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Article ; Online: Light Curing Units And Their Intensity Output In Dental Setups Of Islamabad And Rawalpindi.

Ashfaq, Ahmed Usman / Faridi, Muhammad Ali / Bhatti, Usman Anwer / Khabeer, Abdul

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

2022 Volume 33Suppl 1, Issue 4, Page(s) S769–S772

Abstract: Background: Dental composites are commonly used to restore teeth. However, to ensure adequate physical properties and biocompatibility, they require sufficient light intensity with the help of light curing units (LCU). This study aimed to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dental composites are commonly used to restore teeth. However, to ensure adequate physical properties and biocompatibility, they require sufficient light intensity with the help of light curing units (LCU). This study aimed to evaluate the type and intensity of LCU being used in the dental setups of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Methods: Dental clinics were visited and the type of the LCU was noted. Three consecutive intensity measurements were taken using a radiometer. For Quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) LCU, a light intensity below 300mW/cm2 was considered unsatisfactory, while for light-emitting diode (LED) LCU, a reading below 600mW/cm2 was considered unsatisfactory. To analyse the difference between the output intensities of the two LCU, Mann-Whitney U test was used (p<0.05), while Fisher's Exact test was used for the association between the type of LCU and clinical acceptability of output intensity. Results: A total of 96 LCU were evaluated, out of which, eight were QTH and 88 were LED. A total of 16.7% LCU were considered unsatisfactory. Amongst them, 62.5% QTH had intensity less than 300mW/cm2, while for LED, 12.5% had intensity below 600mW/cm2. The mean intensity for LED was statistically significant compared to QTH LCU (p<0.05). A statistically significant association existed between the type of LCU and their intensity (p<0.05). Conclusion: A trend towards the use of LED LCU in the dental setups of Islamabad and Rawalpindi was observed. LED LCU showed greater mean light intensity than QTH LCU. Periodic evaluation of LCU using radiometers is suggested to ensure optimal intensity output.
MeSH term(s)	Composite Resins ; Curing Lights, Dental ; Halogens ; Humans ; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives ; Materials Testing
Chemical Substances	Composite Resins ; Halogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192473-9
ISSN	1819-2718 ; 1025-9589
ISSN (online)	1819-2718
ISSN	1025-9589
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Deciphering Multi-target Pharmacological Mechanism of Cucurbita pepo Seeds against Kidney Stones: Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach.

Shahzadi, Aqsa / Ashfaq, Usman Ali / Khurshid, Mohsin / Nisar, Muhammad Atif / Syed, Asad / Bahkali, Ali H

Current pharmaceutical design

2024

Abstract: Background: Urolithiasis is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity and economic implications. The economic burden associated with urolithiasis primarily stems from medical expenses. Previous literature suggests that herbal plants, including ... ...

Abstract	Background: Urolithiasis is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity and economic implications. The economic burden associated with urolithiasis primarily stems from medical expenses. Previous literature suggests that herbal plants, including Cucurbita pepo, have lithotriptic capabilities. C. pepo is an annual, herbaceous, widely grown, and monoecious vegetative plant known for its antioxidants, fibers, and fatty acids. Recent studies on C. pepo seeds have shown therapeutic potential in reducing bladder stones and urodynamic illnesses, like kidney stones. However, the precise molecular and pharmacological mechanisms are unclear. Objective: In this research, we employed network pharmacology and molecular docking to examine the active compounds and biological mechanisms of Cucurbita pepo against kidney stones. Methods: Active constituents were obtained from previous studies and the IMPPAT database, with their targets predicted using Swiss target prediction. Kidney stone-associated genes were collected from DisGeNET and GeneCards. The active constituent-target-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape, and the target protein-protein interaction network was generated using the STRING database. Gene enrichment analysis of C. pepo core targets was conducted using DAVID. Molecular docking was performed to identify potential kidney stone-fighting agents. Results: The findings revealed that Cucurbita pepo contains 18 active components and has 192 potential gene targets, including AR, EGFR, ESR1, AKT1, MAPK3, SRC, and MTOR. Network analysis demonstrated that C. pepo seeds may prevent kidney stones by influencing disease-related signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated that key kidney stone targets (mTOR, EGFR, AR, and ESR1) effectively bind with active constituents of C. pepo. Conclusion: These findings provide insight into the anti-kidney stone effects of Cucurbita pepo at a molecular level. In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding the potential of Cucurbita pepo in combating kidney stones and lays the foundation for further research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/0113816128271781231104151155
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Article: Association Between Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and the Incidence of Thromboembolism Following Orthopedic Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Ghulam, Moula / Ashfaq, Zarbakhta / Ali, Saad / Nawaz, Ahad / Anthony, Nouman / Ghani, Usman / Farooq, Omer

