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Article ; Online: STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENERALIZED/NONSPECIFIC COVID-19 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS WITH SARS-COV 2 SPECIFIC ORF, N, E GENES IDENTIFIED THROUGH REAL TIME PCR.

Arif, Muhammad / Abdullah, Muhammad / Ahmed, Sheikh / Larik, Ehsan Ahmed / Baloch, Ujala Naseer / Hussain, Zakir / Baig, zeeshan Iqbal

medRxiv

Abstract: ... determined a total of 3375 individuals to be COVID-19 positive because RT-PCR detected ORF, N, and E genes or ... of association whereby 2x2 contingency tables between Mono, Bi & Tri combinations for ORF, N & E genes were cross ... Head ache & Vomitting. While the presence of N-gene was found to be strongly associated with Loss ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Constant mutation in the SARS-COV2 virus genetic material is resulting in the appearance of new variants frequently hence the overall virulence, treatment resistance, replication modalities, transmissions rates and COVID-19 signs & symptoms are all changing regularly. METHODOLOGY: From 1 January 2021 to 30 August 2022, the clinical lab at Fatima Jinnah General & Chest Hospital Quetta, Balochistan, determined a total of 3375 individuals to be COVID-19 positive because RT-PCR detected ORF, N, and E genes or their various Bi & Tri combinations in their samples. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted with each participant during sample collection. Body temperature more than 370c was recorded as Fever/Chill. Age, Comorbidities, A-symptomatic individuals & Vaccination status were all neglected during this study. Frequency tables were generated using MS-excel 2016, while Odds ratios were calculated using Chi-square test of association whereby 2x2 contingency tables between Mono, Bi & Tri combinations for ORF, N & E genes were cross associated with various generalized nonspecific COVID -19 signs and symptoms using Epi-info software. Absence of Genetic sequencing was the major limitation. RESULTS: The study showed that individually the presence of ORF gene was found to be strongly associated Shortness of Breath/Difficulty in Breathing, Diarrhea, Head ache & Vomitting. While the presence of N-gene was found to be strongly associated with Loss of smell & taste, Head ache,Presistant Chest Pain & Bluish lips/Face. Where as the presence of E-gene was found to be strongly associated with Cough, Shortness of breath/ Difficulty in breathing, Sore throat, Diarrhea, Head ache & Laziness. In addition, the study also found that different Bi & Tri combinations of ORF, N & E genes in a COVID-19 positive patient expressed generalized non-specific COVID-19 signs & symptoms differently. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: The presence of various SARS-COV2 genetic markers significantly alters the clinical presentation of COVID-19.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2022.11.16.22282408
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The impact of cholecystectomy on the symptom relief and quality of life of patients with gallbladder dysmotility.

Alamin, Nadeen / Iqbal, Sara / Baumert, Alizee / Fernandes, Roland

World journal of surgery

2024

Abstract: ... differences.: Results: 94% (n = 31/33) of the participants in the non-cholecystectomy group demonstrated ... persistent biliary pain symptoms as opposed to the 6% (n = 2/30) in the cholecystectomy group ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the physical and mental health of patients with gallbladder dysmotility. Methods: Retrospective data was collected from 314 patients who had undergone a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan between June 2012 and June 2022 in a District General Hospital in South East England. Sixty-three patients who were diagnosed with gallbladder dysmotility were then contacted and asked to participate in a telephone interview regarding their symptoms. We measured their health-related quality of life using the HRQoL SF-12 v2 (Health Related Quality of Life Short Form-12 version 2) questionnaire. Differences in the resolution of symptoms between those that had undergone a cholecystectomy and those who did not, were assessed using a chi square test. The two groups were then compared using the student t-test to assess statistically significant differences. Results: 94% (n = 31/33) of the participants in the non-cholecystectomy group demonstrated persistent biliary pain symptoms as opposed to the 6% (n = 2/30) in the cholecystectomy group. A statistically significant improvement in five out of the eight domains of the HRQoL SF-12 questionnaire was demonstrated. These domains include PCS (physical component summary), MCS (mental component summary), mental health, general health and bodily pain. Conclusion: The results of our retrospective analysis demonstrate an improvement in both the physical and mental health-related quality of life symptoms in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These findings support the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an effective method for managing gallbladder dysmotility.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	224043-9
ISSN	1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
ISSN	0364-2313
DOI	10.1002/wjs.12171
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Article: Fabrication of NIPMAM based polymer microgel network assisted rhodium nanoparticles for reductive degradation of toxic azo dyes.

