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Article: A systematic evaluation of sample preparation and 2-D gel electrophoresis protocol for mosquito proteomic profiling.

Singh, Hitesh / Jakhar, Renu / Kirar, Manisha / Sehrawat, Neelam

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 102677

Abstract: Mosquito act as the carrier insect to transfer pathogens into hosts for various vector-borne diseases.To identify the pathogenesis causing determinant, comprehensive knowledge of the protein expression in different tissues and physiological conditions ... ...

Abstract	-Mosquito act as the carrier insect to transfer pathogens into hosts for various vector-borne diseases.To identify the pathogenesis causing determinant, comprehensive knowledge of the protein expression in different tissues and physiological conditions is very important. The most widely used technique is 2-D gel electrophoresis to study the protein expression in mosquitoes. 2-D gel electrophoresis is the multistep process to resolve intact protein with similar molecular weight. It is also useful to separate post-translational modified protein, which are not distinguished through shotgun proteomic analysis. Here, we optimized the protocol for 2-D gel electrophoresis that can effectively resolve the protein in mosquitoes and some other insects, to target immunogenic protein to fight against the vector borne disease. The optimized 2-D protocol helps to resolve complex proteomic data which is very difficult to analyze in mosquitoes.The updated protocol improved the protein solubility, resolution and visualization that help in comparative analysis of protein expression.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2830212-6
ISSN	2215-0161
ISSN	2215-0161
DOI	10.1016/j.mex.2024.102677
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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Indole-Linked Thiadiazoles and their Anticancer Action against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Gavadia, Renu / Rasgania, Jyoti / Sahu, Neetu / Nimesh, Surendra / Loveleen, Lacy / Mor, Satbir / Jakhar, Komal

Chemistry & biodiversity

2024 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) e202302000

Abstract: With a lack of targeted therapy and significantly high metastasis, heterogeneity, and relapse rates, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) offers substantial treatment challenges and demands more chemotherapeutic interventions. In the present study, ... ...

Abstract	With a lack of targeted therapy and significantly high metastasis, heterogeneity, and relapse rates, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) offers substantial treatment challenges and demands more chemotherapeutic interventions. In the present study, indole-endowed thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and screened for antiproliferative potency against the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. Compound 4 h, possessing chlorophenyl moiety, displays the best anticancer potency (IC
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Indoles/chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiadiazoles/chemistry ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Indoles ; Thiadiazoles ; N-(2-(4-((3-chloro-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)amino)-5H-pyrrolo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide (70CCB438L6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2139001-0
ISSN	1612-1880 ; 1612-1872
ISSN (online)	1612-1880
ISSN	1612-1872
DOI	10.1002/cbdv.202302000
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Article ; Online: Identification and Characterization of Aminopeptidase N 1 Gene of the Indian Malaria Vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae).

Jakhar, Renu / Gakhar, Surendra Kumar

Journal of medical entomology

2021 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 1476–1481

Abstract: Aminopeptidase N1 (APN) is one of the important enzymes involved in blood digestion and is up-regulated along with several other enzymes in response to bloodmeal ingestion. APN is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves one amino acid residue at a time from ... ...

Abstract	Aminopeptidase N1 (APN) is one of the important enzymes involved in blood digestion and is up-regulated along with several other enzymes in response to bloodmeal ingestion. APN is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves one amino acid residue at a time from the amino terminus of the protein. The APN1 gene of the Indian malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies Giles was cloned and characterized. The An. culicifacies APN1 (AcAPN1) gene has an Open Reading Frame of 3084 basepairs which encodes a putative protein of 1027 amino acids. The coding region of the gene shares 81% and 78% similarity to the APN1 genes found in An. stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) and An. gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), respectively. The organization of the APN1 gene was studied in available mosquito genomes and a three-dimensional structure of AcAPN1 modeled using homology structure modeling. The enzymatic active site was predicted to consist of HEYAH and GAMEN amino acid residues, and a comparison of the protein sequences among different genera revealed the conservation of zinc-binding residues. The expression pattern of AcAPN1 showed that the gene was expressed rapidly in response to the ingestion of the bloodmeal and therefore this gene may be used to exploit its promoter region as an antiparasite candidate molecule.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anopheles/enzymology ; Anopheles/genetics ; CD13 Antigens/chemistry ; CD13 Antigens/genetics ; CD13 Antigens/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; Malaria ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Mosquito Vectors/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment
Chemical Substances	Insect Proteins ; CD13 Antigens (EC 3.4.11.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjab011
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Article ; Online: Design, synthesis and exploration of novel triazinoindoles as potent quorum-sensing inhibitors and radical quenchers.

