Article: Chemical Modification of Cytochrome C for Acid-Responsive Intracellular Apoptotic Protein Delivery for Cancer Eradication.
2024 Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract: ... Cytochrome C, a protein known for inducing apoptosis, served as a model for intracellular delivery ... the modified cytochrome C could induce apoptosis in cancer cells in a pH-selective manner. These findings ...
Abstract | Delivering bioactive proteins into cells without carriers presents significant challenges in biomedical applications due to limited cell membrane permeability and the need for targeted delivery. Here, we introduce a novel carrier-free method that addresses these challenges by chemically modifying proteins with an acid-responsive cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) for selective intracellular delivery within tumours. Cytochrome C, a protein known for inducing apoptosis, served as a model for intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins for cancer treatment. The CPP was protected with 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMA) and chemically conjugated onto the protein surface, creating an acid-responsive protein delivery system. In the acidic tumour microenvironment, DMA deprotects and exposes the positively charged CPP, enabling membrane penetration. Both in vitro and in vivo assays validated the pH-dependent shielding mechanism, demonstrating the modified cytochrome C could induce apoptosis in cancer cells in a pH-selective manner. These findings provide a promising new approach for carrier-free and tumour-targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins for a wide range of potential applications. |
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Language | English |
Publishing date | 2024-01-04 |
Publishing country | Switzerland |
Document type | Journal Article |
ZDB-ID | 2527217-2 |
ISSN | 1999-4923 |
ISSN | 1999-4923 |
DOI | 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010071 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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