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  1. Article ; Online: Evoked and transmitted culture models: Using bayesian methods to infer the evolution of cultural traits in history.

    Hyafil, Alexandre / Baumard, Nicolas

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0264509

    Abstract: A central question in behavioral and social sciences is understanding to what extent cultural traits are inherited from previous generations, transmitted from adjacent populations or produced in response to changes in socioeconomic and ecological ... ...

    Abstract A central question in behavioral and social sciences is understanding to what extent cultural traits are inherited from previous generations, transmitted from adjacent populations or produced in response to changes in socioeconomic and ecological conditions. As quantitative diachronic databases recording the evolution of cultural artifacts over many generations are becoming more common, there is a need for appropriate data-driven methods to approach this question. Here we present a new Bayesian method to infer the dynamics of cultural traits in a diachronic dataset. Our method called Evoked-Transmitted Cultural model (ETC) relies on fitting a latent-state model where a cultural trait is a latent variable which guides the production of the cultural artifacts observed in the database. The dynamics of this cultural trait may depend on the value of the cultural traits present in previous generations and in adjacent populations (transmitted culture) and/or on ecological factors (evoked culture). We show how ETC models can be fitted to quantitative diachronic or synchronic datasets, using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, enabling estimating the relative contribution of vertical transmission, horizontal transmission and evoked component in shaping cultural traits. The method also allows to reconstruct the dynamics of cultural traits in different regions. We tested the performance of the method on synthetic data for two variants of the method (for binary or continuous traits). We found that both variants allow reliable estimates of parameters guiding cultural evolution, and that they outperform purely phylogenetic tools that ignore horizontal transmission and ecological factors. Overall, our method opens new possibilities to reconstruct how culture is shaped from quantitative data, with possible application in cultural history, cultural anthropology, archaeology, historical linguistics and behavioral ecology.
    MeSH term(s) Anthropology, Cultural ; Archaeology/methods ; Bayes Theorem ; Cultural Evolution ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0264509
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Disharmony in neural oscillations.

    Hyafil, Alexandre

    Journal of neurophysiology

    2017  Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

    Abstract: Cross-frequency phase coupling (PPC) may play an important role in neural processing and cognition. However, a new study unveils a statistical bias in how PPC is detected in neural recordings, questions prior evidence for PPC in hippocampus, and shows ... ...

    Abstract Cross-frequency phase coupling (PPC) may play an important role in neural processing and cognition. However, a new study unveils a statistical bias in how PPC is detected in neural recordings, questions prior evidence for PPC in hippocampus, and shows PPC tests are dramatically flawed by their confounds with oscillation harmonics.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition ; Hippocampus ; Temporal Lobe
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80161-6
    ISSN 1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
    ISSN (online) 1522-1598
    ISSN 0022-3077
    DOI 10.1152/jn.00026.2017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Evoked and transmitted culture models

    Alexandre Hyafil / Nicolas Baumard

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

    Using bayesian methods to infer the evolution of cultural traits in history.

    2022  Volume 0264509

    Abstract: A central question in behavioral and social sciences is understanding to what extent cultural traits are inherited from previous generations, transmitted from adjacent populations or produced in response to changes in socioeconomic and ecological ... ...

    Abstract A central question in behavioral and social sciences is understanding to what extent cultural traits are inherited from previous generations, transmitted from adjacent populations or produced in response to changes in socioeconomic and ecological conditions. As quantitative diachronic databases recording the evolution of cultural artifacts over many generations are becoming more common, there is a need for appropriate data-driven methods to approach this question. Here we present a new Bayesian method to infer the dynamics of cultural traits in a diachronic dataset. Our method called Evoked-Transmitted Cultural model (ETC) relies on fitting a latent-state model where a cultural trait is a latent variable which guides the production of the cultural artifacts observed in the database. The dynamics of this cultural trait may depend on the value of the cultural traits present in previous generations and in adjacent populations (transmitted culture) and/or on ecological factors (evoked culture). We show how ETC models can be fitted to quantitative diachronic or synchronic datasets, using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, enabling estimating the relative contribution of vertical transmission, horizontal transmission and evoked component in shaping cultural traits. The method also allows to reconstruct the dynamics of cultural traits in different regions. We tested the performance of the method on synthetic data for two variants of the method (for binary or continuous traits). We found that both variants allow reliable estimates of parameters guiding cultural evolution, and that they outperform purely phylogenetic tools that ignore horizontal transmission and ecological factors. Overall, our method opens new possibilities to reconstruct how culture is shaped from quantitative data, with possible application in cultural history, cultural anthropology, archaeology, historical linguistics and behavioral ecology.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The cultural evolution of love in literary history.