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e52652

Abstract: Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant concern following orthopedic procedures, necessitating effective prophylactic measures. The rates of VTE prophylaxis, however, vary widely between institutions and nations, falling between 13% ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant concern following orthopedic procedures, necessitating effective prophylactic measures. The rates of VTE prophylaxis, however, vary widely between institutions and nations, falling between 13% and 70% on average. In the absence of adequate thromboprophylaxis, pulmonary embolism, which accounts for 5% to 10% of mortality in hospitalized patients, is one of the leading causes of death. This study investigates the relationship between VTE prophylaxis and thromboembolism incidence, considering patient characteristics, risk assessment completion, anticoagulant prescription, and weight-bearing status. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge gap by examining the relationship between VTE prevention and the prevalence of thromboembolism also to examine the anticoagulant prescription trends for patients being discharged from orthopedic operations and to investigate the connection between post-procedure weight-bearing status and the development of VTE problems. Methodology: A retrospective, cross-sectional design was employed, analyzing 200 orthopedic procedure patients from January to June of 2023 performed at Rehman Medical Institute. After getting ethical approval from the institutional ethical approval board, data were collected on the basis of variables encompassing patient attributes, surgery details, VTE risk factors, prophylaxis type, and VTE complications. Data was entered and analyzed via IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), and the data were run through various tests including descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and chi-square. Results were then presented in the form of a table. Results: Among 200 individuals 24 individuals experienced VTE, while 176 did not. Significant gender-based VTE differences were observed (p = 0.01). Hypertension (HTN) showed a significant association (p = 0.04) with VTE. Major surgeries were correlated with higher VTE incidence (p = 0.03). Pharmacological prophylaxis reduced the occurrence of VTE (p = 0.01). Early mobilization and Ted stockings were correlated with lower VTE incidence (p = 0.04, p = 0.12). Conclusion: This study reveals gender-specific VTE differences, emphasizes the role of HTN, surgical nature, and prophylaxis in VTE incidence, and supports tailored prophylactic strategies. Our findings align with previous research and emphasize the significance of tailored prophylaxis strategies. By examining multiple factors, including gender, co-morbidities, surgical characteristics, and prophylactic methods, our study contributes to the evidence base that supports clinical decision-making and enhances patient safety in orthopedic surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.52652
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Multitarget Mechanisms of Monocarbonyl Curcuminoid Analogues against HL-60 Cancer Cells:

Rahman, Aisha / Noor, Fatima / Ashfaq, Usman Ali / Darwish, Hany W / Aschner, Michael / Din, Zia Ud / Khan, Haroon

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) 11836–11847

Abstract: This study addressed the cytotoxic potential of four compounds: monocarbonyl curcuminoid, ethyl (2E)-2-benzylidene-3- ... ...

Abstract	This study addressed the cytotoxic potential of four compounds: monocarbonyl curcuminoid, ethyl (2E)-2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanoate
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c09427
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Article: Up-scaling of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete to investigate the binary effect of locally available metakaolin with fly ash.

Ashfaq, Muhammad Hassan / Sharif, Muhammad Burhan / Irfan-Ul-Hassan, Muhammad / Sahar, Umbreen Us / Akmal, Usman / Mohamed, Abdullah

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e26331

Abstract: Owing to the increasing threat to environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases from cement industry globally, various promising solutions has been introduced in the past decades. The development of geoplymer concrete (GPC) is one of the ... ...

