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Article ; Online: Beyond costs: How urban form could limit the uptake of residential solar PV systems in low-income neighborhoods in Ghana

Akrofi, Mark M. / Okitasari, Mahesti

Energy for Sustainable Development. 2023 June, v. 74 p.20-33

2023

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between urban form, residential rooftop solar PV potential, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in high-income, middle-class, and low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Using building footprint data, ArcGIS ... ...

Abstract	This paper examines the relationship between urban form, residential rooftop solar PV potential, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in high-income, middle-class, and low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Using building footprint data, ArcGIS Pro, and linear regression analysis, we find a statistically significant association between urban form parameters (building density, neighborhood compactness, building footprint area, suitable rooftop area, and near distance between buildings) and the rooftop solar PV potential in all the three types of neighborhoods. However, the well-planned high-income neighborhood exhibited the highest rooftop solar PV potential with low LCOE values for most houses, while the lowest rooftop PV potential and highest LCOE values were found in the largely unplanned low-income neighborhood. The low-income neighborhood exhibited higher density with clustered building patterns and, consequently, lower rooftop PV potential. The LCOE ranged between $0.02/kWh-$0.19/kWh for most buildings, with 92 %, 74 %, and 51 % of houses in the high-income, middle-class, and low-income neighborhoods falling within this range, respectively. We conclude that while capital subsidies for residential solar PV can boost their uptake by urbanites, their effectiveness could be limited in low-income neighborhoods due to the limitations imposed by their urban form. It may be more appropriate for policy interventions to target such neighborhoods with community solar schemes while targeting high-income neighborhoods with building integrated solar photovoltaics.
Keywords	capital ; electricity ; energy ; issues and policy ; low-income neighborhoods ; regression analysis ; socioeconomic status ; solar energy ; sustainable development ; Ghana ; Africa ; Buildings ; Energy transition ; Urban planning ; Sustainable cities
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Size	p. 20-33.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ISSN	0973-0826
DOI	10.1016/j.esd.2023.03.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Integrating solar energy considerations into urban planning for low carbon cities: A systematic review of the state-of-the-art

Akrofi, M.M. / Okitasari, M.

Urban governance. 2022 Apr. 07,

2022

Abstract: Early integration of solar energy considerations into urban planning/design is necessary to ensure that future cities do not only consume but also produce energy locally through solar. Yet, strategies for this integration remain a key challenge for urban ...

Abstract	Early integration of solar energy considerations into urban planning/design is necessary to ensure that future cities do not only consume but also produce energy locally through solar. Yet, strategies for this integration remain a key challenge for urban planners and city administrators. Using a scientometric and systematic literature review approach, the objective of this review is to examine the state-of-the-art and current research gaps that constrain such integration. We find that while interests in the interrelationships between solar energy and urban planning have spanned several decades, the two remain largely unintegrated. Though a socio-technical process, the socio-political and socio-demographic aspects of solar urban planning have not received much scholarly attention. Consequently, whereas many software tools for analyzing solar insolation on existing surfaces have been developed, there is a lack of methods and decision support systems to integrate the results into urban planning practice. There is limited research on the subject in the global South despite significant opportunities for solar urban planning in this region. Also, a limited application of theoretical frameworks was found in existing studies. Future research exploring solar urban planning from the socio-technical transition theoretical perspective will significantly enhance the realization of this concept.
Keywords	carbon ; computer software ; energy ; governance ; solar energy ; solar radiation ; systematic review
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0407
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	2664-3286
DOI	10.1016/j.ugj.2022.04.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Integrating solar energy considerations into urban planning for low carbon cities

