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Article ; Online: Wnt/beta-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma: Two Main Targets for Drug Design: A Review.

Shahcheraghi, Seyed H / Tchokonte-Nana, Venant / Lotfi, Marzieh / Lotfi, Malihe / Ghorbani, Ahmad / Sadeghnia, Hamid R

2020 Volume 26, Issue 15, Page(s) 1729–1741

Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant astrocytic glioma, accounting for about 90% of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and the improved neuroimaging ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant astrocytic glioma, accounting for about 90% of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and the improved neuroimaging technologies, surgery, and adjuvant treatments, the clinical prognosis of patients with GBM remains persistently unfavorable. The signaling pathways and the regulation of growth factors of glioblastoma cells are very abnormal. The various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in cellular proliferation, invasion, and glioma metastasis. The Wnt signaling pathway with its pleiotropic functions in neurogenesis and stem cell proliferation is implicated in various human cancers, including glioma. In addition, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is closely related to growth, metabolism, survival, angiogenesis, autophagy, and chemotherapy resistance of GBM. Understanding the mechanisms of GBM's invasion, represented by invasion and migration, is an important tool in designing effective therapeutic interventions. This review will investigate two main signaling pathways in GBM: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Design ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; beta Catenin
Chemical Substances	beta Catenin ; MTOR protein, human (EC 2.7.1.1) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.1.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-12
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612826666200131100630
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Article ; Online: How gallic acid regulates molecular signaling: role in cancer drug resistance.

Hassani, Samira / Ghanbari, Fahimeh / Lotfi, Marzieh / Alam, Waqas / Aschner, Michael / Popović-Djordjević, Jelena / Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein / Khan, Haroon

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

2023 Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 308

Abstract: Cancer is one of the deadliest and most heterogeneous diseases. Cancers often develop drug resistance, which can lead to treatment failure or recurrence. Accordingly, anticancer compounds are essential for chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. Phenolic ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is one of the deadliest and most heterogeneous diseases. Cancers often develop drug resistance, which can lead to treatment failure or recurrence. Accordingly, anticancer compounds are essential for chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. Phenolic compounds are of interest in the development of cancer drugs due to their medicinal properties and ability to target different molecular pathways. Gallic acid (GA), as one of the main components of phenol, which is abundantly present in plant compounds such as walnut, sumac, grapes, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plant compounds, has antitumor properties. GA can prevent cancer progression, cell invasion, and metastasis by targeting molecular pathways and is an effective complement to chemotherapy drugs and combating multidrug resistance (MDR). In this review, we discuss various mechanisms related to cancer, the therapeutic potential of GA, the antitumor properties of GA in various cancers, and the targeted delivery of GA with nanocarriers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gallic Acid/pharmacology ; Gallic Acid/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Gallic Acid (632XD903SP) ; Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1201189-7
ISSN	1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
ISSN	0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
DOI	10.1007/s12032-023-02178-4
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Article ; Online: Resveratrol regulates inflammation and improves oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling pathway: Therapeutic and biotechnological prospects.

Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein / Salemi, Fateme / Small, Shlomo / Syed, Suliman / Salari, Farzam / Alam, Waqas / Cheang, Wai San / Saso, Luciano / Khan, Haroon

Phytotherapy research : PTR

2023 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 1590–1605

Abstract: Usually, in aerobic metabolism, natural materials including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can experience auxiliary injury by oxidative responses. This damage produced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species has been identified as "oxidative stress." As ...

Abstract	Usually, in aerobic metabolism, natural materials including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can experience auxiliary injury by oxidative responses. This damage produced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species has been identified as "oxidative stress." As a natural polyphenol got from red wine and peanuts, resveratrol is one of the most eminent anti-aging mixtures. Based on many studies', resveratrol hinders destructive effects of inflammatory causes and reactive oxygen radicals in several tissues. The nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 is a factor related to transcription with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant possessions which is complicated by enzyme biotransformation and biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. This review provides current understanding and information about the character of resveratrol against oxidative stress and regulation of inflammation via Nrf2 signaling pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Resveratrol/therapeutic use ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Signal Transduction ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Resveratrol (Q369O8926L) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.7754
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Article ; Online: Effects of Galbanic Acid on Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis of Glioblastoma Cells Through the PI3K/Akt/MTOR Signaling Pathway.

Shahcheraghi, Seyed H / Lotfi, Marzieh / Soukhtanloo, Mohammad / Ghayour Mobarhan, Majid / Jaliani, Hossein Z / Sadeghnia, Hamid R / Ghorbani, Ahmad

Current molecular pharmacology

2020 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–87

Abstract: Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Galbanic acid, a natural sesquiterpene coumarin, has shown favorable effects on cancerous cells in previous studies.: Objective: The aim of the present work ... ...