Iqbal, Sadia / Iqbal, Nimra / Musaddiq, Sara / Farooqi, Zahoor Hussain / Habila, Mohamed A / Wabaidur, Saikh Mohammad / Iqbal, Amjad

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e25385

Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare poly-N-isopropylmethacrylamide- ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to prepare poly-N-isopropylmethacrylamide-
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25385
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Article ; Online: Comparison of Alginate Mixtures as Wall Materials of

Arevalo-Gallegos, Alejandra / Cuellar-Bermudez, Sara P / Melchor-Martinez, Elda M / Iqbal, Hafiz M N / Parra-Saldivar, Roberto

Polymers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: This work evaluated maltodextrin/alginate and β-glucan/alginate mixtures in the food industry as wall materials for the microencapsulation ... ...

Abstract	This work evaluated maltodextrin/alginate and β-glucan/alginate mixtures in the food industry as wall materials for the microencapsulation of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym15122756
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Article: Evaluation of Early Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy with Hemoglobin A1c.

Haddad, Andrew S / Fries, Melissa H / Landy, Helain / Tripuraneni, Priyanka S / Iqbal, Sara N

AJP reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) e71–e77

Abstract: Early diabetes screening is recommended for high-risk pregnant women risk via a 1-hour glucose challenge test (1-hour GCT). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be obtained with initial obstetric laboratories. We sought to examine the relationship between HbA1c ... ...

Abstract	Early diabetes screening is recommended for high-risk pregnant women risk via a 1-hour glucose challenge test (1-hour GCT). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be obtained with initial obstetric laboratories. We sought to examine the relationship between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for early diabetes screening in pregnancy. This is a retrospective cohort study of 204 high-risk pregnant women who underwent early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT. Simple logistic regression analysis was performed to predict abnormal 1-hour GCT and diagnosis of diabetes using HbA1c. A total of 158 (77.5%), 44 (21.5%), and 2 (1%) women had HbA1c of less than 5.7, 5.7 to 6.4, and 6.5% or higher, respectively. Seven of 158 (4.4%) women with HbA1c less than 5.7% and 8 of 44 (18.2%) with HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4% had a diagnosis of diabetes. A positive correlation between early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT was detected. Logistic regression showed HbA1c significantly predicted the risk of diabetes but was not a good predictor of abnormal 1-hour GCT. HbA1c of 5.5% or less had a 97% or higher negative predictive value for early diabetes in pregnancy. There is a positive correlation between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for the early screening of diabetes in pregnancy. Women with early HbA1c ≤ 5.5% could forego further testing in early pregnancy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2628074-7
ISSN	2157-7005 ; 2157-6998
ISSN (online)	2157-7005
ISSN	2157-6998
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1776150
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Article ; Online: Outcomes after extended azithromycin administration in preterm premature rupture of membranes.

DiSciullo, Alison J / Hand, Marissa / Iqbal, Sara N / Chornock, Rebecca L

AJOG global reports

2023 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 100206

Abstract: Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes accounts for approximately one-quarter of all preterm deliveries and occurs in 2% to 3% of all pregnancies. With subclinical infection being a suspected cause of preterm premature rupture of membranes, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes accounts for approximately one-quarter of all preterm deliveries and occurs in 2% to 3% of all pregnancies. With subclinical infection being a suspected cause of preterm premature rupture of membranes, the administration of prophylactic antibiotics is an accepted standard of care to extend the latency period. Historically, erythromycin was used in the antibiotic regimen recommended for women with preterm premature rupture of membranes during expectant management; however, azithromycin has recently been shown to be a suitable alternative. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether extended azithromycin administration affects the latency time in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Study design: This was a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study in Washington, District of Columbia, of patients admitted from January 2012 to December 2019 with preterm premature rupture of membranes of singleton pregnancies between 23 0/7 and 33 6/7 weeks of gestation. Patients were excluded if they had multiple pregnancies, had an allergy to penicillin or macrolides, were in labor, had suspected placental abruptions, had overt chorioamnionitis, or had nonreassuring fetal status on presentation indicating the need for prompt delivery. Patients that received limited azithromycin administration (<2 days) and patients that received extended azithromycin administration (7 days) were compared. All patients otherwise received the institutional standard of 2 days of intravenous ampicillin followed by 5 days of oral amoxicillin. The primary outcome was length of gestational latency, defined as the time from membrane rupture to delivery. The selective secondary outcomes that were evaluated were rates of chorioamnionitis and adverse neonatal outcomes, including sepsis, respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonatal death. Results: During the study period, 416 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes were identified. Of the 287 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 165 (57.5%) received limited azithromycin administration, and 122 (42.5%) received extended azithromycin administration. Adjusted median gestational latency was significantly longer for patients who received extended azithromycin administration, extended by >3 days (2.6 days [interquartile range, 2.2-3.1] for limited azithromycin administration vs 5.8 days [interquartile range, 4.8-6.9] for extended azithromycin administration; Conclusion: Among patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes, extended azithromycin administration was associated with increased latency, without any effect on other maternal or neonatal outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5778
ISSN (online)	2666-5778
DOI	10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100206
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Article ; Online: Racial Disparity in Postpartum Readmission due to Hypertension among Women with Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension.