M.M. Akrofi / M. Okitasari

Urban Governance, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 157-

A systematic review of the state-of-the-art

2022 Volume 172

Abstract	Early integration of solar energy considerations into urban planning/design is necessary to ensure that future cities do not only consume but also produce energy locally through solar. Yet, strategies for this integration remain a key challenge for urban planners and city administrators. Using a scientometric and systematic literature review approach, the objective of this review is to examine the state-of-the-art and current research gaps that constrain such integration. We find that while interests in the interrelationships between solar energy and urban planning have spanned several decades, the two remain largely unintegrated. Though a socio-technical process, the socio-political and socio-demographic aspects of solar urban planning have not received much scholarly attention. Consequently, whereas many software tools for analyzing solar insolation on existing surfaces have been developed, there is a lack of methods and decision support systems to integrate the results into urban planning practice. There is limited research on the subject in the global South despite significant opportunities for solar urban planning in this region. Also, a limited application of theoretical frameworks was found in existing studies. Future research exploring solar urban planning from the socio-technical transition theoretical perspective will significantly enhance the realization of this concept.
Keywords	Solar energy ; Urban planning ; Energy transition ; Sustainability ; Cities ; Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ; HT101-395 ; Cities. Urban geography ; GF125
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nexus between the gendered socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and climate change: implications for pandemic recovery.

Akrofi, Mark M / Mahama, Mudasiru / Nevo, Chinedu M

SN social sciences

2021 Volume 1, Issue 8, Page(s) 198

Abstract: Gender is a critical factor in how people respond to, and recover from major disruptions such as natural disasters or disease outbreaks. Climate-related disasters are known to pose-gender specific problems that disproportionately affect more women than ... ...

Abstract	Gender is a critical factor in how people respond to, and recover from major disruptions such as natural disasters or disease outbreaks. Climate-related disasters are known to pose-gender specific problems that disproportionately affect more women than men. Similarly, the COVID-19 pandemic's impacts along gender lines are enormous, with women being the worst-affected. Existing studies have drawn connections between COVID-19 and climate change, with most arguing that responses to the pandemic provide an opportunity to tackle climate change through emission reduction strategies as part of recovery efforts. We introduce a new dimension to this connection by demonstrating that though different phenomena, COVID-19 and climate change are not so dissimilar in terms of their gendered socioeconomic impacts. Through a systematic review of the available literature, we establish a nexus between these impacts, and examine how the gender responses to COVID-19 can be leveraged to address gender-related climate impacts. We find that social protection, labor market, economic, and violence against women measures adopted in response to the pandemic provide a good opportunity to address the gender impacts of climate change as well. However, current COVID-19 gender responses do not incorporate the interconnections between the gender impacts of the pandemic and climate change. Adopting a nexus approach could help to leverage COVID-19 responses to address the gendered socioeconomic impacts of both crises.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-02
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2662-9283
ISSN (online)	2662-9283
DOI	10.1007/s43545-021-00207-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Exploring Coloniality in Occupation-Based Education

Joana Nan Akrofi / Amber M. Angell / Bright Gyamfi / Stefanie Bodison

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, Vol 7, Iss

Perspectives of Ghanaian Occupational Therapists

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: The history, scope, and practice of occupational therapy are taught in many parts of the world using western perspectives. Recently, occupational scientists have explored occupation-based education, including the extent to which occupation is central in ... ...

Abstract	The history, scope, and practice of occupational therapy are taught in many parts of the world using western perspectives. Recently, occupational scientists have explored occupation-based education, including the extent to which occupation is central in occupational therapy programs and the mechanisms of teaching occupation. This study explores how western ideologies have influenced occupation-based education in Ghana by examining the teaching and practice of occupational therapy. We conducted a qualitative study using purposive sampling to recruit four participants from the first four cohorts of practitioners. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Our analysis yielded three main themes: Power, participants described power dynamics inside and outside the field of occupational therapy that influenced how occupational therapy was taught and practiced in Ghana; Knowledge, participants described the focus of the foundational knowledge they received as largely theoretical, with limited practical knowledge of the Ghanaian context; Being, participants described how their experiences shaped their occupational identities. Additional themes included: Globalization and Cultural Assimilation, and Occupational Consciousness. Occupational therapists in Ghana are directly affected by the systemic injustices that have plagued their communities since the colonial era. Their existence in a formerly colonized country affects how much they can pursue personal and professional interests. Practitioners and scholars from formerly colonized and marginalized groups need to be empowered to embrace their identities and practice meaningfully. The ‘burden’ of decolonizing occupation-based education should not be left to the ex-colonized because coloniality goes beyond the scope of occupational science and occupational therapy.
Keywords	occupation ; coloniality ; culture ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Eastern Kentucky University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Challenges and Facilitators to Telehealth Occupational Therapy for Autistic Children During COVID-19.

