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Article: Limits of the detection of microplastics in fish tissue using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.

Floess, Moritz / Fagotto-Kaufmann, Marie / Gall, Andrea / Steinle, Tobias / Ehrlich, Ingrid / Giessen, Harald

2024 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 1528–1539

Abstract: We demonstrate the detection sensitivity of microplastic beads within fish tissue using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. The intrinsically provided chemical contrast distinguishes different types of plastic compounds within fish tissue. We ... ...

Abstract	We demonstrate the detection sensitivity of microplastic beads within fish tissue using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. The intrinsically provided chemical contrast distinguishes different types of plastic compounds within fish tissue. We study the size-dependent signal-to-noise ratio of the microplastic beads and determine a lower boundary for the detectable size. Our findings demonstrate how SRS microscopy can serve as a complementary modality to conventional Raman scattering imaging in order to detect and identify microplastic particles in fish tissue.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.519561
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Article: Elucidating Local Structure and Positional Effect of Dopants in Colloidal Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Catalytic Hydrogenolysis.

Farrell, Steven L / Khwaja, Mersal / Paredes, Ingrid J / Oyuela, Christopher / Clarke, William / Osinski, Noah / Ebrahim, Amani M / Paul, Shlok J / Kannan, Haripriya / Mo Lnås, Håvard / Ma, Lu / Ehrlich, Steven N / Liu, Xiangyu / Riedo, Elisa / Rangarajan, Srinivas / Frenkel, Anatoly I / Sahu, Ayaskanta

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces

2024 Volume 128, Issue 11, Page(s) 4470–4482

Abstract: Tailoring nanoscale catalysts to targeted applications is a vital component in reducing the carbon footprint of industrial processes; however, understanding and controlling the nanostructure influence on catalysts is challenging. Molybdenum disulfide ( ... ...

Abstract	Tailoring nanoscale catalysts to targeted applications is a vital component in reducing the carbon footprint of industrial processes; however, understanding and controlling the nanostructure influence on catalysts is challenging. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-7447
ISSN	1932-7447
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07408
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Article ; Online: Studying Neuronal Function Ex Vivo Using Optogenetic Stimulation and Patch Clamp.

Aksoy-Aksel, Ayla / Genty, Julien / Zeller, Martin / Ehrlich, Ingrid

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2020 Volume 2173, Page(s) 1–20

Abstract: Optogenetics has become a key method to interrogate the function of neural populations and circuits in the brain. This technique combines the targeted expression of light-activated proteins with subsequent manipulation of neural activity by light. Opsins ...

Abstract	Optogenetics has become a key method to interrogate the function of neural populations and circuits in the brain. This technique combines the targeted expression of light-activated proteins with subsequent manipulation of neural activity by light. Opsins such as Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which is a light-gated cation-channel, can be fused to or coexpressed with fluorescent proteins to allow for visualization and concurrent activation of neurons and their axonal projections. Via stereotaxic delivery of viral vectors, ChR2 can be constitutively or conditionally expressed in specific neurons in defined brain regions. Subsequently, identified axonal projections can be studied functionally ex vivo in combination with patch-clamp recordings in brain slices. This optogenetic mapping of neural circuitry has enabled the identification and characterization of novel synaptic connections and the detailed investigation of known anatomical connections previously not amenable with electrical stimulation techniques. Here, we describe a protocol for investigating functional properties of local and long-range connectivity in the brain using blue-light activated ChR2 variants and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute brain slices.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Channelrhodopsins/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Optogenetics/methods ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology
Chemical Substances	Channelrhodopsins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_1
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Article: Fear Memory Retrieval Is Associated With a Reduction in AMPA Receptor Density at Thalamic to Amygdala Intercalated Cell Synapses.

Seewald, Anna / Schönherr, Sabine / Hörtnagl, Heide / Ehrlich, Ingrid / Schmuckermair, Claudia / Ferraguti, Francesco

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience

2021 Volume 13, Page(s) 634558

Abstract: The amygdala plays a crucial role in attaching emotional significance to environmental cues. Its intercalated cell masses (ITC) are tight clusters of GABAergic neurons, which are distributed around the basolateral amygdala complex. Distinct ITC clusters ... ...