    Baumard, Nicolas / Huillery, Elise / Hyafil, Alexandre / Safra, Lou

    Nature human behaviour

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 506–522

    Abstract: Since the late nineteenth century, cultural historians have noted that the importance of love increased during the Medieval and Early Modern European period (a phenomenon that was once referred to as the emergence of 'courtly love'). However, more recent ...

    Abstract Since the late nineteenth century, cultural historians have noted that the importance of love increased during the Medieval and Early Modern European period (a phenomenon that was once referred to as the emergence of 'courtly love'). However, more recent works have shown a similar increase in Chinese, Arabic, Persian, Indian and Japanese cultures. Why such a convergent evolution in very different cultures? Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, we leverage literary history and build a database of ancient literary fiction for 19 geographical areas and 77 historical periods covering 3,800 years, from the Middle Bronze Age to the Early Modern period. We first confirm that romantic elements have increased in Eurasian literary fiction over the past millennium, and that similar increases also occurred earlier, in Ancient Greece, Rome and Classical India. We then explore the ecological determinants of this increase. Consistent with hypotheses from cultural history and behavioural ecology, we show that a higher level of economic development is strongly associated with a greater incidence of love in narrative fiction (our proxy for the importance of love in a culture). To further test the causal role of economic development, we used a difference-in-difference method that exploits exogenous regional variations in economic development resulting from the adoption of the heavy plough in medieval Europe. Finally, we used probabilistic generative models to reconstruct the latent evolution of love and to assess the respective role of cultural diffusion and economic development.
    MeSH term(s) Asians ; Cultural Evolution ; Europe ; Humans ; Love ; Whites
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2397-3374
    ISSN (online) 2397-3374
    DOI 10.1038/s41562-022-01292-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Misidentifications of specific forms of cross-frequency coupling: three warnings.

    Hyafil, Alexandre

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2015  Volume 9, Page(s) 370

    Abstract: Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) between neural oscillations has received increased attention over the last decade, as it is believed to underlie a number of cognitive operations in different brain systems. Coupling can take different forms as it ... ...

    Abstract Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) between neural oscillations has received increased attention over the last decade, as it is believed to underlie a number of cognitive operations in different brain systems. Coupling can take different forms as it associates the phase, frequency, and/or amplitude of coupled oscillations. These specific forms of coupling are a signature for the underlying network physiology and probably relate to distinct cognitive functions. Here I discuss three caveats in data analysis that can lead to mistake one specific form of CFC for another: (1) bicoherence assesses the level of phase-amplitude and not of phase-phase coupling (PPC) as commonly accepted; (2) a test for phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) can indeed signal phase-frequency coupling (PFC) when the higher frequency signal is extracted using a too narrow band; (3) an oscillation whose frequency fluctuates may induce spurious amplitude anticorrelations between neighboring frequency bands. I indicate practical rules to avoid such misidentifications and correctly identify the specific nature of cross-frequency coupled signals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2015.00370
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Analysis of the impact of lockdown on the reproduction number of the SARS-Cov-2 in Spain.

    Hyafil, Alexandre / Moriña, David

    Gaceta sanitaria

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 453–458

    Abstract: Objective: The late 2019 COVID-19 outbreak has put the health systems of many countries to the limit of their capacity. The most affected European countries are, so far, Italy and Spain. In both countries (and others), the authorities decreed a lockdown, ...

