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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges and Recommendations in Assessing Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Properties of Metals in Aquatic Organisms.

    Brix, Kevin V / Baken, Stijn / Poland, Craig A / Blust, Ronny / Pope, Louise J / Tyler, Charles R

    Environmental toxicology and chemistry

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 2564–2579

    Abstract: New tools and refined frameworks for identifying and regulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are being developed as our scientific understanding of how they work advances. Although focus has largely been on organic chemicals, the potential for ... ...

    Abstract New tools and refined frameworks for identifying and regulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are being developed as our scientific understanding of how they work advances. Although focus has largely been on organic chemicals, the potential for metals to act as EDCs in aquatic systems is receiving increasing attention. Metal interactions with the endocrine system are complicated because some metals are essential to physiological systems, including the endocrine system, and nonessential metals can have similar physiochemical attributes that allow substitution into or interference with these systems. Consequently, elevated metal exposure could potentially cause endocrine disruption (ED) but can also cause indirect effects on the endocrine system via multiple pathways or elicit physiologically appropriate compensatory endocrine-mediated responses (endocrine modulation). These latter two effects can be confused with, but are clearly not, ED. In the present study, we provide several case studies that exemplify the challenges encountered in evaluating the endocrine-disrupting (ED) potential of metals, followed by recommendations on how to meet them. Given that metals have multiple modes of action (MOAs), we recommend that assessments use metal-specific adverse outcome pathway networks to ensure that accurate causal links are made between MOAs and effects on the endocrine system. We recommend more focus on establishing molecular initiating events for chronic metal toxicity because these are poorly understood and would reduce uncertainty regarding the potential for metals to be EDCs. Finally, more generalized MOAs such as oxidative stress could be involved in metal interactions with the endocrine system, and we suggest it may be experimentally efficient to evaluate these MOAs when ED is inferred. These experiments, however, must provide explicit linkage to the ED endpoints of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2564-2579. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
    MeSH term(s) Aquatic Organisms ; Ecotoxicology ; Endocrine Disruptors/analysis ; Metals/toxicity ; Metals/metabolism ; Endocrine System
    Chemical Substances Endocrine Disruptors ; Metals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 46234-2
    ISSN 1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
    ISSN (online) 1552-8618
    ISSN 0730-7268
    DOI 10.1002/etc.5741
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: State-by-state estimates of avoidable trauma mortality with early and liberal versus delayed or restricted administration of tranexamic acid.

    Bivens, Matthew J / Fritz, Christie L / Burke, Ryan C / Schoenfeld, David W / Pope, Jennifer V

    BMC emergency medicine

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 191

    Abstract: Objective: Early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to save lives in trauma patients, and some U.S. emergency medical systems (EMS) have begun providing this therapy prehospital. Treatment protocols vary from state to state: Some ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to save lives in trauma patients, and some U.S. emergency medical systems (EMS) have begun providing this therapy prehospital. Treatment protocols vary from state to state: Some offer TXA broadly to major trauma patients, others reserve it for patients meeting vital sign criteria, and still others defer TXA entirely pending a hospital evaluation. The purpose of this study is to compare the avoidable mortality achievable under each of these strategies, and to report on the various approaches used by EMS.
    Methods: We used the National Center for Health Statistics Underlying Cause of Death data to identify a TXA-naïve population of trauma patients who died from 2007 to 2012 due to hemorrhage. We estimated the proportion of deaths where the patient was hypotensive or tachycardic using the National Trauma Data Bank. We used avoidable mortality risk ratios from the landmark CRASH 2 study to calculate lives saved had TXA been given within one hour of injury based on a clinician's gestalt the patient was at risk for significant hemorrhage; had it been reserved only for hypotensive or tachycardic patients; or had it been given between hours one to three of injury, considered here as a surrogate for deferring the question to the receiving hospital.
    Results: Had TXA been given within 1 hour of injury, an average of 3409 deaths per year could have been averted nationally. Had TXA been given between one and three hours after injury, 2236 deaths per year could have been averted. Had TXA only been given to either tachycardic or hypotensive trauma patients, 1371 deaths per year could have been averted. Had TXA only been given to hypotensive trauma patients, 616 deaths per year could have been averted. Similar trends are seen at the individual state level. A review of EMS practices found 15 statewide protocols that allow EMS providers to administer TXA for trauma.
    Conclusion: Providing early TXA to persons at risk of significant hemorrhage has the potential to prevent many deaths from trauma, yet most states do not offer it in statewide prehospital treatment protocols.
    MeSH term(s) United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use ; Hospitals ; Databases, Factual ; Odds Ratio
    Chemical Substances Tranexamic Acid (6T84R30KC1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050431-7
    ISSN 1471-227X ; 1471-227X
    ISSN (online) 1471-227X
    ISSN 1471-227X
    DOI 10.1186/s12873-022-00741-2
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  3. Article ; Online: TRIF-IFN-I pathway in

    Bali, Prerna / Lozano-Pope, Ivonne / Hernandez, Jonathan / Estrada, Monica V / Corr, Maripat / Turner, Michael A / Bouvet, Michael / Benner, Christopher / Obonyo, Marygorret

    iScience

    2024  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 109457

    Abstract: Helicobacter ... ...