Abstract	The amygdala plays a crucial role in attaching emotional significance to environmental cues. Its intercalated cell masses (ITC) are tight clusters of GABAergic neurons, which are distributed around the basolateral amygdala complex. Distinct ITC clusters are involved in the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear responses. Previously, we have shown that fear memory retrieval reduces the AMPA/NMDA ratio at thalamic afferents to ITC neurons within the dorsal medio-paracapsular cluster. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the fear-mediated reduction in the AMPA/NMDA ratio at these synapses and, in particular, whether specific changes in the synaptic density of AMPA receptors underlie the observed change. To this aim, we used a detergent-digested freeze-fracture replica immunolabeling technique (FRIL) approach that enables to visualize the spatial distribution of intrasynaptic AMPA receptors at high resolution. AMPA receptors were detected using an antibody raised against an epitope common to all AMPA subunits. To visualize thalamic inputs, we virally transduced the posterior thalamic complex with Channelrhodopsin 2-YFP, which is anterogradely transported along axons. Using face-matched replica, we confirmed that the postsynaptic elements were ITC neurons due to their prominent expression of μ-opioid receptors. With this approach, we show that, following auditory fear conditioning in mice, the formation and retrieval of fear memory is linked to a significant reduction in the density of AMPA receptors, particularly at spine synapses formed by inputs of the posterior intralaminar thalamic and medial geniculate nuclei onto identified ITC neurons. Our study is one of the few that has directly linked the regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking to memory processes in identified neuronal networks, by showing that fear-memory induced reduction in AMPA/NMDA ratio at thalamic-ITC synapses is associated with a reduced postsynaptic AMPA receptor density.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592086-8
ISSN	1663-3563
ISSN	1663-3563
DOI	10.3389/fnsyn.2021.634558
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Article ; Online: Midbrain dopaminergic inputs gate amygdala intercalated cell clusters by distinct and cooperative mechanisms in male mice.

Aksoy-Aksel, Ayla / Gall, Andrea / Seewald, Anna / Ferraguti, Francesco / Ehrlich, Ingrid

eLife

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in associative learning, including fear and extinction learning. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons encode prediction error-like signals when threats differ from expectations. Within the amygdala, GABAergic ... ...

Abstract	Dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in associative learning, including fear and extinction learning. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons encode prediction error-like signals when threats differ from expectations. Within the amygdala, GABAergic intercalated cell (ITC) clusters receive one of the densest dopaminergic projections, but their physiological consequences are incompletely understood. ITCs are important for fear extinction, a function thought to be supported by activation of ventromedial ITCs that inhibit central amygdala fear output. In mice, we reveal two distinct novel mechanisms by which mesencephalic dopaminergic afferents control ITCs. Firstly, they co-release GABA to mediate rapid, direct inhibition. Secondly, dopamine suppresses inhibitory interactions between distinct ITC clusters via presynaptic D1 receptors. Early extinction training augments both GABA co-release onto dorsomedial ITCs and dopamine-mediated suppression of dorso- to ventromedial inhibition between ITC clusters. These findings provide novel insights into dopaminergic mechanisms shaping the activity balance between distinct ITC clusters that could support their opposing roles in fear behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials ; Amygdala/cytology ; Amygdala/metabolism ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/physiology ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology ; Mesencephalon/metabolism ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Inhibition ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Dopamine D1 ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.63708
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Article ; Online: Sleep supports cued fear extinction memory consolidation independent of circadian phase.

Melo, Irene / Ehrlich, Ingrid

Neurobiology of learning and memory

2016 Volume 132, Page(s) 9–17

Abstract: Sleep promotes memory, particularly for declarative learning. However, its role in non-declarative, emotional memories is less well understood. Some studies suggest that sleep may influence fear-related memories, and thus may be an important factor ... ...

Abstract	Sleep promotes memory, particularly for declarative learning. However, its role in non-declarative, emotional memories is less well understood. Some studies suggest that sleep may influence fear-related memories, and thus may be an important factor determining the outcome of treatments for emotional disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Here, we investigated the effect of sleep deprivation and time of day on fear extinction memory consolidation. Mice were subjected to a cued Pavlovian fear and extinction paradigm at the beginning of their resting or active phase. Immediate post-extinction learning sleep deprivation for 5h compromised extinction memory when tested 24h after learning. Context-dependent extinction memory recall was completely prevented by sleep-manipulation during the resting phase, while impairment was milder during the active phase and extinction memory retained its context-specificity. Importantly, control experiments excluded confounding factors such as differences in baseline locomotion, fear generalization and stress hormone levels. Together, our findings indicate that post-learning sleep supports cued fear extinction memory consolidation in both circadian phases. The lack of correlation between memory efficacy and sleep time suggests that extinction memory may be influenced by specific sleep events in the early consolidation period.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223366-3
ISSN	1095-9564 ; 1074-7427
ISSN (online)	1095-9564
ISSN	1074-7427
DOI	10.1016/j.nlm.2016.04.007
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Article ; Online: Midbrain dopaminergic inputs gate amygdala intercalated cell clusters by distinct and cooperative mechanisms in male mice