Angell, Amber M / Carreon, Elaine D / Akrofi, Joana N S / Franklin, Marshae D / Taylor, Elinor E / Miller, Julie / Crowley, Catherine / Maher, Shona Orfirer

OTJR : occupation, participation and health

2023 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 513–522

Abstract: Pre-pandemic, telehealth occupational therapy (OT) for autistic children appeared promising, but research was limited. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to investigate how clinics transitioned to telehealth. The purpose of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Pre-pandemic, telehealth occupational therapy (OT) for autistic children appeared promising, but research was limited. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to investigate how clinics transitioned to telehealth. The purpose of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators that influenced delivery of OT services through telehealth for autistic children during the pandemic. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 13 participants (three administrators, six OTs, and four parents of autistic children) at three Los Angeles area clinics over a 7-month period. We used narrative and thematic analysis to identify four themes. We identified (a) Challenges and (b) Facilitators to Conducting Telehealth OT, including practical strategies for successful facilitation, and (c) Negative and (d) Positive Outcomes of Conducting Telehealth OT. As telehealth will likely remain a viable means of OT service delivery in the future, our findings provide insight into ways that it can be improved and sustained.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; COVID-19 ; Autistic Disorder ; Occupational Therapy ; Telemedicine ; Behavior Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2081243-7
ISSN	1938-2383 ; 1539-4492 ; 0276-1599
ISSN (online)	1938-2383
ISSN	1539-4492 ; 0276-1599
DOI	10.1177/15394492221142597
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Article ; Online: The effect of health financing reforms on incidence and management of childhood infections in Ghana: a matching difference in differences impact evaluation.

Odjidja, Emmanuel Nene / Ansah-Akrofi, Ruth / Iradukunda, Arnaud / Kwanin, Charles / Saha, Manika

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1494

Abstract: Introduction: In 2003, Ghana abolished direct out of pockets payments and implemented health financing reforms including the national health insurance scheme in 2004. Treatment of childhood infections is a key component of services covered under this ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In 2003, Ghana abolished direct out of pockets payments and implemented health financing reforms including the national health insurance scheme in 2004. Treatment of childhood infections is a key component of services covered under this scheme, yet, outcomes on incidence and treatment of these infections after introducing these reforms have not been covered in evaluation studies. This study fills this gap by assessing the impact on the reforms on the two most dominant childhood infections; fever (malaria) and diarrhoea. Methods: Nigeria was used as the control country with pre-intervention period of 1990 and 2003 and 1993 and 1998 in Ghana. Post-intervention period was 2008 and 2014 in Ghana and 2008 and 2018 in Nigeria. Data was acquired from demographic health surveys in both countries and propensity score matching was calculated based on background socioeconomic covariates. Following matching, difference in difference analysis was conducted to estimate average treatment on the treated effects. All analysis were conducted in STATA (psmatch2, psgraph and pstest) and statistical significance was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: After matching, it was determined that health reforms significantly increased general medical care for children with diarrhoea (25 percentage points) and fever (40 percentage points). Also for those receiving care specifically in government managed facilities for diarrhoea (14 percentage points) and fever (24 percentage points). Conclusions: Introduction of health financing reforms in Ghana had positive effects on childhood infections (malaria and diarrhoea).
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/therapy ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Healthcare Financing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-13934-y
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Article ; Online: Integrating sustainable energies into local government plans in Ghana

Mark M. Akrofi / Bernard A.A. Akanbang

Scientific African, Vol 12, Iss , Pp e00764- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Despite significant efforts to mainstream sustainable energies into national policies, the extent to which such energies are integrated into local government plans in Ghana remains unclear. This study explored the status and factors affecting the ... ...