    Abstract Helicobacter pylori
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109457
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  4. Article ; Online: Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

    Pope, Ian / Clark, Lucy V / Clark, Allan / Ward, Emma / Belderson, Pippa / Stirling, Susan / Parrott, Steve / Li, Jinshuo / Coats, Tim / Bauld, Linda / Holland, Richard / Gentry, Sarah / Agrawal, Sanjay / Bloom, Benjamin Michael / Boyle, Adrian A / Gray, Alasdair J / Morris, M Geraint / Livingstone-Banks, Jonathan / Notley, Caitlin

    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

    2024  Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 276–282

    Abstract: Background: Supporting people to quit smoking is one of the most powerful interventions to improve health. The Emergency Department (ED) represents a potentially valuable opportunity to deliver a smoking cessation intervention if it is sufficiently ... ...

    Abstract Background: Supporting people to quit smoking is one of the most powerful interventions to improve health. The Emergency Department (ED) represents a potentially valuable opportunity to deliver a smoking cessation intervention if it is sufficiently resourced. The objective of this trial was to determine whether an opportunistic ED-based smoking cessation intervention can help people to quit smoking.
    Methods: In this multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled superiority trial conducted between January and August 2022, adults who smoked daily and attended one of six UK EDs were randomised to intervention (brief advice, e-cigarette starter kit and referral to stop smoking services) or control (written information on stop smoking services). The primary outcome was biochemically validated abstinence at 6 months.
    Results: An intention-to-treat analysis included 972 of 1443 people screened for inclusion (484 in the intervention group, 488 in the control group). Of 975 participants randomised, 3 were subsequently excluded, 17 withdrew and 287 were lost to follow-up. The 6-month biochemically-verified abstinence rate was 7.2% in the intervention group and 4.1% in the control group (relative risk 1.76; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.01; p=0.038). Self-reported 7-day abstinence at 6 months was 23.3% in the intervention group and 12.9% in the control group (relative risk 1.80; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.38; p<0.001). No serious adverse events related to taking part in the trial were reported.
    Conclusions: An opportunistic smoking cessation intervention comprising brief advice, an e-cigarette starter kit and referral to stop smoking services is effective for sustained smoking abstinence with few reported adverse events.
    Trial registration number: NCT04854616.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040124-3
    ISSN 1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
    ISSN (online) 1472-0213
    ISSN 1472-0205
    DOI 10.1136/emermed-2023-213824
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Spontaneous clustering of exfoliated two-dimensional materials at the air-water interface.

    Xu, Luzhu / Chekini, Mahshid / Wilson, Nicholas D / Zamperoni, Ryan J / Pope, Michael A

    Journal of colloid and interface science

    2023  Volume 648, Page(s) 129–140

    Abstract: ... overall correlation between sheet number density (A/V) in the spreading dispersion and cluster fractal ...

    Abstract Hypothesis: Coating approaches which trap nanoparticles at an interface have become popular for depositing single-layer films from nanoparticle dispersions. Past efforts concluded that concentration and aspect ratio dominate the impact on aggregation state of nanospheres and nanorods at an interface. Although few works have explored the clustering behaviour of atomically thin, two-dimensional materials, we hypothesize that nanosheet concentration is the dominant factor leading to a particular cluster structure and that this local structure impacts the quality of densified Langmuir films.
    Experiments: We systematically studied cluster structures and Langmuir film morphologies of three different nanosheets, namely chemically exfoliated molybdenum disulfide, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide.
    Findings: We observe cluster structure transitions from island-like domains to more linear networks in all materials as dispersion concentration is reduced. Despite differences in material properties and morphologies, we obtained the same overall correlation between sheet number density (A/V) in the spreading dispersion and cluster fractal structure (d
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241597-5
    ISSN 1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
    ISSN (online) 1095-7103
    ISSN 0021-9797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.157
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  6. Article ; Online: Multicenter evaluation of left ventricular assist device implantation with or without ECMO bridge in cardiogenic shock.

