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Article ; Online: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from humans to animals: is there a risk of novel reservoirs?

Fernández-Bastit, Leira / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Segalés, Joaquim

2023 Volume 63, Page(s) 101365

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus able to infect humans and multiple nonhuman animal species. Most natural infections in companion, captive zoo, livestock, and wildlife species have been related to a reverse ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus able to infect humans and multiple nonhuman animal species. Most natural infections in companion, captive zoo, livestock, and wildlife species have been related to a reverse transmission, raising concern about potential generation of animal reservoirs due to human-animal interactions. To date, American mink and white-tailed deer are the only species that led to extensive intraspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 after reverse zoonosis, leading to an efficient spread of the virus and subsequent animal-to-human transmission. Viral host adaptations increase the probability of new SARS-CoV-2 variants' emergence that could cause a major global health impact. Therefore, applying the One Health approach is crucial to prevent and overcome future threats for human, animal, and environmental fields.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Deer ; Zoonoses
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2611378-8
ISSN	1879-6265 ; 1879-6257
ISSN (online)	1879-6265
ISSN	1879-6257
DOI	10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101365
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An anti-SARS-CoV-2 metabolite is reduced in diabetes.

Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria

Nature metabolism

2022 Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 501–502

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2522-5812
ISSN (online)	2522-5812
DOI	10.1038/s42255-022-00569-x
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Article ; Online: Quantification of camelid cytokine mRNA expression in PBMCs by microfluidic qPCR technology.

Rodon, Jordi / Te, Nigeer / Ballester, Maria / Segalés, Joaquim / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Bensaid, Albert

Developmental and comparative immunology

2023 Volume 149, Page(s) 105061

Abstract: Camelids are economically and socially important in several parts of the world and might carry pathogens with epizootic or zoonotic potential. However, biological research in these species is limited due to lack of reagents. Here, we developed RT-qPCR ... ...

Abstract	Camelids are economically and socially important in several parts of the world and might carry pathogens with epizootic or zoonotic potential. However, biological research in these species is limited due to lack of reagents. Here, we developed RT-qPCR assays to quantify a panel of camelid innate and adaptive immune response genes, which can be monitored in a single run. The assays were validated with PHA, PMA-ionomycin, and Poly I:C-stimulated PBMCs from alpaca, dromedary camel and llama, including normalization by multiple reference genes. Further, comparative gene expression analyses for the different camelid species were performed by a unique microfluidic qPCR assay. Compared to unstimulated controls, PHA and PMA-ionomycin stimulation elicited robust Th1 and Th2 responses in PBMCs from camelid species. Additional activation of type I and type III IFN signalling pathways was described exclusively in PHA-stimulated dromedary lymphocytes, in contrast to those from alpaca and llama. We also found that PolyI:C stimulation induced robust antiviral response genes in alpaca PBMCs. The proposed methodology should be useful for the measurement of immune responses to infection or vaccination in camelid species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytokines/genetics ; Camelids, New World ; Camelus ; Ionomycin ; Microfluidics ; RNA, Messenger
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Ionomycin (56092-81-0) ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752411-0
ISSN	1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
ISSN (online)	1879-0089
ISSN	0145-305X
DOI	10.1016/j.dci.2023.105061
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Zs.A 1327: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition.

Usai, Carla / Mateu, Lourdes / Brander, Christian / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Segalés, Joaquim

Lab animal

2023 Volume 52, Issue 9, Page(s) 202–210

Abstract: More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer's disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cricetinae ; Animals ; Mice ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Alzheimer Disease ; Leukocyte Count ; Models, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1548-4475
ISSN (online)	1548-4475
DOI	10.1038/s41684-023-01231-z
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Article ; Online: Enhanced antiviral immunity and dampened inflammation in llama lymph nodes upon MERS-CoV sensing: bridging innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in camelid reservoirs.

Rodon, Jordi / Te, Nigeer / Segalés, Joaquim / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Bensaid, Albert

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1205080

Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection can cause fatal pulmonary inflammatory disease in humans. Contrarily, camelids and bats are the main reservoir hosts, tolerant for MERS-CoV replication without suffering clinical disease. ... ...

Abstract	Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection can cause fatal pulmonary inflammatory disease in humans. Contrarily, camelids and bats are the main reservoir hosts, tolerant for MERS-CoV replication without suffering clinical disease. Here, we isolated cervical lymph node (LN) cells from MERS-CoV convalescent llamas and pulsed them with two different viral strains (clades B and C). Viral replication was not supported in LN, but a cellular immune response was mounted. Reminiscent Th1 responses (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) were elicited upon MERS-CoV sensing, accompanied by a marked and transient peak of antiviral responses (type I IFNs, IFN-λ3, ISGs, PRRs and TFs). Importantly, expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) or inflammasome components (NLRP3, CASP1, PYCARD) was dampened. The role of IFN-λ3 to counterbalance inflammatory processes and bridge innate and adaptive immune responses in camelid species is discussed. Our findings shed light into key mechanisms on how reservoir species control MERS-CoV in the absence of clinical disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Camelids, New World ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Camelidae ; Chiroptera ; Inflammation ; Immunity, Cellular
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205080
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Article ; Online: Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) internalized by llama alveolar macrophages does not result in virus replication or induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Rodon, Jordi / Sachse, Martin / Te, Nigeer / Segalés, Joaquim / Bensaid, Albert / Risco, Cristina / Vergara-Alert, Júlia

Microbes and infection

2023 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 105252

Abstract: Severe Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is characterized by massive infiltration of immune cells in lungs. MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replicates in vitro in human macrophages, inducing high pro-inflammatory responses. In contrast, camelids, the ... ...

