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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Social simulation for a crisis

    Dignum, Frank

    results and lessons from simulating the COVID-19 crisis

    (Computational Social Sciences,)

    2021  

    Abstract: provisional info text: Simulating for a crisis is far more than creating a simulation of a crisis situation. In order for a simulation to be useful during a crisis, it should be created within the space of a few days to allow decision makers to use it as ...

    Author's details Frank Dignum, editor
    Series title Computational Social Sciences,
    Abstract provisional info text: Simulating for a crisis is far more than creating a simulation of a crisis situation. In order for a simulation to be useful during a crisis, it should be created within the space of a few days to allow decision makers to use it as quickly as possible. Furthermore, during a crisis the aim is not to optimize just one factor, but to balance various, interdependent aspects of life. In the COVID-19 crisis, decisions had to be made concerning e.g. whether to close schools and restaurants, and the (economic) consequences of a 3 or 4-week lock-down had to be considered. As such, rather than one simulation focusing on a very limited aspect, a framework allowing the simulation of several different scenarios focusing on different aspects of the crisis was required. Moreover, the results of the simulations needed to be easily understandable and explainable: if a simulation indicates that closing schools has no effect, this can only be used if the decision makers can explain why this is the case. This book describes how a simulation framework was created for the COVID-19 crisis, and demonstrates how it was used to simulate a wide range of scenarios that were relevant for decision makers at the time. It also discusses the usefulness of the approach, and explains the decisions that had to be made along the way as well as the trade-offs. Lastly, the book examines the lessons learned and the directions for the further development of social simulation frameworks to make them better suited to crisis situations, and to foster a more resilient society.
    Keywords Crises/Social aspects
    Subject code 303.484
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (XIV, 453 p. 170 illus., 155 illus. in color.)
    Edition 1st ed. 2021.
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Cham, Switzerland
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 3-030-76397-8 ; 3-030-76396-X ; 978-3-030-76397-8 ; 978-3-030-76396-1
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-76397-8
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Book ; Online: Social Practices

    Dignum, Frank

    a Complete Formalization

    2022  

    Abstract: Multi-agent models are a suitable starting point to model complex social interactions. However, as the complexity of the systems increase, we argue that novel modeling approaches are needed that can deal with inter-dependencies at different levels of ... ...

    Abstract Multi-agent models are a suitable starting point to model complex social interactions. However, as the complexity of the systems increase, we argue that novel modeling approaches are needed that can deal with inter-dependencies at different levels of society, where many heterogeneous parties (software agents, robots, humans) are interacting and reacting to each other. In this paper, we present a formalization of a social framework for agents based on the concept of Social Practices as high level specifications of normal (expected) behavior in a given social context. We argue that social practices facilitate the practical reasoning of agents in standard social interactions. Thus they can support deliberations for complex situations just like conventions and norms. However, they also come with a social context that gives handles for social planning and deliberation in top of the normal functional deliberation. The main goal of this paper is to give a formalization of social practices that can be used as a basis for implementations and defining precise structures within which social learning can take place.

    Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1809.08751
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2022-05-22
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: Linking sanctions to norms in practice

    Mellema, René / Dignum, Frank

    2022  

    Abstract: Within social simulation, we often want agents to interact both with larger systems of norms, as well as respond to their own and other agents norm violations. However, there are currently no norm specifications that allow us to interact with all of ... ...

    Abstract Within social simulation, we often want agents to interact both with larger systems of norms, as well as respond to their own and other agents norm violations. However, there are currently no norm specifications that allow us to interact with all of these components. To address this issue, this paper introduces the concept of violation modalities in CTL. These modalities do not only allow us to keep track of violations, but also allow us to define the usual deontic operators. On top of this, they give us a convenient way of linking together various different norms, and allow us to reason about norms with repeated violations and obligations. We will discuss various properties of the modalities and the deontic operators, and will also discuss some ways in which this formalization can guide an implementation of normative systems.
    Keywords Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
    Publishing date 2022-05-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Social Practices for Social Driven Conversations in Serious Games

    Augello, Agnese / Gentile, Manuel / Dignum, Frank

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper describes the model of social practice as a theoretical framework to manage conversation with the specific goal of training physicians in communicative skills. To this aim, the domain reasoner that manages the conversation in the Communicate! \ ...

    Abstract This paper describes the model of social practice as a theoretical framework to manage conversation with the specific goal of training physicians in communicative skills. To this aim, the domain reasoner that manages the conversation in the Communicate! \cite{jeuring} serious game is taken as a basis. Because the choice of a specific Social Practice to follow in a situation is non-trivial we use a probabilistic model for the selection of social practices as a step toward the implementation of an agent architecture compliant with the social practice model.
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Publishing date 2022-06-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: From fear to action

    Kevin Baum / Joanna Bryson / Frank Dignum / Virginia Dignum / Marko Grobelnik / Holger Hoos / Morten Irgens / Paul Lukowicz / Catelijne Muller / Francesca Rossi / John Shawe-Taylor / Andreas Theodorou / Ricardo Vinuesa

    Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol

    AI governance and opportunities for all

    2023  Volume 5

    Keywords Artificial Intelligence ; governance ; responsible AI ; Trustworthy AI ; large language models ; generative AI ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: Incorporating social practices in BDI agent systems

    Cranefield, Stephen / Dignum, Frank

    2019  

    Abstract: When agents interact with humans, either through embodied agents or because they are embedded in a robot, it would be easy if they could use fixed interaction protocols as they do with other agents. However, people do not keep fixed protocols in their ... ...

