristics and COD to recipient adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We analyzed the medical records of local adult donors (age 18-64) in a database of donors where adequate data was available. Donor age was available on 706 donors; donor sex was available on 730 donors. We linked donor characteristics (age and sex) and COD to recipient CV death. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, the log-rank test of differences, and Tukey contrast.
    Results: Donor age, female sex, and COD of intracranial hemorrhage were significantly associated with a higher incidence of recipient CV death.
    Conclusions: In this single institution study, we found that recipients with hearts from donors over 40 years, donors who were female, or donors who died with a COD of intracranial hemorrhage had a higher frequency of CV death. Donor monitoring and potential treatment of innate immune activation may decrease subsequent recipient innate responses and allorecognition stimulated by donor-derived inflammatory signaling, which leads to adverse outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12247629
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: In Reply.

    Hammond, M Elizabeth H / Hicks, David G

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    2016  Volume 140, Issue 8, Page(s) 741

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    DOI 10.5858/arpa.2016-0105-LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Donor Age, Sex, and Cause of Death and Their Relationship to Heart Transplant Recipient Cardiac Death

    Margo E. Hammond / Charles Zollinger / Andrija Vidic / Gregory L. Snow / Joseph Stehlik / Rami A. Alharethi / Abdallah G. Kfoury / Stavros Drakos / M Elizabeth H. Hammond

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 24, p

    2023  Volume 7629

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies indicate that donor innate immune responses participate in initiating and accelerating innate responses and allorecognition in the recipient. These immune responses negatively affect recipient outcomes and predispose recipients ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies indicate that donor innate immune responses participate in initiating and accelerating innate responses and allorecognition in the recipient. These immune responses negatively affect recipient outcomes and predispose recipients to cardiovascular death (CV death). We hypothesized that a donor cause of death (COD) associated with higher levels of innate immune response would predispose recipients to more adverse outcomes post-transplant, including CV death. Methods: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis comparing donor characteristics and COD to recipient adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We analyzed the medical records of local adult donors (age 18–64) in a database of donors where adequate data was available. Donor age was available on 706 donors; donor sex was available on 730 donors. We linked donor characteristics (age and sex) and COD to recipient CV death. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, the log-rank test of differences, and Tukey contrast. Results: Donor age, female sex, and COD of intracranial hemorrhage were significantly associated with a higher incidence of recipient CV death. Conclusions: In this single institution study, we found that recipients with hearts from donors over 40 years, donors who were female, or donors who died with a COD of intracranial hemorrhage had a higher frequency of CV death. Donor monitoring and potential treatment of innate immune activation may decrease subsequent recipient innate responses and allorecognition stimulated by donor-derived inflammatory signaling, which leads to adverse outcomes.
    Keywords innate immunity ; intracranial hemorrhage ; heart transplantation ; donor factors ; antibody mediated rejection ; cardiovascular death ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Impact of blood factors on endothelial cell metabolism and function in two diverse heart failure models.

    Song, Young / Leem, Joseph / Dhanani, Mehul / McKirnan, M Dan / Ichikawa, Yasuhiro / Braza, Julie / Harrington, Elizabeth O / Hammond, H Kirk / Roth, David M / Patel, Hemal H

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e0281550

    Abstract: ... and necrosis were increased in cells incubated with Dauno-HF plasma for 24 h. Down-regulation ...