Abstract	Owing to the increasing threat to environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases from cement industry globally, various promising solutions has been introduced in the past decades. The development of geoplymer concrete (GPC) is one of the contribution by the researches towards ecofriendly and sustainable construction. In this research, geopolymer concrete (GPC) is optimized by adding fixed amount of fly Ash (FA) and alkali activator to fine aggregate ratio as 0.5 with varying Molarity from 12 M to 16 M and
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26331
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Article ; Online: The antihyperglycemic potential of pyrazolobenzothiazine 1, 1-dioxide novel derivative in mice using integrated molecular pharmacological approach.

Taj, Saman / Ashfaq, Usman Ali / Ahmad, Matloob / Noor, Hasnat / Ikram, Ayesha / Ahmed, Rashid / Tariq, Muhammad / Masoud, Muhammad Shareef / Hasan, Anwarul

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7746

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by inadequate insulin production, which subsequently leads to hyperglycemia. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by inadequate insulin production, which subsequently leads to hyperglycemia. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of pyrazolobenzothiazine derivatives in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Molecular docking of pyrazolobenzothiazine derivatives was performed against α-glucosidase and α-amylase and compounds were selected based on docking score, bonding interactions and low root mean square deviation (RMSD). Enzyme inhibition assay against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was performed in vitro using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and starch substrate. Synthetic compound pyrazolobenzothiazine (S1) exhibited minimal conformational changes during the 100 ns MD simulation run. S1 also revealed effective IC50 values for α-glucosidase (3.91 µM) and α-amylase (8.89 µM) and an enzyme kinetic study showed low ki (- 0.186 µM, - 1.267 µM) and ki' (- 0.691 µM, - 1.78 µM) values with the competitive type of inhibition for both enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Moreover, studies were conducted to check the effect of the synthetic compound in a mouse model. A low necrosis rate was observed in the liver, kidney, and pancreas through histology analysis performed on mice. Compound S1 also exhibited a good biochemical profile with lower sugar level (110-115 mg/dL), increased insulin level (25-30 μM/L), and low level of cholesterol (85 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.6 mg/dL) in blood. The treated mice group also exhibited a low % of glycated haemoglobin (3%). This study concludes that S1 is a new antidiabetic-agent that helps lower blood glucose levels and minimizes the complications associated with type-II diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry ; alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy ; Insulin ; alpha-Amylases/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; alpha-Glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) ; Insulin ; alpha-Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-49932-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Exploring the Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potential of NF22 as a Potent Inhibitor of

Munir, Samman / Khurshid, Mohsin / Ahmad, Matloob / Ashfaq, Usman Ali / Zaki, Magdi E A

Pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12

Abstract: Toward the search for novel antimicrobial agents to control ... ...

Abstract	Toward the search for novel antimicrobial agents to control pathogenic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics14122768
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Article ; Online: Recent Updates on Peptide Molecules in Drug and Vaccine Development.

Sarfaraz, Mamoona / Anjum, Faiqa / Zahra, Duaa / Maqsood, Ayesha / Ashfaq, Usman Ali

Current pharmaceutical design

2023 Volume 29, Issue 20, Page(s) 1564–1578

Abstract: Peptides are of great importance in the areas of science because they can act as drug carriers and their therapeutic effect and their ability to generate an immune response. As culturing of viral agents for drugs and vaccine development is harmful, ... ...