Ayla Aksoy-Aksel / Andrea Gall / Anna Seewald / Francesco Ferraguti / Ingrid Ehrlich

eLife, Vol

2021 Volume 10

Abstract	Dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in associative learning, including fear and extinction learning. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons encode prediction error-like signals when threats differ from expectations. Within the amygdala, GABAergic intercalated cell (ITC) clusters receive one of the densest dopaminergic projections, but their physiological consequences are incompletely understood. ITCs are important for fear extinction, a function thought to be supported by activation of ventromedial ITCs that inhibit central amygdala fear output. In mice, we reveal two distinct novel mechanisms by which mesencephalic dopaminergic afferents control ITCs. Firstly, they co-release GABA to mediate rapid, direct inhibition. Secondly, dopamine suppresses inhibitory interactions between distinct ITC clusters via presynaptic D1 receptors. Early extinction training augments both GABA co-release onto dorsomedial ITCs and dopamine-mediated suppression of dorso- to ventromedial inhibition between ITC clusters. These findings provide novel insights into dopaminergic mechanisms shaping the activity balance between distinct ITC clusters that could support their opposing roles in fear behavior.
Keywords	dopamine ; amygdala ; extinction ; intercalated neurons ; GABA ; corelease ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Consideration of pathways for immunotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Ehrlich, Veronika / Bil, Wieneke / Vandebriel, Rob / Granum, Berit / Luijten, Mirjam / Lindeman, Birgitte / Grandjean, Philippe / Kaiser, Andreas-Marius / Hauzenberger, Ingrid / Hartmann, Christina / Gundacker, Claudia / Uhl, Maria

Environmental health : a global access science source

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 19

Abstract: Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of public health concern, because of their ubiquitous and extremely persistent occurrence, and depending on their structure, their bio-accumulative, mobile and toxic properties. Human health ... ...

Abstract	Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of public health concern, because of their ubiquitous and extremely persistent occurrence, and depending on their structure, their bio-accumulative, mobile and toxic properties. Human health effects associated with exposure to PFAS include adverse effects on the immune system. In 2020, EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) defined adverse effects on the immune system as the most critical effect for human health risk assessment, based on reduced antibody responses to childhood vaccines and similar effects observed in experimental animal studies. Likewise, the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) considers PFAS-induced immunotoxicity, especially in children, as the critical effect for risk assessment. However, the mechanisms by which antibody concentrations are impacted are not completely understood. Furthermore, other targets of the immune system functions have been reported in the literature. Objective: The aim of this review is to explore PFAS-associated immune-related effects. This includes, relevant mechanisms that may underlie the observed effects on the immune system, immunosuppression as well as immunoenhancement, such as i) modulation of cell signalling and nuclear receptors, such as NF-κB and PPARs; ii) alteration of calcium signalling and homoeostasis in immune cells; iii) modulation of immune cell populations; iv) oxidative stress and v) impact on fatty acid metabolism & secondary effects on the immune system. Methods: A literature research was conducted using three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus), which were searched in July 2021 for relevant studies published in the time frame from 2018 to 2021. In total, 487 publications were identified as potentially eligible and following expert-based judgement, articles relevant for mechanisms of PFAS induced immunotoxicity are discussed. Conclusions: Taken together, we show that there is substantial evidence from both in vitro and in vivo experimental as well as epidemiological studies, supporting that various PFAS, not only PFOA and PFOS, affect multiple aspects of the immune system. Timing of exposure is critical, because the developing immune system is especially vulnerable to toxic insults, resulting in a higher risk of particularly adverse immune effects but also other organs later in life.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Public Health ; Risk Assessment ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants
Chemical Substances	Fluorocarbons ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092232-2
ISSN	1476-069X ; 1476-069X
ISSN (online)	1476-069X
ISSN	1476-069X
DOI	10.1186/s12940-022-00958-5
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Article ; Online: Postnatal maturation of GABAergic modulation of sensory inputs onto lateral amygdala principal neurons.

Bosch, Daniel / Ehrlich, Ingrid

The Journal of physiology

2015 Volume 593, Issue 19, Page(s) 4387–4409

Abstract: Key points: Throughout life, fear learning is indispensable for survival and neural plasticity in the lateral amygdala underlies this learning and storage of fear memories. During development, properties of fear learning continue to change into ... ...