    Abstract Role of blood-based factors in development and progression of heart failure (HF) is poorly characterized. Blood contains factors released during pathophysiological states that may impact cellular function and provide mechanistic insights to HF management. We tested effects of blood from two distinct HF models on cardiac metabolism and identified possible cellular targets of the effects. Blood plasma was obtained from daunorubicin- and myocardial infarction-induced HF rabbits (Dauno-HF and MI-HF) and their controls (Dauno-Control and MI-Control). Effects of plasma on bioenergetics of myocardial tissue from healthy mice and cellular cardiac components were assessed using high-resolution respirometry and Seahorse flux analyzer. Since endothelial cell respiration was profoundly affected by HF plasma, effects of plasma on endothelial cell barrier function and death were further evaluated. Western-blotting and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate mitochondrial proteins and morphology. Brief exposure to HF plasma decreased cardiac tissue respiration. Endothelial cell respiration was most impacted by exposure to HF plasma. Endothelial cell monolayer integrity was decreased by incubation with Dauno-HF plasma. Apoptosis and necrosis were increased in cells incubated with Dauno-HF plasma for 24 h. Down-regulation of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC)-1, translocase of outer membrane 20 (Tom20), and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in cells exposed to Dauno-HF plasma and mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and MFF in cells exposed to MI-HF plasma were observed. Mitochondrial structure was disrupted in cells exposed to HF plasma. These findings indicate that endothelial cells and mitochondrial structure and function may be primary target where HF pathology manifests and accelerates. High-throughput blood-based screening of HF may provide innovative ways to advance disease diagnosis and management.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Rabbits ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism ; Heart Failure ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0281550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer.

    Wolff, Antonio C / Somerfield, Mark R / Dowsett, Mitchell / Hammond, M Elizabeth H / Hayes, Daniel F / McShane, Lisa M / Saphner, Thomas J / Spears, Patricia A / Allison, Kimberly H

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    2023  Volume 147, Issue 9, Page(s) 993–1000

    Abstract: Purpose.—: To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology-College of American Pathologists (ASCO-CAP) recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer. An Update Panel is aware that a new generation of ... ...

    Abstract Purpose.—: To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology-College of American Pathologists (ASCO-CAP) recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer. An Update Panel is aware that a new generation of antibody-drug conjugates targeting the HER2 protein is active against breast cancers that lack protein overexpression or gene amplification.
    Methods.—: The Update Panel conducted a systematic literature review to identify signals for updating recommendations.
    Results.—: The search identified 173 abstracts. Of 5 potential publications reviewed, none constituted a signal for revising existing recommendations.
    Recommendations.—: The 2018 ASCO-CAP recommendations for HER2 testing are affirmed.
    Discussion.—: HER2 testing guidelines have focused on identifying HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification in breast cancer to identify patients for therapies that disrupt HER2 signaling. This update acknowledges a new indication for trastuzumab deruxtecan when HER2 is not overexpressed or amplified but is immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or 2+ without amplification by in situ hybridization. Clinical trial data on tumors that tested IHC 0 are limited (excluded from DESTINY-Breast04), and evidence is lacking that these cancers behave differently or do not respond similarly to newer HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. Although current data do not support a new IHC 0 versus 1+ prognostic or predictive threshold for response to trastuzumab deruxtecan, this threshold is now relevant because of the trial entry criteria that supported its new regulatory approval. Therefore, although it is premature to create new result categories of HER2 expression (eg, HER2-Low, HER2-Ultra-Low), best practices to distinguish IHC 0 from 1+ are now clinically relevant. This update affirms prior HER2 reporting recommendations and offers a new HER2 testing reporting comment to highlight the current relevance of IHC 0 versus 1+ results and best practice recommendations to distinguish these often subtle differences. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    DOI 10.5858/arpa.2023-0950-SA
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: ASCO-College of American Pathologists Guideline Update.

    Wolff, Antonio C / Somerfield, Mark R / Dowsett, Mitchell / Hammond, M Elizabeth H / Hayes, Daniel F / McShane, Lisa M / Saphner, Thomas J / Spears, Patricia A / Allison, Kimberly H

    Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 22, Page(s) 3867–3872

    Abstract: Purpose: To update ASCO-College of American Pathologists (CAP) recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer. The Panel is aware that a new generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting the HER2 ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To update ASCO-College of American Pathologists (CAP) recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer. The Panel is aware that a new generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting the HER2 protein is active against breast cancers that lack protein overexpression or gene amplification.
    Methods: An Update Panel conducted a systematic literature review to identify signals for updating recommendations.
    Results: The search identified 173 abstracts. Of five potential publications reviewed, none constituted a signal for revising existing recommendations.
    Recommendations: The 2018 ASCO-CAP recommendations for HER2 testing are affirmed.
    Discussion: HER2 testing guidelines have focused on identifying HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification in breast cancer to identify patients for therapies that disrupt HER2 signaling. This update acknowledges a new indication for trastuzumab deruxtecan when HER2 is not overexpressed or amplified but is immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or 2+ without amplification by in situ hybridization. Clinical trial data on tumors that tested IHC 0 are limited (excluded from DESTINY-Breast04), and evidence is lacking that these cancers behave differently or do not respond similarly to newer HER2 ADCs. Although current data do not support a new IHC 0 versus 1+ prognostic or predictive threshold for response to trastuzumab deruxtecan, this threshold is now relevant because of the trial entry criteria that supported its new regulatory approval. Therefore, while it is premature to create new result categories of HER2 expression (eg, HER2-Low, HER2-Ultra-Low), best practices to distinguish IHC 0 from 1+ are now clinically relevant. This Update affirms prior HER2 reporting recommendations and offers a new HER2 testing reporting comment to highlight the current relevance of IHC 0 versus 1+ results and best practice recommendations to distinguish these often subtle differences.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods ; Pathologists ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
    Chemical Substances ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604914-x
    ISSN 1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
    ISSN (online) 1527-7755
    ISSN 0732-183X
    DOI 10.1200/JCO.22.02864
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: An Overview of Clinical Development of Agents for Metastatic or Advanced Breast Cancer Without ERBB2 Amplification (HER2-Low).

    Prat, Aleix / Bardia, Aditya / Curigliano, Giuseppe / Hammond, M Elizabeth H / Loibl, Sibylle / Tolaney, Sara M / Viale, Giuseppe

    JAMA oncology

    2022  

    Abstract: Importance: Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]) is an important prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. Anti-ERBB2 therapies have improved outcomes in ERBB2-positive breast ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]) is an important prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. Anti-ERBB2 therapies have improved outcomes in ERBB2-positive breast cancer. However, based on current definitions, tumors with low ERBB2 expression are included in the ERBB2-negative subtype, and therefore, are ineligible for anti-ERBB2 therapies; patients with ERBB2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1 positive [+] or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] negative [-]) tumors account for up to approximately 50% of breast cancer cases. Although the prognostic role of ERBB2-low needs to be defined, ERBB2 offers a potential therapeutic target in these patients.
    Observations: Most breast cancer tumors have some ERBB2 expression, with ERBB2-low being more common in hormone receptor-positive than in hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Although an early clinical study failed to demonstrate benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab for ERBB2-low disease, several novel anti-ERBB2 therapies have shown efficacy in ERBB2-low breast cancer, including the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in a phase 3 trial, and trastuzumab duocarmazine and the bispecific antibody zenocutuzumab in early-phase studies. Although reports are conflicting, some differences in biology and patient outcomes have been found between ERBB2-low and ERBB2 IHC-0 breast cancer. Currently, no established guidelines exist for scoring ERBB2-low expression in breast cancer because the focus has been on binary classification as ERBB2-positive or ERBB2-negative. Additional interpretive cutoffs may be needed to select patients for treatment with effective agents in ERBB2-low breast cancer, along with standardized laboratory quality assurance programs to ensure consistent patient identification for eligibility for ERBB2-low targeting agents.
    Conclusions and relevance: This review suggests that ERBB2-low may be a distinct, clinically relevant breast cancer entity warranting reassessment of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms. Ongoing clinical trials and further investigations may provide optimized strategies for diagnosing and treating ERBB2-low breast cancer, including reproducible, consistent definitions to identify patients in this diagnostic category and demonstration of benefits of emerging therapies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2374-2445
    ISSN (online) 2374-2445
    DOI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.4175
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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