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Book ; Online: The Functional Organization of the Auditory System

Munoz-Lopez, Monica / Kikuchi, Yukiko

2017

Abstract: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and ... ...

Abstract	This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice
Keywords	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; Science (General)
Size	1 electronic resource (330 p.)
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020094984
ISBN	9782889450619 ; 2889450619
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: The CA2 hippocampal subfield in humans: A review.

Insausti, Ricardo / Muñoz-López, Monica / Insausti, Ana Maria

Hippocampus

2023 Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 712–729

Abstract: CA2 is probably the most enigmatic of the hippocampal fields. It is small in size (in humans about 500 μm across the mediolateral axis), and yet, it is involved in important functions, such as in social memory and anxiety. This study offers a glimpse of ... ...

Abstract	CA2 is probably the most enigmatic of the hippocampal fields. It is small in size (in humans about 500 μm across the mediolateral axis), and yet, it is involved in important functions, such as in social memory and anxiety. This study offers a glimpse of several significant aspects of the anatomical organization of CA2. We present an overview of the anatomical structure of CA2, imbued in the general organization of the human hippocampal formation. The location and distinctiveness of CA2 is presented in relation with CA3 and CA1, based in a total of 23 human control cases serially sectioned throughout the whole longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, examined every 500 μm in Nissl-stained sections. The longitudinal extent of CA2 is close to 30 mm, starting in the hippocampal head, 2.5 mm caudal to the DG and 3.5 mm caudal to the start of CA3, approximately 10 mm from the hippocampus rostral end. The connectional information of human CA2 is very scarce, thereby we relied on nonhuman primate tract tracing studies of the hippocampal formation, given its resemblance to the human brain. Human CA2 is subject of neuropathological studies, and we chose to present Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis in those aspects that impinge directly into CA2.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23547
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Article ; Online: Past, present, and future in hippocampal formation and memory research.

Muñoz-López, Mónica

Hippocampus

2015 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 726–730

Abstract: Over 100 years of research on the hippocampal formation has led us understand the consequences of lesions in humans, the functional networks, anatomical pathways, neuronal types and their local circuitry, receptors, molecules, intracellular cascades, and ...

Abstract	Over 100 years of research on the hippocampal formation has led us understand the consequences of lesions in humans, the functional networks, anatomical pathways, neuronal types and their local circuitry, receptors, molecules, intracellular cascades, and some of the physiological mechanisms underlying long-term spatial and episodic memory. In addition, complex computational models allow us to formulate sophisticated hypotheses; many of them testable with techniques recently developed unthinkable in the past. Although the neurobiology of the cognitive map is starting to be revealed today, we still face a future with many unresolved questions. The aim of this commentary is twofold. First is to point out some of the critical findings in hippocampal formation research and new challenges. Second, to briefly summarize what the anatomy of memory can tell us about how highly processed sensory information from distant cortical areas communicate with different subareas of the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, and hippocampal subfields to integrate and consolidate unique episodic memory traces.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Mapping/history ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Brain Mapping/trends ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Research/history ; Research/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.22452
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Article ; Online: Brain and cognitive changes in patients with long COVID compared with infection-recovered control subjects.

Serrano Del Pueblo, Víctor M / Serrano-Heras, Gemma / Romero Sánchez, Carlos M / Piqueras Landete, Pepa / Rojas-Bartolome, Laura / Feria, Inmaculada / Morris, Richard G M / Strange, Bryan / Mansilla, Francisco / Zhang, Linda / Castro-Robles, Beatriz / Arias-Salazar, Lourdes / López-López, Susana / Payá, María / Segura, Tomás / Muñoz-López, Mónica

Brain : a journal of neurology

2024

Abstract: Between 2.5 and 28% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer Long COVID or persistence of symptoms for months after acute illness. Many symptoms are neurological, but the brain changes underlying the neuropsychological impairments remain unclear. This ... ...