Rasgania, Jyoti / Gavadia, Renu / Sahu, Neetu / Sharma, Pinki / Chauhan, Nar S / Saharan, Vicky / Kapoor, Rajeev K / Jakhar, Komal

Future medicinal chemistry

2024 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 399–416

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Molecular Docking Simulation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Quorum Sensing ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antioxidants ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1756-8927
ISSN (online)	1756-8927
DOI	10.4155/fmc-2023-0313
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Article: Identification and Characterization of Aminopeptidase N 1 Gene of the Indian Malaria Vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae)

Jakhar, Renu / Gakhar, Surendra Kumar

Journal of medical entomology. 2021 Mar. 4, v. 58, no. 3

2021

Abstract	Aminopeptidase N1 (APN) is one of the important enzymes involved in blood digestion and is up-regulated along with several other enzymes in response to bloodmeal ingestion. APN is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves one amino acid residue at a time from the amino terminus of the protein. The APN1 gene of the Indian malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies Giles was cloned and characterized. The An. culicifacies APN1 (AcAPN1) gene has an Open Reading Frame of 3084 basepairs which encodes a putative protein of 1027 amino acids. The coding region of the gene shares 81% and 78% similarity to the APN1 genes found in An. stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) and An. gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), respectively. The organization of the APN1 gene was studied in available mosquito genomes and a three-dimensional structure of AcAPN1 modeled using homology structure modeling. The enzymatic active site was predicted to consist of HEYAH and GAMEN amino acid residues, and a comparison of the protein sequences among different genera revealed the conservation of zinc-binding residues. The expression pattern of AcAPN1 showed that the gene was expressed rapidly in response to the ingestion of the bloodmeal and therefore this gene may be used to exploit its promoter region as an antiparasite candidate molecule.
Keywords	Anopheles culicifacies ; active sites ; amino acids ; blood ; blood meal ; digestion ; genes ; ingestion ; medical entomology ; membrane alanyl aminopeptidase ; metalloproteinases ; mosquito vectors ; open reading frames ; promoter regions ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0304
Size	p. 1476-1481.
Publishing place	Entomological Society of America
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	0022-2585
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjab011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: An analytical review of vector- and pathogen-based transmission-blocking vaccine for malaria control.

Jakhar, Renu / Sehrawat, Neelam / Gakhar, S K

Journal of vector borne diseases

2022 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: Malaria is a vector borne disease, considered to be one of the most serious public health problems. The present review focused on the blocking of parasite development in mosquito vectors; one broad strategy for achieving this is Transmission Blocking ... ...

Abstract	Malaria is a vector borne disease, considered to be one of the most serious public health problems. The present review focused on the blocking of parasite development in mosquito vectors; one broad strategy for achieving this is Transmission Blocking Vaccines (TBV). The TBVs usually rely on immunization of vertebrate hosts with molecules derived from the vector or pathogen to reduce pathogen transmission from infected to uninfected hosts. Most of the studies on the TBVs are based on the antibodies targeted against the surface antigens of sexual stages of malaria parasite, but it is meagre to develop mosquito-based vaccine in this regard. Vector-based TBVs include surface proteins that are expressed by the mosquito midgut digestive enzymes which are induced upon blood-feeding, and receptors expressed on the epithelial line of the tissue. Many proteins are reported that can act as candidates for transmission-blocking vaccines. This review aims to summarize the vector midgut-based proteins identified till date, that can block the development and maturity of sexual stages of the parasite within mosquitoes as targets for transmission-blocking vaccine development. The TBVs intervention can block transmission of different malaria parasite species in various species of mosquitoes with future application perspective worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Culicidae ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Malaria ; Malaria Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Malaria Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2161218-3
ISSN	0972-9062
ISSN	0972-9062
DOI	10.4103/0972-9062.318308
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Article: An Immunoinformatics Study to Predict Epitopes in the Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Jakhar, Renu / Gakhar, S K

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 7079356

Abstract: COVID-19 is a new viral emergent disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus. This virus has caused a huge problem in the world as millions of people are affected by this disease. We aimed at designing a peptide vaccine for COVID-19 particularly for ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 is a new viral emergent disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus. This virus has caused a huge problem in the world as millions of people are affected by this disease. We aimed at designing a peptide vaccine for COVID-19 particularly for the envelope protein using computational methods to predict epitopes inducing the immune system. The envelope protein sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been retrieved from the NCBI database. The bioinformatics analysis was carried out by using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict B- and T-cell epitopes. The predicted HTL and CTL epitopes were docked with HLA alleles and binding energies were evaluated. The allergenicity of predicted epitopes was analyzed, the conservancy analysis was performed, and the population coverage was determined throughout the world. Some overlapped CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes were suggested to become a universal candidate for peptide-based vaccine against COVID-19. This vaccine peptide could simultaneously elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We hope to confirm our findings by adding complementary steps of both
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-25
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1057056-1
ISSN	1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
ISSN	1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
DOI	10.1155/2020/7079356
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Article: Designing spike protein (S-Protein) based multi-epitope peptide vaccine against SARS COVID-19 by immunoinformatics.