Abstract	Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Galbanic acid, a natural sesquiterpene coumarin, has shown favorable effects on cancerous cells in previous studies. Objective: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of galbanic acid on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the human malignant glioblastoma (U87) cells. Methods: The anti-proliferative activity of the compound was determined by the MTT assay. Cell cycle alterations and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. Action on cell migration was evaluated by scratch assay and gelatin zymography. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was used to determine the expression of genes involved in cell migration (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) and survival (the pathways of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and WNT/β-catenin). Alteration in the level of protein Akt was determined by Western blotting. Results: Galbanic acid significantly decreased cell proliferation, inhibited cell cycle, and stimulated apoptosis of the glioblastoma cells. Moreover, it could decrease the migration capability of glioblastoma cells, which was accompanied by inhibition in the activity and expression of MMP2 and MMP9. While galbanic acid reduced the gene expression of Akt, mTOR, and PI3K and increased the PTEN expression, it had no significant effect on WNT, β-catenin, and APC genes. In addition, the protein level of p-Akt decreased after treatment with galbanic acid. The effects of galbanic acid were observed at concentrations lower than those of temozolomide. Conclusion: Galbanic acid decreased proliferation, cell cycle progression, and survival of glioblastoma cells through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This compound also reduced the migration capability of the cells by suppressing the activity and expression of MMPs.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Coumarins/chemistry ; Coumarins/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Coumarins ; Wnt Proteins ; beta Catenin ; galbanic acid (9OFS0HWC92) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (EC 3.4.24.24) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-12
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1874-4702
ISSN (online)	1874-4702
DOI	10.2174/1874467213666200512075507
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Article ; Online: The Role of NRF2/KEAP1 Pathway in Glioblastoma: Pharmacological Implications.

Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein / Salemi, Fateme / Alam, Waqas / Ashworth, Henry / Saso, Luciano / Khan, Haroon / Lotfi, Marzieh

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

2022 Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) 91

Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) grade IV glioma is the most frequent and deadly intracranial cancer. This tumor is determined by unrestrained progression, uncontroled angiogenesis, high infiltration and weak response to treatment, which is chiefly because ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) grade IV glioma is the most frequent and deadly intracranial cancer. This tumor is determined by unrestrained progression, uncontroled angiogenesis, high infiltration and weak response to treatment, which is chiefly because of abnormal signaling pathways in the tumor. A member related to the Cap 'n' collar family of keypart-leucine zipper transcription agents-the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulates adaptive protection answers by organized upregulation of many genes that produce the cytoprotective factors. In reply to cellular pressures types such as stresses, Nrf2 escapes Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1)-facilitated suppression, moves from the cytoplasm towards the nucleus and performs upregulation of gene expression of antioxidant responsive element (ARE). Nrf2 function is related tocontrolling many types of diseases in the human specially GBM tumor.Thus, we will review the epigeneticalregulatory actions on the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and potential therapeutic options in GBM by aiming the stimulation of Nrf2.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Glioblastoma/genetics ; Humans ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; KEAP1 protein, human ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1201189-7
ISSN	1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
ISSN	0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
DOI	10.1007/s12032-022-01693-0
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Article ; Online: Nrf2 Regulation by Curcumin: Molecular Aspects for Therapeutic Prospects.

Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein / Salemi, Fateme / Peirovi, Niloufar / Ayatollahi, Jamshid / Alam, Waqas / Khan, Haroon / Saso, Luciano

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 27, Issue 1

Abstract: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (2Nrf2) is an essential leucine zipper protein (bZIP) that is primarily located in the cytoplasm under physiological conditions. Nrf2 principally modulates endogenous defense in response to oxidative stress ... ...

