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Article ; Online: Bionomics and population dynamics of anopheline larvae from an area dominated by fish farming tanks in northern Brazilian Amazon.

Barbosa, Ledayane Mayana Costa / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0288983

Abstract: Background: In Brazilian Amazon, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities as a consequence of human occupation have created new and artificial larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes, providing conditions for oviposition, development and ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Brazilian Amazon, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities as a consequence of human occupation have created new and artificial larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes, providing conditions for oviposition, development and expansion of malaria vector populations. Objectives: This study aimed to structurally characterize and describe the entomological and limnological parameters of Anopheles larval habitats from a malaria region in northern Brazilian Amazon. Methods: Fifty-two larval habitats were investigated in the District of Ilha de Santana, in the Brazilian state of Amapá, comprising fish farming tanks, ponds, and streams. For entomological parameters, the immature larvae were collected monthly from July 2019 to June 2020. For limnological parameters, the water samples were collected from 20 larval habitats during the sampling period. The data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models, Multivariate analyses, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Fifty habitats were positive for Anopheles larvae and a total of nine species were collected. The fish farming tanks had the highest abundance of larvae compared with ponds and streams. Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus were collected in 94% of the larval habitats and showed the highest positivity index. The degree of shade and the type of water of the breeding sites were important factors for the presence of the main malaria vector, A. darlingi. This species was the most affected by pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that fish farming tanks are major contributors to vector anopheline abundance and malaria transmission. Vector control strategies focused on these habitats are urgently needed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Anopheles ; Brazil ; Malaria ; Mosquito Vectors ; Ecology ; Population Dynamics ; Fisheries ; Larva
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0288983
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phylogeographic inference for Bichromomyia flaviscutellata sensu stricto (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phebotominae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, based on the 3' region of the COI gene.

de Melo, Leonardo Barroso / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

Journal of medical entomology

2023 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 142–151

Abstract: Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) sensu stricto (Diptera: Psychodidae) has been recognized as the main vector of Leishmania amazonensis in the Brazilian Amazon. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to understand the distribution ... ...

Abstract	Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) sensu stricto (Diptera: Psychodidae) has been recognized as the main vector of Leishmania amazonensis in the Brazilian Amazon. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to understand the distribution of genetic diversity of populations of this vector, particularly the genetic structure and gene flow, for its management and control efforts. This study investigated the phylogeographic structure of five B. flaviscutellata s.s. populations from the central Brazilian Amazon region by analyzing 1,141 bp fragment of the 3' region of the COI gene. A total of 85 specimens of B. flaviscutellata s.s. were sequenced from Manaus (14), Rio Preto da Eva (10), Pitinga (14), Novo Airão (21), and Autazes (26); all in the state of Amazonas. The dataset yielded 59 haplotypes, most of them connected to each other in the main network. There were high levels of intrapopulation genetic variability (h = 0.945 ± 0.035 - 0.978 ± 0.054). The genetic distance values among populations varied from moderate (0.0873) to very high (0.3535), and all comparisons were significant, as well as the hierarchical analysis (ΦST = 0.2145). In contrast, these comparisons revealed a high number of shared sites (Ss = 6-34) and no difference in fixed sites (Sf = 0) among populations indicating absence of historical isolation. The Mantel test indicated that 67.92% (r = 0.6792; P = 0.06) of the genetic structure observed in B. flaviscutellata s.s. cannot be explained by the isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. This genetic structure, weakly explained by the IBD, may be due mainly by the forest habitat fragmentation and the low dispersal (flight) capacity of sand flies. Both factors could lead to population fragmentation and isolation, which promote genetic differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the genetic structure observed in the studied populations of B. flaviscutellata s.s. is likely generated by microevolutionary processes acting at the population level at the present time and, therefore, evolutionary lineages were not recognized among the populations analyzed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Psychodidae/genetics ; Brazil ; Rainforest ; Phylogeography ; Ecosystem
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjad125
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Article ; Online: Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) tadei: A new species of the Oswaldoi-konderi complex (Diptera, Anophelinae) and its morphological and molecular distinctions from An. konderi sensu stricto.

Saraiva, José Ferreira / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

Acta tropica

2021 Volume 221, Page(s) 106004

Abstract: The Oswaldoi-konderi Complex (Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus) is composed of five species that have been distinguished and delimited using DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. At least two species of the complex have been formally described, ... ...