Abstract	Between 2.5 and 28% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 suffer Long COVID or persistence of symptoms for months after acute illness. Many symptoms are neurological, but the brain changes underlying the neuropsychological impairments remain unclear. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the cognitive profile, the pattern of brain alterations in Long COVID and the potential association between them. To address these objectives, 83 patients with persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 were recruited, and 22 now healthy controls chosen because they had suffered COVID-19 but did not experience persistent neurological symptoms. Patients and controls were matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants were assessed by clinical interview, comprehensive standardized neuropsychological tests and structural MRI. The mean global cognitive function of patients with Long COVID assessed by ACE III screening test (Overall Cognitive level - OCLz= -0.39± 0.12) was significantly below the infection recovered-controls (OCLz= +0.32± 0.16, p< 0.01). We observed that 48% of patients with Long COVID had episodic memory deficit, with 27% also impaired overall cognitive function, especially attention, working memory, processing speed and verbal fluency. The MRI examination included grey matter morphometry and whole brain structural connectivity analysis. Compared to infection recovered controls, patients had thinner cortex in a specific cluster centred on the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. In addition, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) were observed in widespread areas of the patients' cerebral white matter relative to these controls. Correlations between cognitive status and brain abnormalities revealed a relationship between altered connectivity of white matter regions and impairments of episodic memory, overall cognitive function, attention and verbal fluency. This study shows that patients with neurological Long COVID suffer brain changes, especially in several white matter areas, and these are associated with impairments of specific cognitive functions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awae101
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Article ; Online: Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19: The Zonulin Hypothesis.

Llorens, Sílvia / Nava, Eduardo / Muñoz-López, Mónica / Sánchez-Larsen, Álvaro / Segura, Tomás

Frontiers in immunology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 665300

Abstract: The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential ... ...

Abstract	The irruption of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 has been of pandemic proportions due to its rapid spread and virulence. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory, digestive and neurological symptoms. Distinctive symptom as anosmia, suggests a potential neurotropism of this virus. Amongst the several pathways of entry to the nervous system, we propose an alternative pathway from the infection of the gut, involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), zonulin, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and zonulin brain receptor. Possible use of zonulin antagonists could be investigated to attenuate neurological manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/virology ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/virology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology ; Haptoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/complications ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism ; Nervous System Diseases/virology ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Haptoglobins ; Protein Precursors ; TLR4 protein, human ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; zonulin ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.665300
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Article ; Online: Study of the human hippocampal formation: a method for histological and magnetic resonance correlation in perinatal cases.

González Fuentes, Joaquín / Cebada-Sánchez, Sandra / Arroyo-Jiménez, Maria Del Mar / Muñoz-López, Mónica / Rivas-Infante, Eloy / Lozano, Guillermo / Mansilla, Francisco / Cortes, Francisca / Insausti, Ricardo / Marcos, Pilar

Brain imaging and behavior

2023 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 403–413

Abstract: Little information is available on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determination of the hippocampal formation (HF) during the perinatal period. However, this exploration is increasingly used, which requires defining visible HF landmarks on MRI ... ...