Chornock, Rebecca / Iqbal, Sara N / Kawakita, Tetsuya

American journal of perinatology

2020 Volume 38, Issue 12, Page(s) 1297–1302

Abstract: Objective: Postpartum hypertension is a leading cause of readmission in the postpartum period. We aimed to examine the prevalence of racial/ethnic differences in postpartum readmission due to hypertension in women with antepartum pregnancy-associated ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Postpartum hypertension is a leading cause of readmission in the postpartum period. We aimed to examine the prevalence of racial/ethnic differences in postpartum readmission due to hypertension in women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension. Study design: This was a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of all women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension diagnosed prior to initial discharge from January 2009 to December 2016. Antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (with or without severe features), hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia was diagnosed based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force definitions. Women with chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia were excluded. Our primary outcome was postpartum readmission defined as a readmission due to severe hypertension within 6 weeks of postpartum. Risk factors including maternal age, gestational age at admission, insurance, race/ethnicity (self-reported), type of antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension, marital status, body mass index (kg/m Results: Of 4,317 women with pregnancy-associated hypertension before initial discharge, 66 (1.5%) had postpartum readmission due to hypertension. Risk factors associated with postpartum readmission due to hypertension included older maternal age (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20-1.73 for every 5 year increase) and non-Hispanic black race (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.16-3.87). Conclusion: In women with pregnancy-associated hypertension before initial discharge, non-Hispanic black women were at increased odds of postpartum readmission due to hypertension compared with non-Hispanic white women.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Baltimore/epidemiology ; District of Columbia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/ethnology ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/ethnology ; Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Puerperal Disorders/ethnology ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	605671-4
ISSN	1098-8785 ; 0735-1631
ISSN (online)	1098-8785
ISSN	0735-1631
DOI	10.1055/s-0040-1712530
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index in a tertiary care labor and delivery unit.

Kodama, Samantha / Mokhtari, Neggin B / Iqbal, Sara N / Kawakita, Tetsuya

American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM

2021 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 100351

Abstract: Background: The Maternal-Fetal Triage Index is a 5-level system to facilitate the care of pregnant women seeking care in an obstetrical triage unit (priority 1 being the highest acuity and priority 5 being the lowest acuity). Although the American ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Maternal-Fetal Triage Index is a 5-level system to facilitate the care of pregnant women seeking care in an obstetrical triage unit (priority 1 being the highest acuity and priority 5 being the lowest acuity). Although the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends implementing labor and delivery triage tools, it remains unclear whether the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index facilitates the timely evaluation of high-acuity pregnant women. Objective: We sought to examine the duration of a labor and delivery triage evaluation before and after the implementation of the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index. We also sought to examine the duration of a labor and delivery triage evaluation according to priority levels by the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index. Study design: This was a retrospective quality improvement study of all women presenting to an urban, tertiary labor and delivery triage unit at 16 weeks' gestation or later from December 2017 to February 2018 (historical cohort) and December 2018 to February 2019 (study cohort). As part of a quality improvement initiative, the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index was implemented in the labor and delivery unit in May 2018. All registered nurses who worked in the labor and delivery unit completed a formal education course and assigned the priority levels at the time of triage presentation. The primary outcome was the duration of a labor and delivery triage evaluation, which was defined as the time interval from triage presentation to the completion of history and physical examination in the electronic medical record. Secondary outcomes included the rates of labor and delivery unit admissions. Results: There were 1305 and 1374 women in the historical cohort and study cohort, respectively. The duration of labor and delivery triage evaluation was longer for the study cohort than for the historical cohort (64 minutes vs 61 minutes; P=.02). Of the 1374 women in the study cohort, there were 28 (2%), 290 (21%), 459 (33%), 462 (34%), and 135 (10%) women with priority levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 assigned, respectively. Women with a higher priority according to the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index had a shorter labor and delivery triage evaluation (priority 1, 57 minutes; priority 2, 66 minutes; priority 3, 63 minutes; priority 4, 62 minutes; and priority 5, 83 minutes; P<.001). The rates of admission were higher in the priority 1 and 5 groups (priority 1, 89.3%; priority 2, 41.4%; priority 3, 57.3%; priority 4, 53.3%; and priority 5, 92.6%; P<.001). Conclusion: Compared with the historical cohort, the duration of labor and delivery triage evaluation was longer in the study cohort. However, in the study cohort, women classified as higher priority according to the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index had a shorter labor and delivery triage evaluation. Our study supports the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' recommendation on the implementation and utilization of labor and delivery triage tools such as the Maternal-Fetal Triage Index.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Triage
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-9333
ISSN (online)	2589-9333
DOI	10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100351
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Article ; Online: Refining the clinical definition of active phase arrest of dilation in nulliparous women to consider degree of cervical dilation as well as duration of arrest.