Abstract	The Oswaldoi-konderi Complex (Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus) is composed of five species that have been distinguished and delimited using DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. At least two species of the complex have been formally described, namely Anopheles oswaldoi s.s. and An. konderi; however, the identity of An. konderi s.s. is unclear because two morphologically similar species co-exist in the type-locality in the municipality of Coari, Amazonas state, Brazil. Moreover, the study of resurrection and designation of the neotype of An. konderi s.s. included a mixture of both forms. In the present study, mosquitoes were collected in Coari to establish the molecular identity of An. konderi s.s. and describe a new species based on morphological and molecular data. Six females were collected and separated individually for oviposition. The parental progenies were obtained from field collected females, fourth-instar larva, pupa, and female and male were employed for morphological characterization. Genomic DNA from one fourth-instar larva of each progeny was extracted and sequenced for the mtDNA COI barcode region, CAD gene, and the ITS2 rDNA nuclear region to establish the molecular identity of the two morphological forms of An. konderi s.l. The An. konderi neotype was re-examined. The morphological and molecular analyses revealed two distinct groups: the first group was identical to the neotype of An. konderi s.s., whereas the second was found to belong to the group informally referred to as An. sp. near konderi or An. konderi B, herein described as Anopheles tadei n. sp.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Female ; Larva/genetics ; Male ; Pupa
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial ; DNA, Ribosomal
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106004
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Article ; Online: Bioecological Aspects of Species of the Subgenus

Ferreira, Francisco Augusto da Silva / Costa, Fábio Medeiros da / Gouveia, Ayrton Sena / Roque, Rosemary Aparecida / Tadei, Wanderli Pedro / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

Tropical medicine and infectious disease

2023 Volume 8, Issue 10

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate ecological aspects ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to evaluate ecological aspects of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2414-6366
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
DOI	10.3390/tropicalmed8100479
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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Multiple evolutionary lineages for the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), in the Brazilian Amazon.

Scarpassa, Vera Margarete / Cunha-Machado, Antônio Saulo / Alencar, Ronildo Baiatone

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 17176

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-96387-4
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Article ; Online: Anopheline species (Diptera

Vera Margarete Scarpassa / José Ferreira Saraiva

EntomoBrasilis, Vol

Culicidae) from the Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, Brazil

2021 Volume 14

Abstract: Anopheline species were sampled in different ecotones at Maracá Ecological Station and in Cantá municipality, both in Roraima State, Brazil, in June 2016. Nine species were recorded. Six species belong to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus and three species to ... ...

Abstract	Anopheline species were sampled in different ecotones at Maracá Ecological Station and in Cantá municipality, both in Roraima State, Brazil, in June 2016. Nine species were recorded. Six species belong to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus and three species to the subgenus Anopheles. The most abundant species collected were Anopheles triannulatus s.l., Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles oswaldoi species B. The remaining species had frequencies lower than 10%. While A. triannulatus s.l. was the most frequent and the most widely distributed species in the studied area, Anopheles darlingi Root, the main malaria vector in the Brazilian Amazon region, was captured in two different ecotones and in low frequency. Our findings suggest that the risk of malaria outbreaks at Maracá Ecological Station may be low. This study also describes the first record of Anopheles costai Fonseca & Ramos in Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, increasing the distribution range of this taxon.
Keywords	Anopheles ; Brazilian Amazon ; malaria vector ; Maracá Island ; species diversity ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Botany ; QK1-989 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590 ; 580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Entomologistas do Brasil
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Blood-feeding behavior of Anopheles species (Diptera

Ledayane Mayana Costa Barbosa / Vera Margarete Scarpassa

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, Vol 65, Iss

Culicidae) in the district of Ilha de Santana, state of Amapá, eastern Brazilian Amazon

2021 Volume 4

Abstract: ABSTRACT The present study aimed identifying the behavioral patterns of Anopheles species as well as to estimate the parity rate and natural infection analysis for Plasmodium species in the district of Ilha de Santana, state of Amapá, Brazil. The samples ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT The present study aimed identifying the behavioral patterns of Anopheles species as well as to estimate the parity rate and natural infection analysis for Plasmodium species in the district of Ilha de Santana, state of Amapá, Brazil. The samples were obtained in four and 12-hours collections. In the intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary conditions and also in environments with the presence of animals from January/2017 to December/2018. The entomological parameters evaluated were human biting rate (HBR); Indexes of Anthropophily (IA) and Zoophily (IZ); Parity Rate (PR); Natural Infection Rate (NIR); Monthly and annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR). A total of 1,330 Anopheles specimens were collected, distributed in nine species. All captured species showed preference biting in outdoor enviroment. Anopheles darlingi was the most frequent species collected in indoor environment and the most anthropophilic (IA = 0.39) compared with the remaining species captured. It was also the unique species positive for Plasmodium vivax, had the highest anthropophily degree, highest biting activity and HBR in the first hours with a hight rate of parous females. Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. was the most zoophilic species (IZ = 0.65). These findings suggest that A. darlingi is the main malaria vector in the studied area. Anopheles albitarsis s.l. was the second species more anthropophilic (IA = 0.31) and revealed a stable pattern with a biting activity peak after sunset, consequently this species may contribute with malaria transmission in area.
Keywords	Behavioral patterns ; Entomological parameters ; Malaria ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction

Vera Margarete Scarpassa / Antônio Saulo Cunha-Machado / Ronildo Baiatone Alencar

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Multiple evolutionary lineages for the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 Volume 3

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Morphology of the eggs surface of ten Brazilian species of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Alencar, Ronildo Baiatone / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

Acta tropica

2018 Volume 187, Page(s) 182–189

Abstract: The chorionic sculpturing of ten Brazilian sandfly species, Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho), N. whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira), B. olmeca nociva (Young and Arias), Evandromyia walkeri (Newstead), E. williamsi ( ... ...

Abstract	The chorionic sculpturing of ten Brazilian sandfly species, Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho), N. whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira), B. olmeca nociva (Young and Arias), Evandromyia walkeri (Newstead), E. williamsi (Antunes and Coutinho), Deanemyia maruaga (Alves, Freitas and Barrett), D. samueli (Deane), Viannamyia furcata (Mangabeira) and Lutzomyia dispar (Martins and Silva), was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Eggs of the last seven species, as well as the genera Deanemyia and Viannamyia, are described for the first time. In total, five patterns of chorionic sculpturing were found: polygonal, connected parallel ridges, unconnected parallel ridges, volcano-like and placoid. The last one is a new chorionic sculpture pattern, which was observed in D. samueli. These structures are illustrated and discussed. These results show that egg morphology can be used in phlebotomine taxonomy, both at generic and specific levels.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil ; Female ; Insect Vectors ; Leishmaniasis/transmission ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Ovum/ultrastructure ; Phlebotomus ; Psychodidae
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.023
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Article ; Online: Molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic inferences of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata complex based on the COI gene DNA barcode region.

Melo, Leonardo Barroso de / Alencar, Ronildo Baiatone / Scarpassa, Vera Margarete

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

2020 Volume 81, Page(s) 104256

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is considered one of the six most important infectious diseases in the world. In spite of its importance, the leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases. Bichromomyia flaviscutellata sensu lato is a complex ... ...

Abstract	Leishmaniasis is considered one of the six most important infectious diseases in the world. In spite of its importance, the leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases. Bichromomyia flaviscutellata sensu lato is a complex composed of at least three species: B. flaviscutellata sensu stricto, B. reducta and B. olmeca. The latter is composed of three subspecies: B. olmeca olmeca, B. olmeca bicolor and B. olmeca nociva, which are distributed from Central America to South America. Of these, B. flaviscutellata s.s. is recognized as the main vector of Leishmania amazonensis in Brazil. The present study aimed to identify molecularly the species and subspecies of the B. flaviscutellata complex using the 5' region of the COI gene (Barcode region). A total of 44 specimens, comprising 22 B. flaviscutellata s.s. and 22 B. olmeca nociva, were analyzed from six localities in the Brazilian Amazon: five in the State of Amazonas (Autazes, Manaus, Pitinga, Novo Airão, and Rio Preto da Eva), and one in the State of Pará (Serra do Cachorro). Three sequences from B. olmeca olmeca and one of B. olmeca bicolor from GenBank were also added to the dataset, totaling 48 sequences with a length of 549 base pairs (bp). The total dataset generated 28 haplotypes and four disconnected networks. Phylogenetic analyses using three algorithms (Neighbor-Joining [NJ], Maximum Likelihood [ML] and Bayesian Inference [BI]) generated similar topologies and most clades were from moderately to highly supported. The phylogenetic relationship, together with genetic distance values (1%) and haplotypes networks, confirm the position of B. olmeca bicolor as a subspecies of B. olmeca olmeca. However, B. olmeca nociva was closer phylogenetically to B. flaviscutellata s.s. than to B. olmeca olmeca and B. olmeca bicolor. Additionally, the haplotype network separated B. olmeca nociva from B. olmeca olmeca and B. olmeca bicolor. These findings, combined with previous morphological data, suggest that the B. olmeca nociva should be elevated to full-species status. The findings of this study also found that B. flaviscutellata s.s. populations may be in process of forming lineages.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Brazil ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; Genes, Insect/genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Insect Vectors/classification ; Insect Vectors/genetics ; Insecta/classification ; Insecta/genetics ; Leishmania/pathogenicity ; Leishmaniasis/parasitology ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
ISSN (online)	1567-7257
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104256
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