    Abstract Objective: The late 2019 COVID-19 outbreak has put the health systems of many countries to the limit of their capacity. The most affected European countries are, so far, Italy and Spain. In both countries (and others), the authorities decreed a lockdown, with local specificities. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of the measures undertaken in Spain to deal with the pandemic.
    Method: We estimated the number of cases and the impact of lockdown on the reproducibility number based on the hospitalization reports up to April 15th 2020.
    Results: The estimated number of cases shows a sharp increase until the lockdown, followed by a slowing down and then a decrease after full quarantine was implemented. Differences in the basic reproduction ratio are also significant, dropping from 5.89 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 5.46-7.09) before the lockdown to 0.48 (95%CI: 0.15-1.17) afterwards.
    Conclusions: Handling a pandemic like COVID-19 is complex and requires quick decision making. The large differences found in the speed of propagation of the disease show us that being able to implement interventions at the earliest stage is crucial to minimise the impact of a potential infectious threat. Our work also stresses the importance of reliable up to date epidemiological data in order to accurately assess the impact of Public Health policies on viral outbreak.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reproduction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spain/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-23
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1038713-4
    ISSN 1578-1283 ; 0213-9111
    ISSN (online) 1578-1283
    ISSN 0213-9111
    DOI 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.05.003
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    Zs.A 2715: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Analysis of the impact of lockdown on the reproduction number of the SARS-Cov-2 in Spain

    Alexandre Hyafil / David Moriña

    Gaceta Sanitaria, Vol 35, Iss 5, Pp 453-

    2021  Volume 458

    Abstract: Objective: The late 2019 COVID-19 outbreak has put the health systems of many countries to the limit of their capacity. The most affected European countries are, so far, Italy and Spain. In both countries (and others), the authorities decreed a lockdown, ...

    Abstract Objective: The late 2019 COVID-19 outbreak has put the health systems of many countries to the limit of their capacity. The most affected European countries are, so far, Italy and Spain. In both countries (and others), the authorities decreed a lockdown, with local specificities. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of the measures undertaken in Spain to deal with the pandemic. Method: We estimated the number of cases and the impact of lockdown on the reproducibility number based on the hospitalization reports up to April 15th 2020. Results: The estimated number of cases shows a sharp increase until the lockdown, followed by a slowing down and then a decrease after full quarantine was implemented. Differences in the basic reproduction ratio are also significant, dropping from 5.89 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 5.46-7.09) before the lockdown to 0.48 (95%CI: 0.15-1.17) afterwards. Conclusions: Handling a pandemic like COVID-19 is complex and requires quick decision making. The large differences found in the speed of propagation of the disease show us that being able to implement interventions at the earliest stage is crucial to minimise the impact of a potential infectious threat. Our work also stresses the importance of reliable up to date epidemiological data in order to accurately assess the impact of Public Health policies on viral outbreak. Resumen: Objetivo: El brote de COVID-19 a finales de 2019 ha puesto los sistemas de salud de muchos países al límite de su capacidad. Los países europeos más afectados son, hasta ahora, Italia y España. En ambos (y en otros países), las autoridades decretaron un confinamiento, con especificidades locales. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de las medidas adoptadas en España para hacer frente a la pandemia. Método: Estimamos el número de casos y el impacto del confinamiento en el número básico de reproducción según los informes de hospitalización hasta el 15 de abril de 2020. Resultados: El número estimado de casos muestra un fuerte ...
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Estudio de evaluación ; Salud pública ; Infecciones ; Virus ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Mood and implicit confidence independently fluctuate at different time scales.

    da Fonseca, María / Maffei, Giovanni / Moreno-Bote, Rubén / Hyafil, Alexandre

    Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 142–161

    Abstract: Mood is an important ingredient of decision-making. Human beings are immersed into a sea of ​​emotions where episodes of high mood alternate with episodes of low mood. While changes in mood are well characterized, little is known about how these ... ...

    Abstract Mood is an important ingredient of decision-making. Human beings are immersed into a sea of ​​emotions where episodes of high mood alternate with episodes of low mood. While changes in mood are well characterized, little is known about how these fluctuations interact with metacognition, and in particular with confidence about our decisions. We evaluated how implicit measurements of confidence are related with mood states of human participants through two online longitudinal experiments involving mood self-reports and visual discrimination decision-making tasks. Implicit confidence was assessed on each session by monitoring the proportion of opt-out trials when an opt-out option was available, as well as the median reaction time on standard correct trials as a secondary proxy of confidence. We first report a strong coupling between mood, stress, food enjoyment, and quality of sleep reported by participants in the same session. Second, we confirmed that the proportion of opt-out responses as well as reaction times in non-opt-out trials provided reliable indices of confidence in each session. We introduce a normative measure of overconfidence based on the pattern of opt-out selection and the signal-detection-theory framework. Finally and crucially, we found that mood, sleep quality, food enjoyment, and stress level are not consistently coupled with these implicit confidence markers, but rather they fluctuate at different time scales: mood-related states display faster fluctuations (over one day or half-a-day) than confidence level (two-and-a-half days). Therefore, our findings suggest that spontaneous fluctuations of mood and confidence in decision making are independent in the healthy adult population.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Metacognition/physiology ; Reaction Time ; Visual Perception ; Discrimination, Psychological ; Affect ; Decision Making/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2029088-3
    ISSN 1531-135X ; 1530-7026
    ISSN (online) 1531-135X
    ISSN 1530-7026
    DOI 10.3758/s13415-022-01038-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5947: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Rapid, systematic updating of movement by accumulated decision evidence.