Abstract	Severe Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is characterized by massive infiltration of immune cells in lungs. MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replicates in vitro in human macrophages, inducing high pro-inflammatory responses. In contrast, camelids, the main reservoir for MERS-CoV, are asymptomatic carriers. Although limited infiltration of leukocytes has been observed in the lower respiratory tract of camelids, their role during infection remains unknown. Here we studied whether llama alveolar macrophages (LAMs) are susceptible to MERS-CoV infection and can elicit pro-inflammatory responses. MERS-CoV did not replicate in LAMs; however, they effectively capture and degrade viral particles. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses showed that LAMs do not induce pro-inflammatory cytokines upon MERS-CoV sensing.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Camelids, New World/metabolism ; Virus Replication ; Coronavirus Infections
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1465093-9
ISSN	1769-714X ; 1286-4579
ISSN (online)	1769-714X
ISSN	1286-4579
DOI	10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105252
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Zs.A 5014: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Clinical, Pathological and Virological Outcomes of Tissue-Homogenate-Derived and Cell-Adapted Strains of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) in a Neonatal Pig Model.

López-Figueroa, Carlos / Cano, Esmeralda / Navarro, Núria / Pérez-Maíllo, Mónica / Pujols, Joan / Núñez, José I / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Segalés, Joaquim

Viruses

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets. Two distinct genogroups, S-INDEL (G1a, G1b) and non-S INDEL (G2a, G2b, and G2c), circulate worldwide and are ... ...

Abstract	Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets. Two distinct genogroups, S-INDEL (G1a, G1b) and non-S INDEL (G2a, G2b, and G2c), circulate worldwide and are characterized by varying degrees of virulence. Here, we compared the early pathogenesis of a PEDV S-INDEL strain obtained from intestine homogenate (CALAF-HOMOG) or adapted to cell culture by 22 passages (CALAF-ADAP) and a virulent non-S INDEL strain (PEDV-USA) in newborn piglets. After orogastric inoculation of PEDV strains, body weight, temperature and clinical signs were monitored for 48 hpi. Pathological studies were performed at 48 hpi and RNA extracts from jejunal content (at 48 hpi) and rectal swabs (at 0 and 48 hpi) were tested for the presence of PEDV RNA as well as sequenced and compared to the inoculum. Piglets inoculated with PEDV-USA and CALAF-HOMOG isolates showed more severe weight loss, diarrhea, villi fusion and atrophy compared to CALAF-ADAP inoculated piglets. The viral load of rectal swabs was higher in the PEDV-USA inoculated group, followed by CALAF-HOMOG and CALAF-ADAP isolates. Similarly, viral RNA load in jejunal content was comparable among PEDV-USA and CALAF-HOMOG inoculated piglets and higher than that of CALAF-ADAP ones. The comparison of three full PEDV sequences of the inocula with the corresponding ones of pigs after 48 hpi yielded a nucleotide identity >99.9%. This study highlights variations in virulence among S-INDEL and non-S INDEL strains and between S-INDEL isolates obtained from homogenate and cell culture.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Genotype ; RNA, Viral
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v16010044
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Article ; Online: Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target.

Veljkovic, Veljko / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Segalés, Joaquim / Paessler, Slobodan

F1000Research

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 52

Abstract: A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for ... ...

Abstract	A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; China ; Humans ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Viral Tropism
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Receptors, Virus ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.22149.4
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Article ; Online: Enhanced replication fitness of MERS-CoV clade B over clade A strains in camelids explains the dominance of clade B strains in the Arabian Peninsula.

Te, Nigeer / Rodon, Jordi / Pérez, Mónica / Segalés, Joaquim / Vergara-Alert, Júlia / Bensaid, Albert

Emerging microbes & infections

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 260–274

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Amino Acid Substitution/genetics ; Animals ; Camelids, New World ; Camelus ; Cell Line ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Cytokines/blood ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/classification ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Qatar/epidemiology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; RNA, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681359-2
ISSN	2222-1751 ; 2222-1751
ISSN (online)	2222-1751
ISSN	2222-1751
DOI	10.1080/22221751.2021.2019559
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Article ; Online: Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV

Veljko Veljkovic / Júlia Vergara-Alert / Joaquim Segalés / Slobodan Paessler

F1000Research, Vol

prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target [version 4; peer review: 2 approved]

2021 Volume 9

Abstract	A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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