Abstract	Key points: Throughout life, fear learning is indispensable for survival and neural plasticity in the lateral amygdala underlies this learning and storage of fear memories. During development, properties of fear learning continue to change into adulthood, but currently little is known about changes in amygdala circuits that enable these behavioural transitions. In recordings from neurons in lateral amygdala brain slices from infant up to adult mice, we show that spontaneous and evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions mature into adolescence. At this time, increased inhibitory activity and signalling has the ability to restrict the function of excitation by presynaptic modulation, and may thus enable precise stimulus associations to limit fear generalization from adolescence onward. Our results provide a basis for addressing plasticity mechanisms that underlie altered fear behaviour in young animals. Abstract: Convergent evidence suggests that plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA) participates in acquisition and storage of fear memory. Sensory inputs from thalamic and cortical areas activate principal neurons and local GABAergic interneurons, which provide feed-forward inhibition that tightly controls LA activity and plasticity via pre- and postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors. GABAergic control is also critical during fear expression, generalization and extinction in adult animals. During rodent development, properties of fear and extinction learning continue to change into early adulthood. Currently, few studies have assessed physiological changes in amygdala circuits that may enable these behavioural transitions. To obtain first insights, we investigated changes in spontaneous and sensory input-evoked inhibition onto LA principal neurons and then focused on GABAB receptor-mediated modulation of excitatory sensory inputs in infant, juvenile, adolescent and young adult mice. We found that spontaneous and sensory-evoked inhibition increased during development. Physiological changes were accompanied by changes in dendritic morphology. While GABAB heteroreceptors were functionally expressed on sensory afferents already early in development, they could only be physiologically recruited by sensory-evoked GABA release to mediate heterosynaptic inhibition from adolescence onward. Furthermore, we found GABAB -mediated tonic inhibition of sensory inputs by ambient GABA that also emerged in adolescence. The observed increase in GABAergic drive may be a substrate for providing modulatory GABA. Our data suggest that GABAB -mediated tonic and evoked presynaptic inhibition can suppress sensory input-driven excitation in the LA to enable precise stimulus associations and limit generalization of conditioned fear from adolescence onward.
MeSH term(s)	Amygdala/drug effects ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Baclofen/pharmacology ; Benzylamines/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; GABA Agents/pharmacology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/physiology ; Nipecotic Acids/pharmacology ; Phosphinic Acids/pharmacology ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Propanolamines/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Benzylamines ; GABA Agents ; Nipecotic Acids ; Phosphinic Acids ; Propanolamines ; Picrotoxin (124-87-8) ; CGP 52432 (139667-74-6) ; CGP 55845A (148056-42-2) ; N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid (85375-85-5) ; Baclofen (H789N3FKE8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP270645
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Article: Short-term high-fat feeding induces a reversible net decrease in synaptic AMPA receptors in the hypothalamus

Liu, Jianfeng / Dimitrov, Stoyan / Sawangjit, Anuck / Born, Jan / Ehrlich, Ingrid / Hallschmid, Manfred

Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2021 Jan., v. 87

2021

Abstract: Dietary obesity compromises brain function, but the effects of high-fat food on synaptic transmission in hypothalamic networks, as well as their potential reversibility, are yet to be fully characterized. We investigated the impact of high-fat feeding on ...

Abstract	Dietary obesity compromises brain function, but the effects of high-fat food on synaptic transmission in hypothalamic networks, as well as their potential reversibility, are yet to be fully characterized. We investigated the impact of high-fat feeding on a hallmark of synaptic plasticity, i.e., the expression of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) that contain the subunits GluA1 and GluA2, in hypothalamic and cortical synaptoneurosomes of male rats. In the main experiment (experiment 1), three days, but not one day of high-fat diet (HFD) decreased the levels of AMPAR GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, as well as GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, in hypothalamus but not cortex. In experiment 2, we compared the effects of the three-day HFD with those a three-day HFD followed by four recovery days of normal chow. This experiment corroborated the suppressive effect of high-fat feeding on hypothalamic but not cortical AMPAR GluA1, GluA2, and GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, and indicated that the effects are reversed by normal-chow feeding. High-fat feeding generally increased energy intake, body weight, and serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, free fatty acids, and corticosterone; only the three-day HFD increased wakefulness assessed via video analysis. Results indicate a reversible down-regulation of hypothalamic glutamatergic synaptic strength in response to short-term high-fat feeding. Preceding the manifestation of obesity, this rapid change in glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie counter-regulatory efforts to prevent excess body weight gain, and therefore, represent a new target of interventions to improve metabolic control.
Keywords	blood serum ; body weight changes ; cortex ; corticosterone ; energy intake ; high fat diet ; high fat foods ; hypothalamus ; insulin ; leptin ; males ; neuroplasticity ; obesity ; phosphorylation ; propionic acid ; synaptic transmission
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	1014929-6
ISSN	1873-4847 ; 0955-2863
ISSN (online)	1873-4847
ISSN	0955-2863
DOI	10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108516
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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