Abstract	Little information is available on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determination of the hippocampal formation (HF) during the perinatal period. However, this exploration is increasingly used, which requires defining visible HF landmarks on MRI images, validated through histological analysis. This study aims to provide a protocol to identify HF landmarks on MRI images, followed by histological validation through serial sections of the temporal lobe of the samples examined, to assess the longitudinal extent of the hippocampus during the perinatal period. We examined ex vivo MRI images from nine infant control brain samples. Histological validation of the hippocampal formation MRI images was obtained through serial sectioning and examination of Nissl-stained sections at 250 μm intervals along the entire length of the hippocampal formation. Up to six landmarks were identified both in MRI images and the serial histological sections. Proceeding in an anterior to posterior (rostrocaudal) direction, these were as follows: 1) the limen insulae (fronto-temporal junction); 2) the beginning of the amygdaloid complex; 3) the beginning of the lateral ventricle; 4) the caudal limit of the uncus, indicated by the start of the lateral geniculate nucleus (at the level of the gyrus intralimbicus); 5) the end of the lateral geniculate nucleus (beginning of the pulvinar); and 6) the beginning of the fornix. After histological validation of each of these landmarks, the full longitudinal length of the hippocampal formation and distances between landmarks were calculated. No statistically significant differences were found in total length or between landmarks. While the HF is anatomically organized at birth, its annotation is particularly challenging to perform. The histological validation of HF landmarks allows a better understanding of MRI images. The proposed protocol could be useful to assess MRI hippocampal quantification in children and possible variations due to different neurological diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Temporal Lobe ; Brain ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2377165-3
ISSN	1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
ISSN (online)	1931-7565
ISSN	1931-7557
DOI	10.1007/s11682-023-00768-4
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Article: Frontal and Insular Input to the Dorsolateral Temporal Pole in Primates: Implications for Auditory Memory.

Córcoles-Parada, Marta / Ubero-Martínez, Mar / Morris, Richard G M / Insausti, Ricardo / Mishkin, Mortimer / Muñoz-López, Mónica

Frontiers in neuroscience

2019 Volume 13, Page(s) 1099

Abstract: The temporal pole (TP) has been involved in multiple functions from emotional and social behavior, semantic processing, memory, language in humans and epilepsy surgery, to the fronto-temporal neurodegenerative disorder (semantic) dementia. However, the ... ...

Abstract	The temporal pole (TP) has been involved in multiple functions from emotional and social behavior, semantic processing, memory, language in humans and epilepsy surgery, to the fronto-temporal neurodegenerative disorder (semantic) dementia. However, the role of the TP subdivisions is still unclear, in part due to the lack of quantitative data about TP connectivity. This study focuses in the dorsolateral subdivision of the TP: area 38
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2019.01099
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Article ; Online: Lost and found.

Munoz-Lopez, Monica / Morris, Richard G M

Neuroscience

2016 Volume 326, Page(s) v–vii

MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Mice
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	196739-3
ISSN	1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
ISSN (online)	1873-7544
ISSN	0306-4522
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.012
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Article: The Human Periallocortex: Layer Pattern in Presubiculum, Parasubiculum and Entorhinal Cortex. A Review.

Insausti, Ricardo / Muñoz-López, Mónica / Insausti, Ana M / Artacho-Pérula, Emilio

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

2017 Volume 11, Page(s) 84

Abstract: The cortical mantle is not homogeneous, so that three types of cortex can be distinguished: allocortex, periallocortex and isocortex. The main distinction among those three types is based on morphological differences, in particular the number of layers, ... ...

Abstract	The cortical mantle is not homogeneous, so that three types of cortex can be distinguished: allocortex, periallocortex and isocortex. The main distinction among those three types is based on morphological differences, in particular the number of layers, overall organization, appearance, etc., as well as its connectivity. Additionally, in the phylogenetic scale, this classification is conserved among different mammals. The most primitive and simple cortex is the allocortex, which is characterized by the presence of three layers, with one cellular main layer; it is continued by the periallocortex, which presents six layers, although with enough differences in the layer pattern to separate three different fields: presubiculum (PrS), parasubiculum (PaS), and entorhinal cortex (EC). The closest part to the allocortex (represented by the subiculum) is the PrS, which shows outer (layers I-III) and inner (V-VI) principal layers (
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452969-2
ISSN	1662-5129
ISSN	1662-5129
DOI	10.3389/fnana.2017.00084
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Article: Counter-regulatory RAS peptides: new therapy targets for inflammation and fibrotic diseases?

Ávila-Martínez, Diana V / Mixtega-Ruiz, Wendy K / Hurtado-Capetillo, José M / Lopez-Franco, Oscar / Flores-Muñoz, Mónica

Frontiers in pharmacology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1377113

Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been ... ...

Abstract	The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2024.1377113
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