Abstract	Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (2Nrf2) is an essential leucine zipper protein (bZIP) that is primarily located in the cytoplasm under physiological conditions. Nrf2 principally modulates endogenous defense in response to oxidative stress in the brain.In this regard, Nrf2 translocates into the nucleus and heterodimerizes with the tiny Maf or Jun proteins. It then attaches to certain DNA locations in the nucleus, such as electrophile response elements (EpRE) or antioxidant response elements (ARE), to start the transcription of cytoprotective genes. Many neoplasms have been shown to have over activated Nrf2, strongly suggesting that it is responsible for tumors with a poor prognosis. Exactly like curcumin, Zinc-curcumin Zn (II)-curc compound has been shown to induce Nrf2 activation. In the cancer cell lines analyzed, Zinc-curcumin Zn (II)-curc compound can also display anticancer effects via diverse molecular mechanisms, including markedly increasing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) p62/SQSTM1 and the Nrf2 protein levels along with its targets. It also strikingly decreases the levels of Nrf2 inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein.As a result, the crosstalk between p62/SQSTM1 and Nrf2 could be used to improve cancer patient response to treatments. The interconnected anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of curcumin resulted from its modulatory effects on Nrf2 signaling pathway have been shown to improve insulin resistance. Curcumin exerts its anti-inflammatory impact through suppressing metabolic reactions and proteins such as Keap1 that provoke inflammation and oxidation. A rational amount of curcumin-activated antioxidant Nrf2 HO-1 and Nrf2-Keap1 pathways and upregulated the modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase involved in the production of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione. Enhanced expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a modifier subunit (GLCM), inhibited transcription of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a catalytic subunit (GCLC). A variety of in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies has been done so far to confirm the protective role of curcumin via Nrf2 regulation. This manuscript is designed to provide a comprehensive review on the molecular aspects of curcumin and its derivatives/analogs via regulation of Nrf2 regulation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use ; Carrier Proteins ; Curcumin/chemistry ; Curcumin/pharmacology ; Curcumin/therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Transcriptional Activation
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Carrier Proteins ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; NFE2L2 protein, human ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27010167
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Article ; Online: Nanoarchitectures in Management of Fungal Diseases

Vijay Mishra / Manvendra Singh / Yachana Mishra / Nitin Charbe / Pallavi Nayak / Kalvatala Sudhakar / Alaa A. A. Aljabali / Seyed H. Shahcheraghi / Hamid Bakshi / Ángel Serrano-Aroca / Murtaza M. Tambuwala

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 7119, p

An Overview

2021 Volume 7119

Abstract: Fungal infections, from mild itching to fatal infections, lead to chronic diseases and death. Antifungal agents have incorporated chemical compounds and natural products/phytoconstituents in the management of fungal diseases. In contrast to antibacterial ...

Abstract	Fungal infections, from mild itching to fatal infections, lead to chronic diseases and death. Antifungal agents have incorporated chemical compounds and natural products/phytoconstituents in the management of fungal diseases. In contrast to antibacterial research, novel antifungal drugs have progressed more swiftly because of their mild existence and negligible resistance of infections to antifungal bioactivities. Nanotechnology-based carriers have gained much attention due to their magnificent abilities. Nanoarchitectures have served as excellent carriers/drug delivery systems (DDS) for delivering antifungal drugs with improved antifungal activities, bioavailability, targeted action, and reduced cytotoxicity. This review outlines the different fungal diseases and their treatment strategies involving various nanocarrier-based techniques such as liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, niosomes, spanlastics, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, and nanoemulsions, among other nanotechnological approaches.
Keywords	fungal infection ; nanoarchitecture carriers ; drug delivery ; antifungal drugs ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools.

CNS & neurological disorders drug targets

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–65

Abstract: Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective ... ...

Abstract	Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Genetic Therapy ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mental Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2228394-8
ISSN	1996-3181 ; 1871-5273
ISSN (online)	1996-3181
ISSN	1871-5273
DOI	10.2174/1871527321666220304153719
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Article ; Online: An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19.

Therapeutic delivery

2021 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 235–244

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Multiple candidate vaccines - peptide, virus-like particle, viral vectors (replicating and nonreplicating), nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), live attenuated virus, recombinant designed proteins and inactivated virus - are presently under various stages of expansion, and a small number of vaccine candidates have progressed into clinical phases. At the time of writing, three major pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer and Moderna, have their vaccines under mass production and administered to the public. This review aims to investigate the most critical vaccines developed for COVID-19 to date.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2041-6008
ISSN (online)	2041-6008
DOI	10.4155/tde-2020-0129
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Article: The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery.

Aljabali, Alaa Aa / Hassan, Sk Sarif / Pabari, Ritesh M / Shahcheraghi, Seyed H / Mishra, Vijay / Charbe, Nitin B / Chellappan, Dinesh K / Dureja, Harish / Gupta, Gaurav / Almutary, Abdulmajeed G / Alnuqaydan, Abdullah M / Verma, Suresh K / Panda, Pritam K / Mishra, Yogendra Kumar / Serrano-Aroca, Ángel / Dua, Kamal / Uversky, Vladimir N / Redwan, Elrashdy M / Bahar, Bojlul /

Bhatia, Amit / Negi, Poonam / Goyal, Rohit / McCarron, Paul / Bakshi, Hamid A / Tambuwala, Murtaza M

Future science OA

2021 Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) FSO744

Abstract: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2056-5623
ISSN	2056-5623
DOI	10.2144/fsoa-2021-0031
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