Abstract	Peptides are of great importance in the areas of science because they can act as drug carriers and their therapeutic effect and their ability to generate an immune response. As culturing of viral agents for drugs and vaccine development is harmful, therefore, peptide-based drugs and vaccines have achieved great importance. Large immunoglobulins cannot pass the plasma membrane, so peptides are used to study this interaction because of their small size. Peptides with substituted amino acid sequences are also stable in blood serum, which makes them significant for drug development. Peptides with substituted amino acid sequences are stable in blood serum hence, their stability, small size, easy screening, cost-effectiveness, ease of administration and particularity (target specificity) make them effective to be used in pharmaceutical companies. Mostly branched peptides are used for the development of drugs because they are not prone to be degraded by proteolytic enzymes. In peptide-based vaccines, protein acts as the main constituent from which the main component that causes the infection is deleted by recombinant DNA technology, and these peptides act as antigens to stimulate the immune response. Self-assembled peptides have the main role in the delivery of drugs and vaccine molecules inside the living cells because they may also assemble into nano technological structures to improve their efficiency. This review focuses on the characteristics of peptides that make them effective to develop drugs and vaccines. Different peptides like synthetic peptides, antimicrobial peptides, signal peptides, carrier peptides, and their role against various viral, pathogenic, and microbial diseases and in cosmetics are described briefly.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Peptides/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Vaccine Development
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Peptides ; Vaccines, Subunit
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612829666230717121632
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Article: Infliximab-Associated Acneiform Eruption in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Khatana, Usman Feroze / Qamar, Ali / Ashfaq, Mohammad B

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 9, Page(s) e18213

Abstract: Biologic agents are increasingly used for many autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, as they are both steroid sparing and can potentially induce and maintain remission. Notably tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha antagonists are particularly useful in ... ...

Abstract	Biologic agents are increasingly used for many autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, as they are both steroid sparing and can potentially induce and maintain remission. Notably tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha antagonists are particularly useful in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets TNF alpha (cytokine involved in modulation of inflammatory responses) and neutralizes its effects. As infliximab is a generic TNF alpha inhibitor, it can cause non-specific immune mediated side effects in addition to its intended therapeutic effect on the target organ (i.e., the gut in IBD). We present a case of a gentleman developing a rare dermatological side effect of an acneiform reaction, after the use of infliximab for his CD. Monitoring anti-TNF alpha antibodies may help identify patients at a higher risk of developing adverse reactions. In addition, gut specific biologic agents (vedolizumab) may be the next preferable step in individuals with IBD who demonstrate reactions and/or intolerance to non-specific TNF alpha inhibitors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.18213
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Article ; Online: Insights into measles virus: Serological surveillance and molecular characterization.

Khalid, Zainab / Muhammad, Javed / Ali, Hina / Rana, Muhammad Suleman / Usman, Muhammad / Alam, Muhammad Masroor / Ullah, Riaz / Ullah, Arif / Umair, Massab / Ahmad, Ashfaq / Salman, Muhammad / Ikram, Aamer / Khan, Amjad / Bari, Ahmed

Journal of infection and public health

2024 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 994–1000

Abstract: Background: Measles has been a significant public health concern in Pakistan, especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, where sporadic and silent epidemics continue to challenge existing control measures. This study aimed to estimate the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Measles has been a significant public health concern in Pakistan, especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, where sporadic and silent epidemics continue to challenge existing control measures. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and investigate the molecular epidemiology of the measles virus (MeV) in KPK and explore the vaccination status among the suspected individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and October 2021. A total of 336 suspected measles cases from the study population were analyzed for IgM antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Throat swabs were randomly collected from a subset of positive cases for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of MeV isolates was performed using the neighbor-joining method. The vaccination status of individuals was also recorded. Results: Among the suspected participants, 61.0% (205/336) were ELISA positive for IgM antibodies, with a higher prevalence in males (64.17%) compared to females (57.04%). The majority of cases (36.0%) were observed in infants and toddlers, consistent with previous reports. The majority of IgM-positive cases (71.7%) had not received any dose of measles vaccine, highlighting gaps in vaccine coverage and the need for improved immunization programs. Genetic analysis revealed that all MeV isolates belonged to the B3 genotype, with minor genetic variations from previously reported variants in the region. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the genetic epidemiology of the MeV in KPK, Pakistan. The high incidence of measles infection among unvaccinated individuals highlights the urgency of raising awareness about vaccine importance and strengthening routine immunization programs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2467587-8
ISSN	1876-035X ; 1876-0341
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
ISSN	1876-0341
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.028
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