Kawakita, Tetsuya / Gold, Stacey L / Huang, Jim C / Iqbal, Sara N

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

2021 Volume 225, Issue 3, Page(s) 294.e1–294.e14

Abstract: Background: Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with duration of arrest of dilation beyond 4 hours are not well known. In addition, the current definition of arrest does not consider the degree of cervical dilation (6 cm vs 7 cm vs 8 cm vs 9 cm) ... ...

Abstract	Background: Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with duration of arrest of dilation beyond 4 hours are not well known. In addition, the current definition of arrest does not consider the degree of cervical dilation (6 cm vs 7 cm vs 8 cm vs 9 cm) when arrest occurs. Objective: We sought to examine maternal and neonatal outcomes in nulliparous women who achieved the active phase of labor according to the duration they required to achieve a cervical change of at least 1 cm (<4 hours vs 4-5.9 hours vs ≥6 hours) beginning at 6, 7, 8 and 9 cm. Study design: This was a retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women with term singleton cephalic pregnancies in spontaneous or induced active labor (≥6 cm). To evaluate the effect of labor duration on maternal and fetal outcomes at different degrees of cervical dilation, we categorized women based on time intervals they required to achieve a cervical change of at least 1 cm after membrane rupture ("<4 hours," "4-5.9 hours," and "≥6 hours"), and we correlated each time interval with referent cervical dilation status (6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, and 9 cm). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed according to the duration to progress at least 1 cm starting from each degree of cervical dilation. Our primary outcome was a composite of neonatal outcomes, including intensive care unit admission, neonatal death, seizure, ventilator use, birth injury, and neonatal asphyxia. In addition, we examined maternal outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, controlling for predefined covariates. Results: Of 31,505 nulliparous women included in this study, 13,142 (42%), 10,855 (34%), 11,761 (37%), and 17,049 (54%) reached documented cervical dilation of 6, 7, 8, and 9 cm, respectively. At cervical dilation of 6 or 7 cm, the arrest of dilation of <4 hours compared with arrest of dilation of 4 to 5.9 hours was associated with decreased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. When cervical dilation was 8 or 9 cm, arrest of dilation of <4 hours compared with arrest of dilation of 4 to 5.9 hours was associated with decreased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. For example, women starting at a cervical dilation of 8 cm who required <4 hours to achieve a cervical change of 1 cm compared with those who required 4 to 5.9 hours had lower rates of cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.55), chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.60), and the neonatal composite outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.72). Conclusion: When cervical dilation is 6 or 7 cm, allowing arrest of dilation of ≥4 hours is reasonable because it was not associated with increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes. When cervical dilation is 8 or 9 cm, the benefit of allowing arrest of dilation of ≥4 hours should be balanced against the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data ; Chorioamnionitis/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Stage, First ; Obstetric Labor Complications ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	80016-8
ISSN	1097-6868 ; 0002-9378
ISSN (online)	1097-6868
ISSN	0002-9378
DOI	10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.029
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Article ; Online: The influence of pharmacist-led collaborative care on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter randomized control trial.

Iqbal, Muhammad Zahid / Alqahtani, Saad Saeed / Mubarak, Naeem / Shahid, Sara / Mohammed, Rafiuddin / Mustafa, Abid / Khan, Amer Hayat / Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid

Frontiers in public health

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1323102

Abstract: Background: Health care providers are mandated to deliver specialized care for the treatment and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Malaysia, Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinics (DMTAC) in tertiary hospitals have designated pharmacists to ...

Abstract	Background: Health care providers are mandated to deliver specialized care for the treatment and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Malaysia, Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinics (DMTAC) in tertiary hospitals have designated pharmacists to administer these services. Objective: To assess the effects of pharmacist-led interventions within DMTAC on the outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two distinct hospitals in Kedah, Malaysia. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from the two hospitals included in this study. The study population was divided into two equal groups. The control group consisted of 200 patients receiving routine care from the hospitals. On the other hand, the intervention group included those patients with type 2 diabetes (200), who received separate counseling sessions from pharmacists in the DMTAC departments along with the usual treatment. The study lasted 1 year, during which both study groups participated in two distinct visits. Results: Parametric data were analyzed by a paired Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study it has been proven that the involvement of pharmacists leads to improved control of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended that the government initiate DMTAC services in both private and government hospitals and clinics throughout Malaysia. Furthermore, future studies should assess the impact of pharmacist interventions on other chronic conditions, including but not limited to asthma, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Pharmacists ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Medication Adherence
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Glycated Hemoglobin
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1323102
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