    Schurr, James W / Ambrosi, Lara / Fitzgerald, Jillian / Bermudez, Christian / Genuardi, Michael V / Brahier, Mark / Elliot, Tonya / McGowan, Kevin / Zaaqoq, Akram / Laskar, Sonjoy / Pope, Stuart M / Givertz, Michael M / Mallidi, Hari / Sylvester, Katelyn W / Seifert, Frank C / McLarty, Allison J

    Artificial organs

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) remains unclear, and recipients of the more contemporary HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD are not well represented in previous studies. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) remains unclear, and recipients of the more contemporary HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD are not well represented in previous studies. We therefore undertook a multicenter, retrospective study of this population.
    Methods and results: INTERMACS 1 LVAD recipients from five U.S. centers were included. In-hospital and one-year outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome was the overall mortality hazard comparing ECMO versus non-ECMO patients by propensity-weighted survival analysis. Secondary outcomes included survival by LVAD type, as well as postoperative and one-year outcomes. One hundred and twenty-seven patients were included; 24 received ECMO as a bridge to LVAD. Mortality was higher in patients bridged with ECMO in the primary analysis (HR 3.22 [95%CI 1.06-9.77], p = 0.039). Right ventricular assist device was more common in the ECMO group (ECMO: 54.2% vs non-ECMO: 11.7%, p < 0.001). Ischemic stroke was higher at one year in the ECMO group (ECMO: 25.0% vs non-ECMO: 4.9%, p = 0.006). Among the study cohort, one-year mortality was lower in HM3 than in HeartMate II (HMII) or HeartWare HVAD (10.5% vs 46.9% vs 31.6%, respectively; p < 0.001) recipients. Pump thrombosis at one year was lower in HM3 than in HMII or HVAD (1.8% vs 16.1% vs 16.2%, respectively; p = 0.026) recipients.
    Conclusions: Higher mortality was observed with ECMO as a bridge to LVAD, likely due to higher acuity illness, yet acceptable one-year survival was seen compared with historical rates. The receipt of the HM3 was associated with improved survival compared with older generation devices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 441812-8
    ISSN 1525-1594 ; 0160-564X
    ISSN (online) 1525-1594
    ISSN 0160-564X
    DOI 10.1111/aor.14740
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  7. Article ; Online: Performance of DETECT Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Algorithm According to the Hemodynamic Definition of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society Guidelines.

    Distler, Oliver / Bonderman, Diana / Coghlan, J Gerry / Denton, Christopher P / Grünig, Ekkehard / Khanna, Dinesh / McLaughlin, Vallerie V / Müller-Ladner, Ulf / Pope, Janet E / Vonk, Madelon C / Di Scala, Lilla / Lemarie, Jean-Christophe / Perchenet, Loïc / Hachulla, Éric

    Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2024  Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 777–782

    Abstract: Objective: The evidence-based DETECT pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) algorithm is frequently used in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to help clinicians screen for PAH by using noninvasive data to recommend patient referral to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The evidence-based DETECT pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) algorithm is frequently used in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to help clinicians screen for PAH by using noninvasive data to recommend patient referral to echocardiography and, if applicable, for a diagnostic right-sided heart catheterization. However, the hemodynamic definition of PAH was recently updated in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines. The performance of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to this new definition was assessed.
    Methods: In this post hoc analysis of DETECT, which comprised 466 patients with SSc, the performance of the DETECT PAH algorithm in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH as defined in the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines (mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] >20 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] ≤15 mm Hg, and pulmonary vascular resistance >2 Wood units) was assessed using summary statistics and was descriptively compared to the known performance of DETECT PAH as defined in 2014, when it was developed (mPAP ≥25 mm Hg and PCWP ≤15 mm Hg).
    Results: The sensitivity of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to the 2022 ESC/ERS definition was lower (88.2%) compared to the 2014 definition (95.8%). Specificity improved from 47.8% to 50.8%.
    Conclusion: The performance of the DETECT algorithm to screen for PAH in patients with SSc is maintained when PAH is defined according to the 2022 ESC/ERS hemodynamic definition, indicating that DETECT remains applicable to screen for PAH in patients with SSc.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Algorithms ; Scleroderma, Systemic/complications ; Scleroderma, Systemic/physiopathology ; Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/diagnosis ; Female ; Male ; Hemodynamics/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Europe ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Aged ; Societies, Medical ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vascular Resistance/physiology ; Cardiology/standards ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/physiology ; Echocardiography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2756371-6
    ISSN 2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
    ISSN (online) 2326-5205
    ISSN 2326-5191
    DOI 10.1002/art.42791
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  8. Article ; Online: The HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device as a strategy to bridge to transplant.