    Molano-Mazón, Manuel / Garcia-Duran, Alexandre / Pastor-Ciurana, Jordi / Hernández-Navarro, Lluís / Bektic, Lejla / Lombardo, Debora / de la Rocha, Jaime / Hyafil, Alexandre

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Acting in the natural world requires not only deciding among multiple options but also converting decisions into motor commands. How the dynamics of decision formation influence the fine kinematics of response movement remains, however, poorly understood. ...

    Abstract Acting in the natural world requires not only deciding among multiple options but also converting decisions into motor commands. How the dynamics of decision formation influence the fine kinematics of response movement remains, however, poorly understood. Here we investigate how the accumulation of decision evidence shapes the response orienting trajectories in a task where freely-moving rats combine prior expectations and auditory information to select between two possible options. Response trajectories and their motor vigor are initially determined by the prior. Rats movements then incorporate sensory information as early as 60 ms after stimulus onset by accelerating or slowing depending on how much the stimulus supports their initial choice. When the stimulus evidence is in strong contradiction, rats change their mind and reverse their initial trajectory. Human subjects performing an equivalent task display a remarkably similar behavior. We encapsulate these results in a computational model that, by mapping the decision variable onto the movement kinematics at discrete time points, captures subjects' choices, trajectories and changes of mind. Our results show that motor responses are not ballistic. Instead, they are systematically and rapidly updated, as they smoothly unfold over time, by the parallel dynamics of the underlying decision process.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.11.09.566389
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Temporal integration is a robust feature of perceptual decisions.

    Hyafil, Alexandre / de la Rocha, Jaime / Pericas, Cristina / Katz, Leor N / Huk, Alexander C / Pillow, Jonathan W

    eLife

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Making informed decisions in noisy environments requires integrating sensory information over time. However, recent work has suggested that it may be difficult to determine whether an animal's decision-making strategy relies on evidence integration or ... ...

    Abstract Making informed decisions in noisy environments requires integrating sensory information over time. However, recent work has suggested that it may be difficult to determine whether an animal's decision-making strategy relies on evidence integration or not. In particular, strategies based on extrema-detection or random snapshots of the evidence stream may be difficult or even impossible to distinguish from classic evidence integration. Moreover, such non-integration strategies might be surprisingly common in experiments that aimed to study decisions based on integration. To determine whether temporal integration is central to perceptual decision-making, we developed a new model-based approach for comparing temporal integration against alternative 'non-integration' strategies for tasks in which the sensory signal is composed of discrete stimulus samples. We applied these methods to behavioral data from monkeys, rats, and humans performing a variety of sensory decision-making tasks. In all species and tasks, we found converging evidence in favor of temporal integration. First, in all observers across studies, the integration model better accounted for standard behavioral statistics such as psychometric curves and psychophysical kernels. Second, we found that sensory samples with large evidence do not contribute disproportionately to subject choices, as predicted by an extrema-detection strategy. Finally, we provide a direct confirmation of temporal integration by showing that the sum of both early and late evidence contributed to observer decisions. Overall, our results provide experimental evidence suggesting that temporal integration is an ubiquitous feature in mammalian perceptual decision-making. Our study also highlights the benefits of using experimental paradigms where the temporal stream of sensory evidence is controlled explicitly by the experimenter, and known precisely by the analyst, to characterize the temporal properties of the decision process.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Discrimination, Psychological ; Decision Making ; Psychometrics ; Haplorhini ; Mammals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.84045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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