Singh, Hitesh / Jakhar, Renu / Sehrawat, Neelam

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) e05528

Abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 was originated from China, responsible for Several Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Scientists are forced to develop vaccine and effective drugs to control COVID-19 infection. To develop effective vaccine for SARS - COVID 19, ... ...

Abstract	The outbreak of COVID-19 was originated from China, responsible for Several Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Scientists are forced to develop vaccine and effective drugs to control COVID-19 infection. To develop effective vaccine for SARS - COVID 19, immunoinformatics and computational approaches could helps to design successful vaccine against this biggest danger for humanity. Here we used various
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05528
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Article ; Online: 3CL hydrolase-based multiepitope peptide vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics.

Jakhar, Renu / Kaushik, Samander / Gakhar, Surendra K

Journal of medical virology

2020 Volume 92, Issue 10, Page(s) 2114–2123

Abstract: The present study provides the first multiepitope vaccine construct using the 3CL hydrolase protein of SARS-CoV-2. The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. This study was based on immunoinformatics ...

Abstract	The present study provides the first multiepitope vaccine construct using the 3CL hydrolase protein of SARS-CoV-2. The coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) enzyme is essential for proteolytic maturation of the virus. This study was based on immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology strategies. The design of the multiepitope vaccine was built using helper T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes from the 3CL hydrolase protein along with an adjuvant to enhance immune response; these are joined to each other by short peptide linkers. The vaccine also carries potential B-cell linear epitope regions, B-cell discontinuous epitopes, and interferon-γ-inducing epitopes. Epitopes of the constructed multiepitope vaccine were found to be antigenic, nonallergic, nontoxic, and covering large human populations worldwide. The vaccine construct was modeled, validated, and refined by different programs to achieve a high-quality three-dimensional structure. The resulting high-quality model was applied for conformational B-cell epitope selection and docking analyses with toll-like receptor-3 for understanding the capability of the vaccine to elicit an immune response. In silico cloning and codon adaptation were also performed with the pET-19b plasmid vector. The designed multiepitope peptide vaccine may prompt the development of a vaccine to control SARS-CoV-2 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Computational Biology/methods ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/genetics ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/immunology ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Genetic Vectors/chemistry ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; HLA Antigens/chemistry ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; HLA Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/chemistry ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/virology ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/chemistry ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/immunology ; User-Computer Interface ; Vaccines, Subunit
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; HLA Antigens ; TLR3 protein, human ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; 3C-like protease, SARS coronavirus (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.25993
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Article ; Online: An Immunoinformatics Study to Predict Epitopes in the Envelope Protein of SARS-COV-2

Jakhar, Renu / Gakhar, S.K

bioRxiv

Abstract: COVID-19 is a new viral emergent human disease caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus. This virus has caused a huge problem in the world as millions of the people are affected with this disease in the entire world. We aimed to design a peptide vaccine ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 is a new viral emergent human disease caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus. This virus has caused a huge problem in the world as millions of the people are affected with this disease in the entire world. We aimed to design a peptide vaccine for COVID-19 particularly for the envelope protein using computational methods to predict epitopes inducing the immune system and can be used later to create a new peptide vaccine that could replace conventional vaccines. A total of available 370 sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from NCBI for bioinformatics analysis using Immune Epitope Data Base (IEDB) to predict B and T cells epitopes. Then we docked the best predicted CTL epitopes with HLA alleles. CTL cell epitopes namely interacted with MHC class I alleles and we suggested them to become universal peptides based vaccine against COVID-19. Potentially continuous B cell epitopes were predicted using tools from IEDB. The Allergenicity of predicted epitopes was analyzed by AllerTOP tool and the coverage was determined throughout the worlds. We found these CTL epitopes to be T helper epitopes also. The B cell epitope, SRVKNL and T cell epitope, FLAFVVFLL were suggested to become a universal candidate for peptide-based vaccine against COVID-19. We hope to confirm our findings by adding complementary steps of both in vitro and in vivo studies to support this new universal predicted candidate.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	BioRxiv; WHO
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.05.26.115790
Database	COVID19

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