    Abstract When agents interact with humans, either through embodied agents or because they are embedded in a robot, it would be easy if they could use fixed interaction protocols as they do with other agents. However, people do not keep fixed protocols in their day-to-day interactions and the environments are often dynamic, making it impossible to use fixed protocols. Deliberating about interactions from fundamentals is not very scalable either, because in that case all possible reactions of a user have to be considered in the plans. In this paper we argue that social practices can be used as an inspiration for designing flexible and scalable interaction mechanisms that are also robust. However, using social practices requires extending the traditional BDI deliberation cycle to monitor landmark states and perform expected actions by leveraging existing plans. We define and implement this mechanism in Jason using a periodically run meta-deliberation plan, supported by a metainterpreter, and illustrate its use in a realistic scenario.

    Comment: An extended abstract of this paper has been accepted for the Eighteenth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), 2019
    Keywords Computer Science - Multiagent Systems ; Computer Science - Computers and Society
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2019-03-07
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Conference proceedings: Cognitive agents for virtual environments

    Dignum, Frank

    first international workshop, CAVE 2012, held at AAMAS 2012, Valencia, Spain, June 4, 2012 ; revised selected papers

    (Lecture notes in computer science : Lecture notes in artificial intelligence ; 7764)

    2013  

    Event/congress CAVE (1, 2012.06.04, Valencia) ; International Workshop on Cognitive Agents for Virtual Environments (1, 2012.06.04, Valencia)
    Author's details Frank Dignum ... (eds.)
    Series title Lecture notes in computer science : Lecture notes in artificial intelligence ; 7764
    Keywords Intelligent agents (Computer software) ; Virtual reality ; Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation ; Mehragentensystem ; Virtuelle Realität
    Language English
    Size XII, 183 S., Ill., graph. Darst., 235 mm x 155 mm
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Berlin u.a.
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    ISBN 3642364438 ; 9783642364433 ; 9783642364440 ; 3642364446
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  8. Book ; Online: Governance by Glass-Box

    Tubella, Andrea Aler / Theodorou, Andreas / Dignum, Virginia / Dignum, Frank

    Implementing Transparent Moral Bounds for AI Behaviour

    2019  

    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are being used to predict and assess behaviour in multiple domains, such as criminal justice and consumer finance, which directly affect human well-being. However, if AI is to improve people's lives, then people ... ...

    Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are being used to predict and assess behaviour in multiple domains, such as criminal justice and consumer finance, which directly affect human well-being. However, if AI is to improve people's lives, then people must be able to trust AI, which means being able to understand what the system is doing and why. Even though transparency is often seen as the requirement in this case, realistically it might not always be possible or desirable, whereas the need to ensure that the system operates within set moral bounds remains. In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the moral bounds of an AI system based on the monitoring of its inputs and outputs. We place a "glass box" around the system by mapping moral values into explicit verifiable norms that constrain inputs and outputs, in such a way that if these remain within the box we can guarantee that the system adheres to the value. The focus on inputs and outputs allows for the verification and comparison of vastly different intelligent systems; from deep neural networks to agent-based systems. The explicit transformation of abstract moral values into concrete norms brings great benefits in terms of explainability; stakeholders know exactly how the system is interpreting and employing relevant abstract moral human values and calibrate their trust accordingly. Moreover, by operating at a higher level we can check the compliance of the system with different interpretations of the same value. These advantages will have an impact on the well-being of AI systems users at large, building their trust and providing them with concrete knowledge on how systems adhere to moral values.

    Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, conference paper
    Keywords Computer Science - Other Computer Science ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computers and Society ; D.2.4 ; I.2.m ; K.4.1
    Subject code 170
    Publishing date 2019-04-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Tracking the debate on COVID-19 surveillance tools

    Sweeney, Yann / Edwards, Lilian / Vayena, Effy / Dignum, Virginia / Dignum, Frank / Murakami-Wood, David

    Nature Machine Intelligence

    Abstract: Contact-tracing apps could help keep countries open before a vaccine is available But do we have a sufficient understanding of their efficacy, and can we balance protecting public health with safeguarding civil rights? We interviewed five experts, with ... ...

    Abstract Contact-tracing apps could help keep countries open before a vaccine is available But do we have a sufficient understanding of their efficacy, and can we balance protecting public health with safeguarding civil rights? We interviewed five experts, with backgrounds in digital health ethics, internet law and social sciences
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #786674
    Database COVID19

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  10. Book ; Online: Social rules for agent systems

    Mellema, René / Jensen, Maarten / Dignum, Frank

    2020  

    Abstract: When creating (open) agent systems it has become common practice to use social concepts such as social practices, norms and conventions to model the way the interactions between the agents are regulated. However, in the literature most papers concentrate ...

    Abstract When creating (open) agent systems it has become common practice to use social concepts such as social practices, norms and conventions to model the way the interactions between the agents are regulated. However, in the literature most papers concentrate on only one of these aspects at the time. Therefore there is hardly any research on how these social concepts relate and when each of them emerges or evolves from another concept. In this paper we will investigate some of the relations between these concepts and also whether they are fundamentally stemming from a single social object or should be seen as different types of objects altogether.
    Keywords Computer Science - Multiagent Systems ; Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ; I.2.m
    Publishing date 2020-04-11
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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