Abstract	Despite significant efforts to mainstream sustainable energies into national policies, the extent to which such energies are integrated into local government plans in Ghana remains unclear. This study explored the status and factors affecting the integration of sustainable energies in local level planning using the Wa Municipality in the Upper West Region as a case study. Key informant interviews were held with four heads of departments alongside a content analysis of eight policy and planning documents using ATLAS.ti software. The scope of the study covered the 2010–2013 and 2014–2017 development plans prepared by the Municipality and was conducted between May and July 2019. We found that energy-related projects constituted only 1.4% and 1.1% of all the projects found in the 2010–2013 and 2014–2017 MTPs of the Municipality, respectively. The focus on energy in the plans was on increasing electricity access through grid extension, with little attention to off-grid applications and alternative energy sources. We conclude that low priority is given to sustainable energy issues in the local government plans, and this situation is partly attributed to the fact that planning guidelines and national policy frameworks did not explicitly outline strategies for integrating sustainable energies into local government plans. Hence, provisions in national policy frameworks and national guidelines for local development planning significantly affects the integration of sustainable energies at the local government level. We recommend that the National Development Planning Commission should incorporate explicit provisions for integrating sustainable energies into the district/local planning guidelines.
Keywords	Decentralized planning ; Sustainable energy planning ; Energy policy ; Energy transition ; Local governance ; Science ; Q
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Osmolyte effect on enzymatic stability and reaction equilibrium of formate dehydrogenase.

Gajardo-Parra, Nicolás F / Akrofi-Mantey, Harold / Ascani, Moreno / Cea-Klapp, Esteban / Garrido, José Matias / Sadowski, Gabriele / Held, Christoph

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2022 Volume 24, Issue 45, Page(s) 27930–27939

Abstract: Osmolytes are well-known biocatalyst stabilisers as they promote the folded state of proteins, and a stabilised biocatalyst might also improve reaction kinetics. In this work, the influence of four osmolytes (betaine, glycerol, trehalose, and ... ...

Abstract	Osmolytes are well-known biocatalyst stabilisers as they promote the folded state of proteins, and a stabilised biocatalyst might also improve reaction kinetics. In this work, the influence of four osmolytes (betaine, glycerol, trehalose, and trimethylamine
MeSH term(s)	Formate Dehydrogenases/chemistry ; Betaine/chemistry ; Methylamines/chemistry ; Thermodynamics
Chemical Substances	trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A) ; Formate Dehydrogenases (EC 1.17.1.9) ; Betaine (3SCV180C9W) ; Methylamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/d2cp04011e
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Article ; Online: International collaboration for the development of clinical guidelines in low and middle-income countries: case study on the development of a national framework and clinical guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Ghana.

Mwangi, Nyawira / Amissah-Arthur, Kwesi Nyan / Braimah, Imoro Zeba / Sarfo-Kantanka, Osei / Akpalu, Josephine / Akrofi, Bridgid / Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert / Atiase, Yacoba / Yorke, Ernest / Gichangi, Michael / Faal, Hannah / Addy, James

Eye (London, England)

2022 Volume 36, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 12–16

Abstract: Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in many countries across the world. Ghana has seen a rise in diabetic retinopathy and is working on various strategies to prevent blindness. Clinical guidelines are seen as a promising ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in many countries across the world. Ghana has seen a rise in diabetic retinopathy and is working on various strategies to prevent blindness. Clinical guidelines are seen as a promising strategy for improving quality and reducing cost of care. Little is known about the processes of collaborative guideline development in the African context. Methods: This case study discusses the process of developing clinical guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Ghana via a collaboration with the Kenya team that had previously developed guidelines for Kenya. Results: The main lesson learnt was the ability to overcome challenges. The main output achieved was the draft national framework, guidelines and training slides on the guidelines. Conclusion: Horizontal international collaboration can aid development of clinical guidelines.
MeSH term(s)	Blindness/etiology ; Blindness/prevention & control ; Developing Countries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis ; Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy ; Ghana ; Humans ; Kenya
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	91001-6
ISSN	1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
ISSN (online)	1476-5454
ISSN	0950-222X
DOI	10.1038/s41433-022-02002-9
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