    Kilcoyne, Maxwell F / Huckaby, Lauren V / Hashmi, Zubair / Witer, Lucas / Pope, Nicolas / Houston, Brian A / Inampudi, Chakradhari / Tedford, Ryan J / Kilic, Arman

    Journal of cardiac surgery

    2022  

    Abstract: Purpose: Recent changes in the market for left ventricular assist devices have resulted in the HeartMate 3 (HM3) being the only commercially-available device. This study evaluates the outcomes of patients with a HM3 waitlisted for and undergoing ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Recent changes in the market for left ventricular assist devices have resulted in the HeartMate 3 (HM3) being the only commercially-available device. This study evaluates the outcomes of patients with a HM3 waitlisted for and undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).
    Methods: Patients waitlisted for isolated OHT with a HM3 or undergoing OHT after bridge-to-transplant (BTT) with a HM3 between 2015 and 2021 were identified from the UNOS registry and included in this study. Propensity matching was used to compare outcomes of BTT-HM3 versus primary OHT.
    Results: A total of 1321 patients supported with a HM3 underwent OHT during our study period. Unadjusted 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival following OHT in the BTT-HM3 cohort was 96.5%, 94.4%, and 90.7%, respectively. In propensity-matched analysis, 1103 BTT-HM3 patients were compared with 1103 primary OHT patients. Rates of post-OHT stroke were higher in the BTT-HM3 group (4.4% vs. 2.0%, p = .001). The BTT-HM3 group had lower 30-day survival (96.2% vs. 97.4%, p = .033) although 90-day (94.2% vs. 95.3%, p = .103) and 1-year survival (90.4% vs. 91.7%, p = .216) were comparable. A total of 1251 patients were supported with a HM3 at the time of OHT listing during the study period. At the time of this analysis, 60 (4.5%) remained on the waitlist, 991 (75.0%) underwent OHT, and 119 (9.0%) died or clinically deteriorated with waitlist removal.
    Conclusions: The HM3 is a viable method for BTT with acceptable waitlist outcomes. Although 1-year survival is comparable to primary OHT, early outcomes are worse, suggesting that refinement of patient selection and perioperative management is prudent to optimizing outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639059-6
    ISSN 1540-8191 ; 0886-0440
    ISSN (online) 1540-8191
    ISSN 0886-0440
    DOI 10.1111/jocs.17063
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  9. Article: Chytrid infections exhibit historical spread and contemporary seasonality in a declining stream-breeding frog.

    Belasen, A M / Peek, R A / Adams, A J / Russell, I D / De León, M E / Adams, M J / Bettaso, J / Breedveld, K G H / Catenazzi, A / Dillingham, C P / Grear, D A / Halstead, B J / Johnson, P G / Kleeman, P M / Koo, M S / Koppl, C W / Lauder, J D / Padgett-Flohr, G / Piovia-Scott, J /
    Pope, K L / Vredenburg, V / Westphal, M / Wiseman, K / Kupferberg, S J

    Royal Society open science

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 231270

    Abstract: Species with extensive geographical ranges pose special challenges to assessing drivers of wildlife disease, necessitating collaborative and large-scale analyses. The imperilled foothill yellow-legged frog ( ...

    Abstract Species with extensive geographical ranges pose special challenges to assessing drivers of wildlife disease, necessitating collaborative and large-scale analyses. The imperilled foothill yellow-legged frog (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.231270
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  10. Article ; Online: Virion glycosylation influences mycobacteriophage immune recognition.

    Freeman, Krista G / Robotham, Anna C / Parks, Olivia B / Abad, Lawrence / Jacobs-Sera, Deborah / Lauer, Michael J / Podgorski, Jennifer M / Zhang, Yu / Williams, John V / White, Simon J / Kelly, John F / Hatfull, Graham F / Pope, Welkin H

    Cell host & microbe

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 1216–1231.e6

    Abstract: Glycosylation of eukaryotic virus particles is common and influences their uptake, trafficking, and immune recognition. In contrast, glycosylation of bacteriophage particles has not been reported; phage virions typically do not enter the cytoplasm upon ... ...

    Abstract Glycosylation of eukaryotic virus particles is common and influences their uptake, trafficking, and immune recognition. In contrast, glycosylation of bacteriophage particles has not been reported; phage virions typically do not enter the cytoplasm upon infection, and they do not generally inhabit eukaryotic systems. We show here that several genomically distinct phages of Mycobacteria are modified with glycans attached to the C terminus of capsid and tail tube protein subunits. These O-linked glycans influence antibody production and recognition, shielding viral particles from antibody binding and reducing production of neutralizing antibodies. Glycosylation is mediated by phage-encoded glycosyltransferases, and genomic analysis suggests that they are relatively common among mycobacteriophages. Putative glycosyltransferases are also encoded by some Gordonia and Streptomyces phages, but there is little evidence of glycosylation among the broader phage population. The immune response to glycosylated phage virions in mice suggests that glycosylation may be an advantageous property for phage therapy of Mycobacterium infections.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Mycobacteriophages/genetics ; Mycobacteriophages/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Virion/genetics ; Glycosyltransferases/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.028
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